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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

A Travel Time Estimation Model for Facility Location on Real Road Networks

Al Adaileh, Mohammad Ali 20 September 2019 (has links)
No description available.
52

Development and Validation of a New Air Carrier Block Time Prediction Model and Methodology

Litvay, Robyn Olson 17 July 2012 (has links)
No description available.
53

Charging time estimation and study of charging behavior for automotive Li-ion battery cells using a Matlab/Simulink model

Wu, Wenzhuo January 2016 (has links)
An accurate estimation of the charging time of an automotive traction battery is possible only with the knowledge of different parameters of the battery and the vehicle. If this information is not available to the driver, the full time needed for charging of the battery may have to be assessed only from experience. A long route planning and estimation of required service life of the vehicle are therefore only roughly possible. Furthermore, with a better knowledge of estimated charging time, better management of public charging stations and better utilization of charging equipment can be achieved. An algorithm based on Matlab/Simulink model is made in the present thesis to estimate the charging time of a Li-ion battery pack which consists of 32 cells with 40 Ah each, as well as to investigate the impact of different cell balancing methods and different charging strategies on charging process. The theoretical background of the battery and charging modelling is investigated and different battery models are compared to get the best trade-off between the model accuracy and computation complexity. In the end, an electrical equivalent circuit model from reference [1], consists of a series resistor and two ZARC elements, is chosen to represent the battery cell. The parameters of the equivalent circuit are updated according to the SOC, current and temperature changes during the charging process. The whole simulation model of the algorithm consists of a charging controller (implementing the charging strategy), cell balancing logic controller, and cell balancing hardware simulation circuit and battery cell models. Different balancing criteria: based on SOC (with PWM drive) and based on terminal voltage (with/without advance) are implemented in the cell balancing logic controller, as well as different balancing windows, to investigate their impact on charging time. As for charging strategy, traditional CCCV is investigated, further investigation is conducted into improved CCCV method. The impact of initial SOC, charging rate and aging factor on charging behavior are investigated as well. Experiment results are validated by the comparison of the results with the ones got from a Hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. / En noggrann estimering av laddtiden hos batterier avsedda för traktionsapplikationer kräver kunskap kring batteriets och dess tillhörande laddsystems parametervärden. Utan tillgång till denna information kan laddtiden endast uppskattas från fordonsägarens tidigare erfarenheter vilket försvårar t.ex. ruttplanering. En estimering av laddtiden med tillräcklig noggrannhet kan även möjliggöra bättre utnyttjade av laddutrusting inklusive nyttjandet av publika laddstationer. I detta examensarbete har en algoritm, implementerad i Matlab/Simulink, för att estimera laddtiden hos ett litiumjonbatteripack bestående av 32 celler på vardera 40 Ah tagits fram. Med hjälp av modellen har olika laddstrategier och metoder för att balansera cellerna studerats. Ett antal olika batterimodeller har jämförts i termer av noggrannhet och krav på beräkningsprestanda. En elektriskt ekvivalent krets från referens [1], bestående av en serieresistans samt två ZARC-element, valdes slutligen för att representera battericellen. Den ekvivalenta kretsens parametrar uppdateras vid förändringar i SOC, ström och temperatur. Hela simuleringsmodellen består av en laddregulator (i vilken laddstrategin är implementerad), cellbalanseringregulator och modeller för cell och cellbalanseringens hårdvara. Ett antal metoder för att balanser cellerna har jämförts med hänsyn till påverkan på den resulterande laddtiden. En traditionell samt modifierad CCCV laddstrategi har implementerats och jämförts med avseende på variationer i inledande SOC, total laddtid samt åldring. Experimentella resultat från en hardware-in-the-loop simulering har använts för att delvis kunna verifiera de framtagna resultaten.
54

