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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

編製移轉訂價報告之研究 - 以個案公司為例

楊潔芳 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來國際經營環境競爭激列,為提升台灣在國際間之競爭力,稅制之修正與探討,亦為重要之一環。 各國為吸引企業將利潤留在國內,防範跨國企業借移轉定價之安排將利潤留在免稅天堂或稅率較低之國家,紛紛修改稅法,如我國近年制定之移轉訂價、兩稅合一等,強迫企業將利潤留在台灣,我國亦於民國94年12月28日發布營利事業所得稅不合常規交易移轉定價查核準則,須於隔年5月申報所得時,依該查核準則規定方式自行調整並申報。以防止企業借移轉訂價規避我國稅負,並與國際租稅之發展接軌,實施至今已有數年,企業應如何應對,稅捐稽徵機關是否有需改進之處,實應予以探討。 至今並無研究實際說明或提供具體範例如何自行編製移轉訂價報告,而稽徵單位所提供之範例,係屬一般原則及概念說明,而所需之資料,即使委由會計師編製移轉訂價報告,絕大部份仍要求企業提供,本研究以個案公司為例,擬作一份移轉訂價報告,期能提供企業如何自行編製移轉訂價及稽徵機關修改參考範例為更具實用性之參考。移轉訂價查核準則之實施,突顯企業租稅規劃之重要性,而所涉及企業之內部資訊,如組織架構、交易型態、風險評估等,由外部單位於短暫有限之期限內,編製移轉訂價報告或提出租稅規劃之建議,是否較企業內部熟悉組織架構及交易型態之專任人員編製更為適用且確實,值得商確。且會計師實務上一年只能於有限時間編製一份移轉訂價報告,在此產品週期短且變化快速之二十一世紀,企業實應於內部設專人,定期檢視且可及時修正,納入內部控制制度,對企業之風險管理及租稅規劃,更有助益。 本研究個案擬作結果證實,現有移轉訂價制度之規則,留予移轉訂價報告製作者過多操作空間,主要來自於:(1) 給予常規交易方法選用空間過大,並未規定何種方法優先適用;(2)可比較對象採用條件,受限於有限之公開資訊資料,給予報告製作者選用非適切對象之藉口;(3)僅提供各項可比較程度分析項目,卻未將其與各常規交易方法做連結,應規範各常規交易方法下應配合之可比較程度分析項目;(4)可比較對象數量與品質規定未做規範,常規交易範圍區間可藉少數可比較對象之替換而達到操作目的。
2

OBU在國際租稅規劃之應用-以個案公司探討

陳惠貞 Unknown Date (has links)
如何使企業所負擔之租稅成本降至最低之租稅規劃,對於企業的生存與競爭具有莫大的影響力。個案公司以境外公司之名義報價與接單,並透過OBU帳戶收受佣金收入,將利潤保留在境外公司,但營業費用卻於台灣公司認列,使得因三角貿易賺得之佣金收入是否歸屬於境外來源所得而免稅,一直為爭議性之話題。   為避免將利潤保留在境外公司而不匯回,擬於所得稅法修正草案中將決議分配股利時才認列投資收益,改成依照財務會計上之權益法認列投資收益。並配合響應政府提倡亞太營運中心計劃及經發會提出健全資金回流機制,增(修)訂促進產業升級條例第七十條之一及兩岸人民關係條例第二十四條第二項,並開放OBU得與大陸地區金融機構直接通匯。   根據以上結論,本研究提出建議如下:   一、對企業界之建議   企業進行國際租稅規劃時,應把握合法性、注重實質、評估規劃之成本效益及考慮相關法令變遷之風險等四項原則。   二、對政府修法之建議    1.發展台灣成為營運總部之租稅配合措施     (1)加強簽署國際租稅協定     (2)建議評估營利事業所得稅由屬人主義改採屬地主義之可行性    2.對租稅政策之建議     (1)反租稅天堂措施之建議     (2)重新檢討所得稅法等有關涉外法規之適用    3.我國現行稽核制度的改進意見     (1)加強國際租稅人才的培訓     (2)提昇稅務稽查技術     (3)增強稽核人力素質 / Using case study method and by interviews with field experts, this thesis studies the application of OBU (off-shore banking unit) in international tax planning. Planning to decrease tax costs has long been an important task for multinational companies to compete in the international market. To avoid paying domestic taxes, companies can structure transactions by the name of offshore subsidiaries and receive commissions through their OBU accounts. Consequently, profits are reserved in the offshore companies but costs of running business are claimed in Taiwan's tax returns. Under certain circumstances, commissions earned from this kind of triangle trading are tax-free, causing substantial losses of tax revenues to Taiwanese government. The thesis discusses this controversial issue relating to commissions from triangle trading.   To encourage remitting back profits generated in overseas, the tax law for taxes on investment income should be changed. This thesis suggests the use of equity method for recognizing investment income for tax purposes. Further, the regulation on banking operations between Taiwan and China also needs to be revised to expedite the transfer of fund across the strait. The thesis suggests the opening of direct remittance between Taiwan's OBUs and China's banks.   In summary, in devising an effective tax planning, companies should take into account both tax and nontax costs, and keep abreast of the risks of changes in tax laws and governmental policies. As for the government to develop Taiwan as the headquarter of global operation, promotion of the international tax agreements is essentially important to help firms avoid double taxation. Further, to attract more international companies investing in Taiwan, the government should evaluate the feasibility and impacts of shifting the taxation principle of corporations from worldwide taxation to territorial taxation.
3

