<p>Detta examensarbete utreder en ny typ av spjällhus som optimerats för dragracing. Spjällhuset styr luftflödet till förbränningsmotorn och regleras av gashandtaget. Konceptet är utvecklat av Emtes Ingenjörsbyrå och i examensarbetet ingår att konstruera ett spjällhus med det nya konceptet för motorcykelmodellen Suzuki Hayabusa. Det standardmonterade spjällhuset är anpassat för gatubruk och ett brett effektregister. För dragracing är den maximala effekten avgörande och det standard monterade spjällhuset är en flaskhals vid WOT (Wide Open Throttle).</p><p>För konceptet saknas dock fullständiga lösningar för diverse funktioner. I examensarbetet ingår att komplettera konceptet med en returmekanism, synkroniseringsanordning och erforderliga standarkomponenter. I början av arbetet skall även en kravspecifikation och DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis) upprättas.</p><p>Den slutliga konstruktionen uppfyller de uppsatta kraven enligt krav-specifikationen. Spjällhuset är kompakt, enkelt att montera och anpassat för tillverkning i små serier. Den symmetriska konstruktionen förenklar CNC-tillverkningen (Computer Numerical Control) och sänker tillverknings-kostnaderna.</p><p>Avslutningsvis genomfördes provning för att jämföra det nya spjällhuset med det standardmonterade. Metoden visades vara olämplig och provningen av spjällhuset blev resultatlös. Vidare provning av spjällhuset med andra metoder rekommenderas men lämnas utanför examensarbetet på grund av tids¬begräsningarna.</p> / <p>In this undergraduate thesis a throttle body designed for drag racing is investigated and evaluated. The throttle body governs the air flow to the internal combustion engine and is controlled by the throttle twist grip. The concept is developed by Emtes Engineering and within this undergraduate thesis it includes to design a throttle body with the concept for the motorcycle Suzuki Hayabusa. The standard mounted throttle body is suitable for normal usage and a wide power range. For drag racing the maximum power output is crucial and the standard mounted throttle body is a bottle-neck at WOT (Wide Open Throttle).</p><p>Complete solutions for various functions are missing for the concept. This undergraduate thesis includes completing the concept with a returning mechanism, synchronisation arrangement and proper standard components. At the beginning of the task it also includes to establish a specification of requirements and DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis).</p><p>The final design fulfils the specification of requirements. The throttle body is compact, simple to assemble and suited for small scale manufacturing. The symmetrical design simplifies the CNC-manufacturing (Computer Numerical Control) and thereby reduces the costs.</p><p>Finally a test was carried out to compare the new throttle body with the standard mounted. The methodology turned out to be unsuitable and the testing of the throttle body was without results. Further testing with other methods is recommended but that will not be a part of this undergraduate thesis.</p>

Detta examensarbete utreder en ny typ av spjällhus som optimerats för dragracing. Spjällhuset styr luftflödet till förbränningsmotorn och regleras av gashandtaget. Konceptet är utvecklat av Emtes Ingenjörsbyrå och i examensarbetet ingår att konstruera ett spjällhus med det nya konceptet för motorcykelmodellen Suzuki Hayabusa. Det standardmonterade spjällhuset är anpassat för gatubruk och ett brett effektregister. För dragracing är den maximala effekten avgörande och det standard monterade spjällhuset är en flaskhals vid WOT (Wide Open Throttle). För konceptet saknas dock fullständiga lösningar för diverse funktioner. I examensarbetet ingår att komplettera konceptet med en returmekanism, synkroniseringsanordning och erforderliga standarkomponenter. I början av arbetet skall även en kravspecifikation och DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis) upprättas. Den slutliga konstruktionen uppfyller de uppsatta kraven enligt krav-specifikationen. Spjällhuset är kompakt, enkelt att montera och anpassat för tillverkning i små serier. Den symmetriska konstruktionen förenklar CNC-tillverkningen (Computer Numerical Control) och sänker tillverknings-kostnaderna. Avslutningsvis genomfördes provning för att jämföra det nya spjällhuset med det standardmonterade. Metoden visades vara olämplig och provningen av spjällhuset blev resultatlös. Vidare provning av spjällhuset med andra metoder rekommenderas men lämnas utanför examensarbetet på grund av tids¬begräsningarna. / In this undergraduate thesis a throttle body designed for drag racing is investigated and evaluated. The throttle body governs the air flow to the internal combustion engine and is controlled by the throttle twist grip. The concept is developed by Emtes Engineering and within this undergraduate thesis it includes to design a throttle body with the concept for the motorcycle Suzuki Hayabusa. The standard mounted throttle body is suitable for normal usage and a wide power range. For drag racing the maximum power output is crucial and the standard mounted throttle body is a bottle-neck at WOT (Wide Open Throttle). Complete solutions for various functions are missing for the concept. This undergraduate thesis includes completing the concept with a returning mechanism, synchronisation arrangement and proper standard components. At the beginning of the task it also includes to establish a specification of requirements and DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis). The final design fulfils the specification of requirements. The throttle body is compact, simple to assemble and suited for small scale manufacturing. The symmetrical design simplifies the CNC-manufacturing (Computer Numerical Control) and thereby reduces the costs. Finally a test was carried out to compare the new throttle body with the standard mounted. The methodology turned out to be unsuitable and the testing of the throttle body was without results. Further testing with other methods is recommended but that will not be a part of this undergraduate thesis.

