Dissertation (Ph.D.).--University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at San Antonio, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Human Genetics. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/07/30). Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 138-139

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:57:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bonato_ma_me_jabo.pdf: 1088423 bytes, checksum: 706ba8eb71da0975d385cc318b0b96c2 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A mantença pode ser definida como o estado em que o animal se encontra em equilíbrio de nitrogênio, no qual a ingestão de N é igual à soma das perdas, permanecendo constante o conteúdo de N do corpo. E esta pode ser definida com base em estudos de metabolismo com aves adultas improdutivas, pelo fato das exigências totais de aminoácidos dessas aves estarem associadas apenas às perdas inevitáveis (mantença), não incluindo necessidades específicas de aminoácidos para o crescimento e/ou produção. Porém, há alguns problemas na determinação da exigência de mantença: primeiro é como comparar a mantença entre genótipos de diferentes tamanhos à maturidade, o segundo é como comparar a mantença entre animais de um mesmo genótipo em diferentes estágios de crescimento, e o terceiro é como lidar com a variação no conteúdo de gordura corporal, uma vez que não existe demanda de aminoácidos para a manutenção das reservas lipídicas. Assim, as diferenças de valores entre níveis de exigências para mantença de aminoácidos encontrados na literatura, tem sido a diretriz para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos, visando à obtenção de metodologias padronizadas e estimativas de valores condizentes com as necessidades das aves. Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar as exigências de metionina+cistina e treonina digestíveis para a mantença de aves adultas utilizando e comparando galos de diferentes pesos e composições corporais / The maintenance can be defined as the state where the animal is in nitrogen balance, in which the intake of N is equal to the sum of the losses, stabilizing the N content in the body. And this can be defined based on studies of metabolism in adult birds unproductive, because the total amino acid requirements of these birds are associated only to the inevitable losses (maintenance), not including the specific amino acids for growth and/or production. However, there are some problems in determining the requirement for maintenance: first is to compare the maintenance among genotypes of different sizes at maturity, the second is like comparing the maintenance of animals of the same genotype at different stages of growth, and the third is how to deal with the variation in body fat content, since there is no demand for amino acids for the maintenance of lipid reserves. Thus, differences in values between levels of requirements for maintenance of amino acids found in the literature has been the guideline for the development of new studies aiming to produce standardized methodologies and estimates of amounts consistent with the needs of birds. This study aimed to estimate the methionine+cystine and threonine digestible for the maintenance of adult birds using and comparing roosters of different weights and body composition

The objective of this project is to explore the potential for enantiomer separation by preferential crystallization using tailor-made emulsions. Preferential crystallization is widely used as a means of separating pure enantiomers from racemic solutions. This is usually assisted by the addition of seed crystals of one enantiomer for which crystallization yields a conglomerate rather than a racemic compound. Three racemic materials, DL-threonine (stable conglomerate), R,S-2-chloromandelic acid (racemic compound with the occurrence of a metastable conglomerate) and R,S-clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate (stable racemic compound) were chosen based on their different racemic properties to both develop and test the limitations of an emulsion crystallization process. Since threonine is reported to form only a stable conglomerate it seemed an ideal material to use for the development of an emulsion crystallization process. Indeed this was successful with enantiomer enrichments of up to 88 % of the D-enantiomer being achievable. 2-Chloromandelic acid is reported to crystallize as a stable racemic compound but with both metastable (polymorphic) compound and conglomerate known. An investigation into solution crystallization was performed as a means of preparing the metastable conglomerate and also to explore the possibility of developing an emulsion crystallization process in this system. Crystallization of 2-chloromandelic acid yielded both stable and metastable racemic compounds and the metastable conglomerate. Solubility data of the pure enantiomer, stable racemic compound and metastable conglomerate have been determined in acetonitrile and a robust drown-out method developed for consistent preparation of the conglomerate in diethyl ether. In situ UV-Vis spectroscopy studies revealed that in a stirred slurry, the metastable conglomerate converts to the stable racemic compound in approximately 10 minutes at 15 °C. This time scale defined the subsequent process of preferential crystallization from a seeded, tailor-made, non-aqueous emulsion which was successful in providing a route to a product with significant chiral enrichment of the R-enantiomer. R,S-Clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate is a stable compound forming system, which has been reported in patents to form six different polymorphs. The possibility of conglomerate formation is not known. During the course of this work, attempts were made to preferentially crystallize one enantiomer from an already enriched racemic solution. This was unsuccessful, largely due to the fact that the pure enantiomer was found to be more soluble that the enriched starting material. No evidence of a conglomerate was found, but an amorphous form and four crystalline forms of S-clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate (S-I, S-II, S-III and S-IV) have been crystallized from various solvents via different crystallization conditions. Forms III and IV are believed to be present as hydrates which are not currently reported in the literature. The amorphous form and crystalline polymorphs have been characterized using DSC, pXRD and FTIR, of which data for the latter technique is lacking in the literature. Overall this thesis demonstrates the development of both aqueous and non-aqueous emulsion crystallisation processes for enantiomer separations, highlighting the importance of the phase behaviour of the solute as a major determinant for success.