法定公司所得稅稅率政策之決定因素-國際租稅競爭或國內政治運作? / Determinants of tax rates in corporate income taxation -international tax competition or domestic political influences?

翁逸珊 Unknown Date (has links)
近期的租稅文獻認為影響一國公司所得稅稅率政策制定的國際因素最主要為國際間的租稅競爭,政治經濟文獻則強調政治才是最後決定租稅的關鍵因素;然而過去的實證文獻幾乎並未針對兩者綜合討論。因此,不同於過去的租稅及政治經濟文獻,本文除探討來自鄰國的稅率競爭及經濟因素對一國之法定公司所得稅稅率的影響外,同時亦分析法定公司稅率是否受到政治運作如政府體制與貪腐等因素之干擾。本文的樣本跨越全球五大洲,涵蓋不同開發程度之50個國家於1985-2007年間的追蹤資料,採用固定與隨機效果模型來估計,結果得到法定公司稅率同時受到國際租稅競爭與政治因素的顯著影響,但國際租稅競爭所給予的影響力較強;而且政府品質越差、政體為議會制的國家之法定公司稅率會較高。另外,開發程度越高的國家,對於稅率壓力的反應越敏感。
4

影響台灣跨國企業運用租稅天堂之特性分析

楊偕易 Unknown Date (has links)
跨國企業為了各種考量而紛紛前往海外成立境外公司(offshore company),其中租稅天堂(tax havens)因稅負較低且公司註冊方便等因素,故跨國企業成立境外公司的據點皆選擇租稅天堂,使得租稅天堂近年來聞名於全世界。   而我國自從民國七十六年七月放寬外匯管制以及僑外投資與鼓勵對外投資以來,對外投資活動日益興盛,租稅天堂的運用也因此伴隨增加。根據本研究整理自公開資訊觀測站的資料,且利用統計方法分析,我國跨國企業自民國八十七年至九十三年為止,運用租稅天堂有上升的趨勢且多集中於加勒比海地區,個別國家或地區則是偏重於英屬維京群島(British Virgin Islands)、開曼群島(Cayman Islands)以及薩摩亞(Samoa)。另外,為了探討我國跨國企業運用租稅天堂之特性,採用計量模型為追蹤資料(panel data)。根據實證結果,影響我國跨國公司前往運用租稅天堂之因素計有公司規模、非租稅天堂互補性以及非租稅天堂稅率。   本文乃針對我國政府目前對外之稅制政策與上述結論,作一歸納並提出幾點建議,期盼做為我國政府對於租稅天堂因應之策。並開創我國政府與我國跨國企業雙贏之局面。
5

