This research shed the light on regulations and their effects on operational risk management within the Swedish Swedish Banking Sector. The focus lies on operational risk management due to the introduction of new regulations such as FFFS 2014:1, FFFS 2014:4 and FFFS 2014:5. What could be found in the empirical analysis is that the regulations affected organizational changes.  Additionally, differences between large and small banks could be seen. All changes in terms of implementation of regulations are strongly performed throughout the Three Lines of Defence model where clear organization structure and work description are of importance. The Three Lines of Defence is tightly combined with the COSO framework and operational risk management to conduct compliant organization that is adaptable for any regulatory changes.

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<p>Electroporation is a biological cell's natural reaction to strong electric fields, where transient pores are created in the cell membrane. While electroporation holds promise of being a safe and effective tool for enhancing molecular delivery in numerous medical applications, it remains largely confined to preclinical research and clinical trials due to an incomplete understanding of the exact mechanisms involved. Muscle fibers are an important delivery target, but traditional theoretical studies of electroporation ignore the individual fiber geometry, making it impossible to study the unique transverse and longitudinal effects from the pulse stimulus. In these long, thin muscle fibers, the total reaction of the fiber to the electric field is due to fundamentally different effects from the constituent longitudinal and transverse components of the electric field generated by the pulse stimulus. While effects from the transverse component have been studied to some degree, the effects from the longitudinal component have not been considered. </p><p>This study develops a model of electroporation and delivery of small molecules in muscle tissue that includes effects from both the transverse and longitudinal components of the electric field. First, an asymptotic model of electric potential in an individual muscle fiber is derived that separates the full 3D boundary value problem into transverse and a longitudinal problems. The transverse and longitudinal problems each have their own respective source functions: the new "transverse activating function" and the well known longitudinal activating function (AF). This separation enhances analysis of the different effects from these two AFs and drastically reduces computational intensity. Electroporation is added to the asymptotic fiber model, and simplified two-compartment mass transport equations are derived from the full 3D conservation of mass equations to allow simulation of molecular uptake due to diffusion and the electric field. Special emphasis is placed on choosing model geometry, electrical, and pulsing parameters that are in accordance with experiments that study electroporation-mediated delivery of small molecules in the skeletal muscle of small mammals.</p><p>Simulations reveal that for fibers close to the electrodes the transverse AF dominates, but for fibers far from the electrodes the longitudinal AF enhances uptake by as much as 2000%. However, on the macroscopic tissue level, the increase in uptake from the longitudinal AF is no more than 10%, given that fibers far from the electrodes contribute so little to the total uptake in the tissue. The mechanism underlying the smaller effect from the longitudinal AF is found to be unique to the process of electroporation itself. Electroporation occurs on the short time scale of polarization via the transverse AF, drastically increases membrane conductance, and effectively precludes further creation of pores from charging of the membrane via the longitudinal AF. The exact value of enhancement in uptake from the longitudinal AF is shown to depend on pulsing, membrane, and tissue parameters. Finally, simulation results reproduce qualitative, and in some cases quantitative, behavior of uptake observed in experiments.</p><p>Overall, percent increase in total tissue uptake from the longitudinal AF is on the order of experimental variability, and this study corroborates previous theoretical models that neglect the effects from the longitudinal AF. However, previous models neglect the longitudinal AF without explanation, while the asymptotic fiber model is able to detail the mechanisms involved. Mechanisms revealed by the model offer insight into interpreting experimental results and increasing efficiency of delivery protocols. The model also rigorously derives a new transverse AF based on individual fiber geometry, which affects the spatial distribution of uptake in tissue differently than predicting uptake based on the magnitude of the electric field, as used in many published models. Results of this study are strictly valid for transport of small molecules through small non-growing pores. For gene therapy applications the model must be extended to transport of large DNA molecules through large pores, which may alter the importance of the longitudinal AF. In broader terms, the asymptotic model also provides a new, computationally efficient tool that may be used in studying the effect of transverse and longitudinal components of the field for other types of membrane dynamics in muscle and nerves.</p> / Dissertation

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Three-channel monopulse tracking receiver systems are commonly used for high performance tracking of satellites, missiles, or aircraft to maximize the reception of data. Typically, the receiver in such systems are custom designed for their end purpose. This results in a high cost to cover the development, service, and support of a highly specialized piece of equipment. This paper covers the requirements and performance of a 3-channel monopulse tracking receiver assembled from commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment. Such a system provides an option for designing or upgrading tracking stations with the lower cost, larger support base, and greater system configuration choices that are available with COTS equipment.