Tuberculosis, caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in our world today. In order to survive within the host the bacteria need to sense and respond to changes in the environment; however, signal transduction in this bacterium is poorly understood. PknB is a serine/threonine kinase essential for the in vitro survival of M. tuberculosis and therefore a potential drug target against the bacteria. It is the goal of the current study to elucidate downstream substrates of PknB. We have found that PknB shares in vitro substrates with another serine/threonine kinase, PknH, implying the potential complexity of the signaling pathways in the bacteria. We have also provided the first description of the coupling between serine/threonine kinases PknB and PknH with a two-component system response regulator DevR, and further proposed Ser/Thr phosphorylation as the negative regulator of DevR transcription activator activity based on LC-MS/MS analysis. Finally, we have identified a previously unknown phosphoprotein glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoded by the ORF Rv1436, which demonstrates autophosphorylation activity and which phosphorylation is independent of PknB. Overall, the current study has contributed to advance our understanding of the signal transduction pathways and phosphoproteome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. / Medicine, Faculty of / Medicine, Department of / Experimental Medicine, Division of / Graduate

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20243号 / 医博第4202号 / 新制||医||1020(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 齊藤 博英, 教授 原田 浩, 教授 秋山 芳展 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

Currently accepted optimum protein levels for growth in the horse may be reduced with amino acid supplementation. This study investigated the effects on growth and protein status of Thoroughbred foals offered a supplement with a typical CP level to a supplement that had a lower CP level fortified with limiting amino acids. The control supplement (CS) contained 14% CP, 3.0 Mcal/kg DM, 10% corn oil, 22% soybean meal, 1.4% calcium, and three sources of fiber. The experimental supplement (LTS) contained 9% CP, 3.0 Mcal/kg DM, 10% corn oil, 3% soybean meal, 1.4% calcium, three sources of fiber, and was fortified with .6% lysine and .4% threonine. Lysine and threonine are the first two limiting amino acids in common diets of the horse. Mares and foals were fed twice daily (0700 and 1400) and kept on 30-acre pastures (mixed grass/white clover) until weaning (7 months). Weanlings continued on specified supplements and pastures for seven additional months. Physical measurements and blood samples were taken monthly. Measurements included weight, average daily gain (ADG), body condition (BC), wither height, hip height, length, girth, forearm length, front and hind cannon length, physis and fetlock circumference. Blood analysis included total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatinine (CREA), and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). Effect of diet and time were evaluated by analysis of variance with repeated measures. No differences were found in physical measurements between the CS and LTS groups (ADG 0.8(0.4 kg/day, BC 4.9(0.05) for the observational period. Blood data also showed no difference for the period (ALB 2.9 ( 0.03 g/dl, TP 5.7 ( 0.10 g/dl, CREA 1.1 ( 0.02 mg/dl). These results suggest that the foals offered the LTS faired as well or better than foals on the CS. Lower levels of crude protein (CP) in the diet will result in less nitrogen pollution of pasture lands due to better utilization in the horse. By fortifying a low protein diet with the first two limiting amino acids, the protein is used more efficiently for growth and development, thereby benefiting both the horse and the land. / Master of Science