台商全球化的思維兼論國際移轉訂價租稅問題- 以個案公司探討

徐永堅, Atlan Hsu Unknown Date (has links)
全球化是二十一世紀以來,最被廣汎討論的議題。無論在政治、經濟、企業、生產要素都無可避免地往“全球化”的洪流推進。這股全球化的力量將是所有人無法抗拒及置身事外的。當然,台灣企業亦無法迴避這股全球化的趨勢。 為因應這股全球化的浪潮,本論文引個案公司為例,探討其全球化的演進歷程,包含全球化的組織分工與佈局及其因應國際移轉計價租稅問題。根據以上的探討結論,本研究提出下列建議: 一、對台商企業因應全球化的建議: 1.台商組織文化的塑造及溝通模式的建立 全球化競爭時代,快速、彈性、效率、反應成為企業彼此競爭和成為全球運籌公司的關鍵。全球化公司在發展過程中,內部共識的形成、企業文化的形成、組織體系的扁平化和分工、領導溝通和策略決斷等等,是首要必須調整的課題。爰以個案的討論,提出台商朝向全球企業方向的組織管理建議。 2.組織架構的調整及功能的定位之建議 全球化的企業,主要係透過全球製造基地設立、全球市場(銷售據點)規劃、支援服務集中化等來修正改變其營運架構,此營運架構須跳脫法人組織架構的藩籬,同時配合國際移轉訂價策略,提出組織架構的調整及功能的定位之建議。 3.銷貨及製造交易模式引發租稅問題的對策 針對台商進行全球化常見的銷貨及製造交易模式所引發租稅問題,提出相關的建議。 4.移轉訂價政策的制定及後續管理 為因應全球化的國際移轉訂價租稅問題,建議企業內部應成立移轉訂價委員會,制訂集團移轉訂價策略,並管理後續相關事宜。 二、對政府協助台商企業全球化佈局的建議: 1.落實產業升級與轉型,以知識經濟取代產業政策 建議政府以整體產業的升級與轉型之知識經濟政策,取代僅強調某些產業之發展政策。 2.建構全球化效能政府與基礎建設 不僅企業要全球化,政府亦同時要進行全球化的改造。全球化強調彈性及效率,政府組織及政策亦因以此為準繩,才不致於成為企業全球化的絆腳石。此外,政府更應積極進行因應全球化的基礎建設,吸引全球資金以台灣為轉介中心,同時確保企業能根留台灣。 3.建立全球化產業資料庫,協助企業解決因應全球化所面臨的問題 成立世界各國投資資訊資料庫,舉凡各國政治、經濟、產業、租稅、人文及基礎設施等,供企業查詢,並定期更新。責成本國及當地專家針對企業對外全球所面臨問題深入輔導。 三、對政府國際移轉訂價的租稅政策建議: 1.立法院應儘速通過所得稅法第四十三條之一之修正草案,即移轉訂價立法草案,該草案係對移轉訂價的適用方法、稽核的對象、預先訂價協議機制作一通則性的規定,使得移轉訂價的稽核有明確的法律依據。 2.移轉訂價稽核立法後,應進行國際租稅人員的培訓,以熟悉移轉訂價的概念與稽核的技巧,並派員至美國IRS吸取稽核的經驗。此外,亦應同時對國內外企業進行教育宣導,讓企業能提早因應移轉訂價的稽核準備。 3.建立國際移轉訂價參考公司資料庫及全球化組織最佳實務準則,供企業國際移轉訂價的參考。鼓勵企業自行覆核公司移轉計價的策略,檢視是否符合常規交易;並制訂預先訂價協議機制細則,提供多國籍企業制訂移轉訂價策略的選擇。 關鍵詞:全球化、移轉訂價、國際租稅、個案研究 / Using case study method, this thesis studies a Taiwanese company in the evolution track of globalization may confront with arduous external and internal problems. The thesis stresses that the international transfer pricing topic is particularly important for globalized companies. Furthermore, the function segment for a globalized organization will affect both company’s competition capability and transfer pricing policy. In summary, this thesis recommend multinational companies should consider to adjust his organization structures and fix his organization functions to conquer the possible crises of continuous operation, and to establish reasonable international transfer pricing policy to defense possible challenges coming from tax authorities in the varied jurisdictions. Further, this thesis also recommend the Legislative Yuan of R.O.C. can approve the transfer pricing proposed law of Taiwan jurisdiction as soon as possible and our government can be assistance of the companies to overcome the international transfer pricing issues in the globalization. Keywords: Globalization, Transfer pricing, International tax planning, Case study.
6