A válvula borboleta é o atuador principal do sistema de admissão de ar no motor a combustão interna ciclo Otto (MCI), determinando a massa de ar admitida para o sistema de gerenciamento eletrônico do motor (ECU) realizar os cálculos de controle da injeção eletrônica de combustível, e o momento de lançamento da centelha para o sistema de ignição eletrônica, atuando também no regime de funcionamento do MCI. Este trabalho explora o controle da válvula borboleta eletrônica automotiva, onde foram estudados diversos modelos de controle para a válvula borboleta. O controle visa responder a ECU que demanda um determinado ângulo de abertura da válvula borboleta, para o melhor funcionamento e gestão do MCI para cada região de operação do motor, sendo este ângulo de abertura determinado pela própria ECU. O principal objetivo do trabalho é buscar um melhor desempenho do controle da válvula borboleta, para responder com exatidão ao comando da ECU e, consequentemente, um desempenho ótimo do motor de combustão interna. Adicionalmente, o trabalho promove avanços parciais para o desenvolvimento de uma unidade eletrônica de gerenciamento do motor. / The throttle is the main actuator of the air intake system in an internal combustion engine Otto cycle (MCI), determining the mass of air admitted to the system of electronic engine management (ECU) in the calculations of the electronic injection control fuel, and the timing of the spark to launch the electronic ignition system, also working in the regime of operation of the MCI. This work explores the control of automotive electronic throttle valve, where many control for throttle valve was studied. The control ECU aims to answer that demand a certain opening angle of the throttle valve, to improve the functioning and management of MCI for each region of operation of the engine, and this opening angle determined by the ECU itself. The main objective is to seek a better control performance throttle valve to respond accurately to the command of the ECU and hence optimum performance of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the work promotes partial advances in the development of an electronic engine management unit.

A válvula borboleta é o atuador principal do sistema de admissão de ar no motor a combustão interna ciclo Otto (MCI), determinando a massa de ar admitida para o sistema de gerenciamento eletrônico do motor (ECU) realizar os cálculos de controle da injeção eletrônica de combustível, e o momento de lançamento da centelha para o sistema de ignição eletrônica, atuando também no regime de funcionamento do MCI. Este trabalho explora o controle da válvula borboleta eletrônica automotiva, onde foram estudados diversos modelos de controle para a válvula borboleta. O controle visa responder a ECU que demanda um determinado ângulo de abertura da válvula borboleta, para o melhor funcionamento e gestão do MCI para cada região de operação do motor, sendo este ângulo de abertura determinado pela própria ECU. O principal objetivo do trabalho é buscar um melhor desempenho do controle da válvula borboleta, para responder com exatidão ao comando da ECU e, consequentemente, um desempenho ótimo do motor de combustão interna. Adicionalmente, o trabalho promove avanços parciais para o desenvolvimento de uma unidade eletrônica de gerenciamento do motor. / The throttle is the main actuator of the air intake system in an internal combustion engine Otto cycle (MCI), determining the mass of air admitted to the system of electronic engine management (ECU) in the calculations of the electronic injection control fuel, and the timing of the spark to launch the electronic ignition system, also working in the regime of operation of the MCI. This work explores the control of automotive electronic throttle valve, where many control for throttle valve was studied. The control ECU aims to answer that demand a certain opening angle of the throttle valve, to improve the functioning and management of MCI for each region of operation of the engine, and this opening angle determined by the ECU itself. The main objective is to seek a better control performance throttle valve to respond accurately to the command of the ECU and hence optimum performance of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the work promotes partial advances in the development of an electronic engine management unit.