This thesis aims to design and build a power electronics system for the rectification and control of magnetization currents in synchronous generators with rotating exciters.The rotating exciter provides three-phase AC while the generator rotor needs DC with a high degree of control. The system needs to be able to rectify the three-phase AC to a stable DC without unwanted harmonic content, neither on the DC or the AC side. For control purposes it is also important that the current in the rotor can be changed very swiftly, preferably by several amperes during a single revolution ofthe machine.The system of choice is a synchronous rectifier bridge consisting of six MOSFET switches operated using the Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. This method gives a stable and controllable DC voltage while it keeps the harmonic content of the input currents at a minimum. However the DC voltage will always be higher than the peak line-to-line voltage from the exciter. To be able to lower the voltage below this value a Buck-converter is placed after the rectifier bridge.To gain a higher degree of control of the current density in the rotor windings the windings have been subdivided into three parts. To provide individual control of the current in the three rotor parts each part have been outfitted with a Push and Pull H-bridge.The proposed system has been both simulated using MATLAB Simulink and built and tested in the laboratory with satisfactory results. / I detta examensarbete presenteras ett kraftelektroniksystem för förbättrad kontroll av magnetiseringsstömmar i vattenkraftsgeneratorer som är utrustade med roterande matare.Generatorer används för att konvertera energi från rörelseenergi till elektrisk energi. Detta görs genom att man utsätter spolar för varierande magnetfält; då induceras spänning i spolarna. I vattenkraftsgeneratorer används oftast stora elektromagneter placerade i en rotor för att skapa dessa magnetfält. För att magnetisera elektromagneterna behövs ström som på något sätt måste överföras mellan den statiska och den roterande sidan i generatorn. Traditionellt görs detta med hjälp av släpringar och kolborstar som genom mekanisk kontakt överför elektriciteten. En roterande matare kan beskrivas som en liten generator som har sina elektriska utgångar på den roterande sidan istället för på den statiska sidan. Genom att placera en roterande matare på samma axel som den stora generatorn kan man istället alstra den elektricitet som behövs för att magnetisera generatorn direkt på den roterande sidan. Däregenom undviks många problem som är associerade med lösningen med släpringar.Den roterande mataren ger dock växelström medan magnetiseringsströmmen måste vara likström. Det är här kraftelektroniken kommer in i bilden. Det finns flera sätt att åstadkomma likriktning av ström. I det här projektet har ett fullständigt aktivt system byggts. Systemet är uppbyggt av transistorer av MOSFET typ och kan kontrolleras trådlöst med hjälp av Bluetoothteknik. Systemet ger full kontroll över strömmar och spänningar både på växelströmssidan och på likströmssidan och ska användas till en testgenerator på avdelningen för ellära vid Uppsala Universitet. Där ska den utökade kontroll som systemet ger förutsättningar till användas för att undersöka hur den här typen av system kan optimera de magnetiska krafterna inuti generatorn. En sådan optimering kan minska vibrationerna i generatorn och därigenom minska slitaget på lager och andra delar i maskinen.

The generation of nanostructured microscale assemblies with complex, three-dimensional (3-D) morphologies possessing multicomponent inorganic compositions tailored for adhesion is of considerable scientific and technological interest. This dissertation demonstrates that self-assembled 3-D organic templates of biogenic origin can be converted into replicas comprised of numerous other functional nanocrystalline inorganic materials and, further, how such replicas can tailored for adhesion. Nature provides a spectacular variety of biologically-assembled 3-D organic structures with intricate, hierarchical (macro-to-micro-to-nanoscale) morphologies designed for particle adhesion. The conformal coating of such structurally-complex biotemplates with synthetic materials provides a framework for chemical transformation of other, complex synthetic organic templates and the basis to study imparted adhesion properties. Three specific research thrusts are detailed in this document. First, freestanding magnetite (Fe3O4) replicas of bio-organic templates are synthesized via a layer-by-layer (LbL) wet chemical deposition process and subsequent morphology-preserving thermal treatments to allow for structures with tailorable long-range magnetic adhesion. Second, freestanding spinel ferrite replicas of bio-organic templates are synthesized (via LbL coating and thermal treatment) for grain size controlled long-range magnetic adhesion and short range van der Waals adhesion. The final research thrust focuses on the use of a low temperature (≤ 250°C) wet-chemical based process to convert bioorganic templates into magnetically-coated structures retaining both the size and morphology of the template. The rate-limiting kinetic mechanism(s) of the partial reduction of the inorganic coatings have been examined via quartz crystal microbalance analysis. The effects of the coating micro/nanostructure on magnetic behavior and on surface adhesion, have been investigated.

Our eyes are horizontally separated in the head by approximately 6.5cm. As a result of this separation there are subtle differences in the position of corresponding image points within the two eyes. The horizontal component of this binocular positional difference is termed horizontal disparity. Horizontal disparity is an important visual cue as once scaled with an estimate of the viewing distance, it can theoretically provide full metric information about the structure of the world. This thesis will address the issue of how binocular visual cues are used by the human visual system for the estimation of three-dimensional (3-D) shape for perception and visuomotor control. The research presented is particularly focused on understanding why biases in the perception of 3-D shape from binocular cues are found, their importance for perception and visuomotor control and how these biases may be overcome by combining binocular cues with other sources of visual information.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Architecture / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Computer Science and Information Systems / Master / Master of Philosophy