國際租稅規劃對台灣上市櫃公司跨國控股連結設計之影響 / The impact of international tax planning on the design of cross - border ownership links of Taiwan's listed companies

洪靖紋 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來各國跨國企業利用對外投資控股架構設計進行租稅規劃,複雜的跨國結構安排導致各國稅基嚴重被侵蝕,引起各界關注,故了解跨國公司如何規劃其投資控股架構有其必要性。基於國內尚未有實證文獻探究國際租稅規劃對我國跨國公司投資控股架構決策之影響,因此本文針對2010年至2014年台灣上市櫃公司之海外關係企業目前投資控股架構進行研究,以了解我國對外投資的投資控股架構設計概況。此外,本文進一步探究跨國公司為了進行國際租稅規劃,不同租稅屬性的上下層公司是否確實會有相對應租稅特性之公司搭配形成控股連結。 本文建構兩個迴歸模型,採用Tobit模型進行實證分析。模型一分析基本租稅因素對於跨國控股連結之影響,實證結果顯示跨國控股連結設計會受到租稅協定、上下層公司所在國稅率差距影響。而模型二檢視國家組合間之租稅搭配相關變數對跨國控股連結的影響。結果顯示,上下層公司所在國的租稅環境確實會影響與其形成控股連結之所在國家的區位選擇。 / In the recent years, multinational corporations using the design of investment holding structure to do the tax planning. The complicated investment holding structure result in the tax base being damaged, and it draws the attentions of all walks of life. Therefore, there’s necessity to understand how the multinational corporations plan their investment holding structure. Due to the fact that there’s no literature which research the influence of international tax planning to our country’s multinational corporation investment holding structure decision have been proved. In order to understand how Taiwan’s multinational corporations plan their investment holding structure, we do the research against the investment holding structure of Taiwan’s listed companies from 2010 to 2014. Besides, we do the research more advanced on the international tax planning to see whether there will be companies with corresponded different tax characteristic that form an ownership links with the upper and lower companies of different tax characteristic. In this paper, we constructed two regression models, the Tobit random effect model is used to do the empirical analysis. The Model 1 analyzes the relation between the basic tax variable and the cross-border ownership links. The results indicate that the design of cross-border ownership links will be affected by tax treaty and the difference of tax rate between the upper and the lower countries. And the Model 2 examines the relation between tax collocation of country pair variables and cross-border ownership links. We found out that the tax environment where the upper and lower companies are located has truly affect the location choice of the country which the ownership link is linked to.
7

智慧財產控股公司之研究 / On Intellectual Property Holding Company

詹聰哲 Unknown Date (has links)
在知識經濟時代下,智慧財產作為企業乃至國家國家競爭力之根本,已成為定論。然而學界對於智慧財產之管理運用的研究,多集中於智慧財產本身之管理而鮮少觸及管理智慧財產之組織。管理智慧財產之組織可以內建於企業內部,也可以外置於企業外部,也就是智慧財產控股公司。藉由對智慧財產控股公司之組織架構進行研究,便可了解將智慧財產之所有權自原企業中分離,能為企業帶來何種管理上的效益,效益又有多大?智慧財產控股公司如何為企業帶來稅務上之效益,其所面臨之挑戰為何? 由於美國最早對於智慧財產控股公司所生之相關稅務問題進行規範,規範之內容也堪稱廣泛與細緻,故美國之稅制深具比較、對照、參考之價值。 此外,企業之稅賦除所得稅之外尚包括營業稅等稅目。但是本文就智慧財產控股公司相關稅賦問題之研究範圍,限於營利事業所得稅及所衍生之個人綜合所得稅。 在理清智慧財產控股公司之管理及稅務上效益後,本文便能為我國政府及企業提出建言,使政府能了解新型態的跨國企業智慧財產管理架構以確認合法節稅與違法的逃漏稅之界線,又能使我國企業得以藉由智慧財產控股公司架構來促進管理及稅務效益。 / In the knowledge economy era, intellectual properties, without doubt, are the foundation of competitiveness of enterprises and countries. However, studies regarding management of intellectual properties usually focus on intellectual properties themselves rather than the organizations managing intellectual properties. The managing organizations can be built in the enterprises or out of the enterprises, i.e., the intellectual property holding company (IPHC). By studying the organization structure of IPHCs, we can understand what and how huge the management benefits are to separate the ownership of intellectual properties from the enterprises, how IPHCs bring tax benefits for the enterprises, and what the challenges are in front of IPHCs. Since the United States of America is the first one who stipulates the relating tax issues of IPHCs and is probably the broadest and the finest, the tax system of USA is of great value for comparison and reference. This thesis will thus explore the USA tax system. In addition, beside income tax there are still other tax items such as business tax can be levied on enterprises. But this thesis only focuses on business income tax and thus derivated individual income tax. After clarifying the management and tax benefits of IPHCs, this thesis then is able to advice Taiwan Government and enterprises so that the government can realize the new intellectual properties managing organization structure of multinational enterprises to differ legitimate tax saving from illegal tax evasion while the enterprises can obtain the management and tax benefits through the IPHC management structure.
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我國反資本弱化相關法條實施後對跨國公司稅負影響之研究 / Anti-Thin capitalization and its possible impact on multinational corporations