This master’s thesis deals with the design of the throttle body of the intake manifold of a spark-ignition engine with regards to minimizing throttle loses at full engine load. The first part of this thesis focuses on the elements of intake tract structure on contemporary combustion engine including their design solutions and the theory of flow. The thesis also describes the creation of the 3-D CAD model of intake manifold with a throttle body and the description of the CFD flow simulation with the evaluation of resul.

This thesis covers the design and prototyping of an electronic throttle control (ETC) system for a small two-stroke engine. The thesis work is being realized in collaboration between a cooperating company and KTH. The throttle control system is veried with a physical combustion engine. The development process of the control systems is being done mostly in-house in the cooperating company. The company has developed electronic control of fuel and ignition system. In addition to the ETC throttle control system this thesis work also develops a control system of the angular velocity of the combustion engine by controlling the intake air to the small two-stroke engine. Today the air supply to the engine is controlled by a valve mechanically connected to the trigger/gas pedal operated by the user. The focus of the thesis is to investigate the advantages and drawbacks of implementing an electronically controlled air supply to a small two-stroke combustion engine. This master thesis discuss the detailed system design requirement of an ETC system for a small two-stroke engine. The result of this master thesis shows that it is possible to have velocity control on a small two-stroke engine, also minor improvements in acceleration of the small combustion engine is shown when using the ETC system. / Detta examensarbete omfattar design och prototypbygge av ett elektroniskt gasreglagesystem (ETC) for en liten tvataktsmotor. Examensarbetet utfors som ett sammarbete mellan ett sammarbetande foretag och KTH. Gasreglagesystemet verieras med en fysisk forbranningsmotor. Utvecklingsprosessen av styrsystemet bedrivs mestadels internt hos det sammarbetande foretaget. Foretaget har utvecklat elektronisk styrning av bransle och tandsystem. Utover det elektroniska gasreglagesystemet har detta examensarbete ocksa behandlat utvecklingen av ett styrsystem av vinkelhastigheten hos forbranningsmotorn genom att styra insugsluften till den lilla tvataktsmotorn. Idag styrs lufttillforseln till forbranningsmotorn av ett spjall som ar mekaniskt ansluten till avtryckaren som manovreras av anvandaren. Fokus for examensarbetet ligger i att undersoka for- och nackdelar med att implementera ett elektroniskt styrt luftspjall till en liten tva-taktsmotor. Examensarbetet behandlar det detaljerade designkravet hos ett ETC system for en liten tvataktsmotor. Resultatet av detta examensarbete visar att det ar mojligt att ha hastighetsstyrning pa en liten tvataktsmotor, aven sma forbattringar i acceleration pavisas nar ETC systemet anvands.

Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação das propriedades dinâmicas da válvula borboleta eletrônica do sistema de admissão de ar de um motor a combustão interna. O objetivo é utilizar um modelo matemático da válvula borboleta com todos os seus parâmetros identificados para efetuar o controle da válvula e aplica-lo em ambiente real. Tendo o modelo e os parâmetros identificados, compara-se o comportamento real de uma válvula borboleta com o comportamento simulado, utilizando os mesmos sinais de entrada, de tal forma a validar o modelo desenvolvido. Utilizando o controle Proporcional Integral, foi possível mostrar a aplicabilidade da metodologia que pode ser estendida para projetos de controle mais complexos. Com o controle PI, o modelo matemático é validado e pode ser utilizado como base para projetos de controle mais complexos. O modelo aqui desenvolvido representa satisfatoriamente a dinâmica da válvula borboleta, sendo possível utilizá-lo em outros tipos de válvula borboleta. / This work presents an investigation on the dynamic properties of the electronic air intake throttle valve of an internal combustion engine. The objective is to use a mathematical model of throttle valve with all it\'s parameters identified to effect control of the valve and apply it in a real environment. Having identified model parameters, the real performance is compared to a throttle valve with the simulated behavior using the same input signals, in order to validate the developed model. Using the Proportional Integral control, it was possible to show the applicability of the methodology that can be extended to more complex control design. The model here developed satisfactorily represents the dynamics of the throttle valve, being able to use in other types of throttle valves.

Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação das propriedades dinâmicas da válvula borboleta eletrônica do sistema de admissão de ar de um motor a combustão interna. O objetivo é utilizar um modelo matemático da válvula borboleta com todos os seus parâmetros identificados para efetuar o controle da válvula e aplica-lo em ambiente real. Tendo o modelo e os parâmetros identificados, compara-se o comportamento real de uma válvula borboleta com o comportamento simulado, utilizando os mesmos sinais de entrada, de tal forma a validar o modelo desenvolvido. Utilizando o controle Proporcional Integral, foi possível mostrar a aplicabilidade da metodologia que pode ser estendida para projetos de controle mais complexos. Com o controle PI, o modelo matemático é validado e pode ser utilizado como base para projetos de controle mais complexos. O modelo aqui desenvolvido representa satisfatoriamente a dinâmica da válvula borboleta, sendo possível utilizá-lo em outros tipos de válvula borboleta. / This work presents an investigation on the dynamic properties of the electronic air intake throttle valve of an internal combustion engine. The objective is to use a mathematical model of throttle valve with all it\'s parameters identified to effect control of the valve and apply it in a real environment. Having identified model parameters, the real performance is compared to a throttle valve with the simulated behavior using the same input signals, in order to validate the developed model. Using the Proportional Integral control, it was possible to show the applicability of the methodology that can be extended to more complex control design. The model here developed satisfactorily represents the dynamics of the throttle valve, being able to use in other types of throttle valves.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na konstrukční návrh sacího potrubí pro vůz Formula Student. Pro pohon vozu je použit jednoválcový atmosférický benzinový motor Husaberg FE 570. Sací potrubí je navrhováno tak, aby bylo v souladu s pravidly Formula Student. Pro zvýšení plnící účinnosti sací potrubí využívá resonančního efektu. Délky sacího potrubí byly spočítány v software Lotus Engine simulation.

Les produits mécatroniques sont complexes et multidisciplinaires par nature. Les exigences pour les concevoir sont souvent contradictoires et doivent être validées par les différentes équipes d'ingénierie disciplinaire (ID). Pour répondre à cette complexité et réduire le temps de conception, les ingénieurs disciplinaires ont besoin de collaborer dynamiquement, de résoudre les conflits interdisciplinaires et de réutiliser les connaissances de projets antérieurs. De plus, ils ont besoin de collaborer en permanence avec l’équipe d’ingénierie systèmes (IS) pour avoir un accès direct aux exigences et l’équipe d’optimisation multidisciplinaire (OMD) pour valider le système dans sa globalité.Nous proposons d'utiliser des techniques de gestion des connaissances pour structurer les connaissances générées lors des activités de collaboration afin d'harmoniser le cycle de conception. Notre principale contribution est une approche d'unification qui explique comment IS, ID et OMD se complètent et peuvent être utilisés en synergie pour un cycle de conception intégré et continu. Notre méthodologie permet de centraliser les connaissances nécessaires à la collaboration et au suivi des exigences. Elle assure également la traçabilité des échanges entre les ingénieurs grâce à la théorie des graphes. Cette connaissance formalisée du processus de collaboration permet de définir automatiquement un problème OMD. / Mechatronic products are complex and multidisciplinary in nature. The requirements to design them are often contradictory and must be validated by the various disciplinary engineering (DE) teams. To address this complexity and reduce design time, disciplinary engineers need to collaborate dynamically, resolve interdisciplinary conflicts, and reuse knowledge from previous projects. In addition, they need to work seamlessly with the Systems Engineering (SE) team to have direct access to requirements and the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) team for global validation. We propose to use Knowledge Management techniques to structure the knowledge generated during collaboration activities and harmonize the overall design cycle. Our primary contribution is a unification approach, elaborating how SE, DE, and MDO complement each-other and can be used in synergy for an integrated and continuous design cycle. Our methodology centralizes the product knowledge necessary for collaboration. It ensures traceability of the exchange between disciplinary engineers using graph theory. This formalized process knowledge facilitates MDO problem definition.