陳意涵, Chen, I Han Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討我國最新建立之反資本弱化稅制對跨國集團整體稅負之影響,並欲指出跨國公司在未來租稅規劃上應注意之事項。透過對國內外資本弱化相關案例,以及其他實務上可能產生稀釋資本議題之操作模式做個案研究,希望能夠發現在此稅制之下可能存在之問題與風險。 本文共分為五章,概述如下: 第一章:說明本研究之研究動機、欲探討之問題、擬採用之研究方法以及本研究架構。 第二章:分別針對資本弱化之理論架構、相關稅收議題,以及各國反資本弱化稅制之國內外文獻進行回顧及探討。 第三章:介紹並整理我國反資本弱化稅制中之各類法條、辦法及函令。 第四章:案例研究,以虛擬案例及實務上產生爭議之個案為研究對象,俾對我國未來稅捐稽徵機關在稽徵實務上及納稅義務人在租稅規劃上提出建議。 第五章:就前述討論內容做出結論,並嘗試對我國反資本弱化稅制提出具體之建議,以期做為未來研究者之參考。 / This essay focused on the newly enacted anti-thin capitalization regulation in Taiwan and its possible impact on multinational corporations in tax aspect. By studying on cases related to thin capitalization and other possible issues, this essay would like to discover the potential drawbacks and risks in the anti-thin capitalization regulation. This essay comprises five chapters. Summarizes as follows: Chapter 1: To explain motives, structure and methodologies of this research. Chapter 2: First, to introduce the definition of thin-capitalization made by OECD, and to explain the Modigliani-Miller Theory, which was the rationale of Thin Capitalization. Secondly, to collect and analyze the possible tax issues of thin capitalization, and to introduce the legislative conditions of anti-thin capitalization in regulations in main countries. Chapter 3: To briefly introduce the newly enacted anti-thin capitalization regulation. Also, this essay would like to debate on main issues and potential drawbacks in this regulation. Chapter 4: To study on an assumed example and other cases that show the common model of thin-capitalization and possible impacts result from anti-thin capitalization regulation on multinational corporations. In this part, the essay would like to give some suggestions to tax authority and tax payers. Chapter 5: To summarize the main contents from the forenamed chapters, in addition, to cite the potential risks and shortcomings of the anti-thin capitalization regulation.
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反資本弱化條款對台灣跨國公司資本結構的影響 / The Impact of Anti-thin Capitalization Rules on the Capital Structure of Taiwanese Multinational Firms

賴家琪, Lai,Chia Chi Unknown Date (has links)
由於許多公司會利用資本弱化來從事跨國利潤移轉,各國政府因而相繼制定反資本弱化條款,在稅務上限縮公司可減除的利息費用,以防堵企業規避稅負。惟多數探討反資本弱化條款有效性的實證文獻,都是以地主國的觀點看外來投資。 不同於之前文獻偏重探討某一特定國家 (大多數是歐美國家) 的反資本弱化條款是否會改變其境內公司之資本結構,本文則是以居住國的觀點,探討 2008 年至 2012 年台灣電子製造業的上市公司與其國內外關係企業的資本結構,是否會受到其所在國的反資本弱化條款影響。另外,基於內部債務和外部債務間的替代性,本文進一步將負債區分為內部債務與外部債務,以期能更細部了解公司的融資行為。 本文共分為四個模型:以模型一、二分析反資本弱化條款對公司內部債務的影響;以模型三、四分析反資本弱化條款對公司外部債務的影響。實證結果發現,處罰方式若為重分類為股利,會造成公司的內部債務比率下降15.45%,外部債務比率上升 27.66%。而安全港比率中的分子若指所有負債,會造成公司的外部債務比率下降 14%。此外,反資本弱化條款的施行對公司外部債務比率的影響取決於處罰方式和安全港比率中負債的定義。最後,若安全港比率的分子僅指關係人間負債,公司仍可透過增加外部債務的方式,繼續享受利息費用的稅盾效果。 / Because many companies shift their profits through debt financing, governments had imposed anti-thin capitalization rules one after another to limit the tax deductibility of interest expenses. However, most empirical researches on the effectiveness of the anti-thin capitalization rules are from host countries perspectives. Different from previous literature focusing on how the anti-thin capitalization rule of one country affects capital structures of companies in that country, this paper is from a home country perspective to analyze the effects of the anti-thin capitalization rules on capital structures of Taiwanese listed companies (Electronics manufacturing industry) and their affiliates over the period 2008-2012. This paper subdivides debt into internal debt and external debt on account of the substitution between them so that it would help us to understand financing behavior of companies in depth. Model 1 and Model 2 are to investigate how anti-thin capitalization rules affect internal debt of companies. Model 3 and Model 4 are to investigate how anti-thin capitalization rules affect external debt of companies. The findings indicate that reclassifying excess interest as dividends reduces a company’s internal debt ratio by 15.45% and increases its external debt ratio by 27.66%. Defining the numerator of the safe haven ratio as total debt reduces a company’s external debt ratio by 14%. Moreover, how the enforcement of the anti-thin capitalization rule affects a company’s external debt ratio depends on the penalty and the definition of the debt measure in the numerator of the safe haven ratio. Finally, if the numerator of the safe haven ratio refers to related-parties debt, a company may still make good use of the tax shields of interest expenses by increasing external debt.
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我國企業併購法租稅措施之適用疑義-以本國個案為例

陳錫山 Unknown Date (has links)
企業併購法施行將近七年之際,其第四章「租稅措施」共有十條條文,在修法後的解釋適用上卻仍顯困難重重,導致我國企業併購的稅務爭議一直呈現眾說紛紜且矛盾不止的景象。以企業併購為主題的學術論文或坊間書籍,多淪為人云亦云的稅法摘要,未能深入討論併購案中參與之各企業的租稅待遇及對併購公司股東稅負的影響,另外更缺乏國內併購稅務實例的分析介紹,以探求租稅措施各條文之實用性。 基於澄清問題本質,本論文嘗試選取該法第34、38、39、40、41條文,分別從法律形式、文義內容、立法理由、歷史解釋、合憲目的、會計觀點等不同角度分析『租稅減免』、『盈虧互抵』、『免徵營所稅』、『連結稅制』及『跨國併購』等制度細節,並同時討論涉及併購其他稅法的交錯適用,以發掘真正實際困擾所在。研究發現由於我國稅務法規簡陋且錯誤層出不窮,加上行政機關為個案課稅持續發布多種「鋸箭式」的解釋函令,導致租稅制度上之嚴重矛盾,有待修法以重建稅法體系。 雖財政部97/10/17台財稅字第09704552910號函成為企併稅制的里程碑,某些疑慮將蓋棺論定,但離徹底釐清租稅疑慮仍有一大段距離,容易造成無辜企業誤觸(稅法)法網的困擾,反過來熟稔法條之併購公司卻可巧妙運用稅法漏洞,謀求本身最大租稅利益,故本論文以美商案、遠紡案、外銀案及億豐案等國內實例,分別探討重要租稅議題:外國公司在台新設分割能否適用租稅措施?本國公司以土地進行分割應否記存土增稅?外國金控購併本國銀行時如何善用不同交易架構使整體稅負極小化?兩階段購併的不同稅負可否逼迫小股東參與應賣?最後提出建言以期待我國能大步邁向租稅法治國的境界。

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