Real-Time Estimation of Traffic Stream Density using Connected Vehicle Data

Aljamal, Mohammad Abdulraheem 02 October 2020 (has links)
The macroscopic measure of traffic stream density is crucial in advanced traffic management systems. However, measuring the traffic stream density in the field is difficult since it is a spatial measurement. In this dissertation, several estimation approaches are developed to estimate the traffic stream density on signalized approaches using connected vehicle (CV) data. First, the dissertation introduces a novel variable estimation interval that allows for higher estimation precision, as the updating time interval always contains a fixed number of CVs. After that, the dissertation develops model-driven approaches, such as a linear Kalman filter (KF), a linear adaptive KF (AKF), and a nonlinear Particle filter (PF), to estimate the traffic stream density using CV data only. The proposed model-driven approaches are evaluated using empirical and simulated data, the former of which were collected along a signalized approach in downtown Blacksburg, VA. Results indicate that density estimates produced by the linear KF approach are the most accurate. A sensitivity of the estimation approaches to various factors including the level of market penetration (LMP) of CVs, the initial conditions, the number of particles in the PF approach, traffic demand levels, traffic signal control methods, and vehicle length is presented. Results show that the accuracy of the density estimate increases as the LMP increases. The KF is the least sensitive to the initial traffic density estimate, while the PF is the most sensitive to the initial traffic density estimate. The results also demonstrate that the proposed estimation approaches work better at higher demand levels given that more CVs exist for the same LMP scenario. For traffic signal control methods, the results demonstrate a higher estimation accuracy for fixed traffic signal timings at low traffic demand levels, while the estimation accuracy is better when the adaptive phase split optimizer is activated for high traffic demand levels. The dissertation also investigates the sensitivity of the KF estimation approach to vehicle length, demonstrating that the presence of longer vehicles (e.g. trucks) in the traffic link reduces the estimation accuracy. Data-driven approaches are also developed to estimate the traffic stream density, such as an artificial neural network (ANN), a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and a random forest (RF). The data-driven approaches also utilize solely CV data. Results demonstrate that the ANN approach outperforms the k-NN and RF approaches. Lastly, the dissertation compares the performance of the model-driven and the data-driven approaches, showing that the ANN approach produces the most accurate estimates. However, taking into consideration the computational time needed to train the ANN approach, the large amount of data needed, and the uncertainty in the performance when new traffic behaviors are observed (e.g., incidents), the use of the linear KF approach is highly recommended in the application of traffic density estimation due to its simplicity and applicability in the field. / Doctor of Philosophy / Estimating the number of vehicles (vehicle counts) on a road segment is crucial in advanced traffic management systems. However, measuring the number of vehicles on a road segment in the field is difficult because of the need for installing multiple detection sensors in that road segment. In this dissertation, several estimation approaches are developed to estimate the number of vehicles on signalized roadways using connected vehicle (CV) data. The CV is defined as the vehicle that can share its instantaneous location every time t. The dissertation develops model-driven approaches, such as a linear Kalman filter (KF), a linear adaptive KF (AKF), and a nonlinear Particle filter (PF), to estimate the number of vehicles using CV data only. The proposed model-driven approaches are evaluated using real and simulated data, the former of which were collected along a signalized roadway in downtown Blacksburg, VA. Results indicate that the number of vehicles produced by the linear KF approach is the most accurate. The results also show that the KF approach is the least sensitive approach to the initial conditions. Machine learning approaches are also developed to estimate the number of vehicles, such as an artificial neural network (ANN), a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and a random forest (RF). The machine learning approaches also use CV data only. Results demonstrate that the ANN approach outperforms the k-NN and RF approaches. Finally, the dissertation compares the performance of the model-driven and the machine learning approaches, showing that the ANN approach produces the most accurate estimates. However, taking into consideration the computational time needed to train the ANN approach, the huge amount of data needed, and the uncertainty in the performance when new traffic behaviors are observed (e.g., incidents), the use of the KF approach is highly recommended in the application of vehicle count estimation due to its simplicity and applicability in the field.
55

Travel Time Estimation Using Sparsely Sampled Probe GPS Data in Urban Road Networks Context / Estimation des temps de parcours fondée sur l'utilisation des données éparses de véhicules traceurs dans un contexte urbain

Hadachi, Amnir 31 January 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur le problème de l'estimation des temps de parcours, de véhicules, par section de route dans un contexte urbain, en utilisant les données GPS à faible densité d’échantillon. L'un des défis de cette thèse est d'utiliser ce genre de données. Dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche, j'ai développé une carte numérique avec son nouveau système d'information géographique (SIG), qui traite la problématique du map-matching, où nous avons apporté des améliorations, ainsi que le problème du plus court chemin.La thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet PUMAS (Plate-forme Urbaine de Mobilité Avancée et Soutenable), ce qui est un avantage pour nos recherches en ce qui concerne le processus de collecte de données réelles sur le terrain ainsi que pour faire nos tests. Le projet PUMAS est un projet préindustriel qui a pour objectif d'informer sur la situation du trafic mais également de développer et de mettre en œuvre une plate-forme de mobilité durable afin de l'évaluer dans la région, notamment à Rouen, France. Le résultat offre un cadre pour tout contrôleur de la situation, gestionnaire ou chercheur pour accéder à de vastes réserves de données sur l'estimation du flux du trafic, sur les prévisions et sur l'état du trafic. / This dissertation is concerned with the problem of estimating travel time per links in urban context using sparsely sampled GPS data. One of the challenges in this thesis is use the sparsely sampled data. A part of this research work, i developed a digital map with its new geographic information system (GIS), dealing with map-matching problem, where we come out with an enhancement tecnique, and also the shortest path problem.The thesis research work was conduct within the project PUMAS, which is an avantage for our research regarding the collection process of our data from the real world field and also in making our tests. The project PUMAS (Plate-forme Urbaine de Mobilité Avancée et Soutenable / Urban Platform for Sustainable and Advanced Mobility) is a preindustrial project that has the objective to inform about the traffic situation and also to develop an implement a platform for sustainable mobility in order to evaluate it in the region, specifically Rouen, France. The result is a framework for any traffic controller or manager and also estimation researcher to access vast stores of data about the traffic estimation, forecasting and status.
56

Leaf Area Index (LAI) monitoring at global scale : improved definition, continuity and consistency of LAI estimates from kilometric satellite observations / Suivi de l'indice foliaire (LAI) à l'échelle globale : amélioration de la définition, de la continuité et de la cohérence des estimations de LAI à partir d'observations satellitaires kilometriques

Kandasamy, Sivasathivel 13 March 2013 (has links)
Le suivi des variables biophysiques à l’échelle globale sur de longues périodes de temps est essentiellepour répondre aux nouveaux enjeux que constituent le changement climatique et la sécurité alimentaire. L’indice foliaire (LAI) est une variable de structure définissant la surface d’interception du rayonnement incident et d’échanges gazeux avec l’atmosphère. Le LAI est donc une variable importante des modèles d’écosystèmes et a d’ailleurs été reconnue comme variable climatique essentielle (ECV). Cette thèse a pour objectif de fournir des estimations globales et continues de LAI à partir d’observations satellitaires en temps quasi-réel en réponse aux besoins des utilisateurs pour fournir des diagnostiques et pronostiques de l’état et du fonctionnement de la végétation. Quelques produits LAI sont déjà disponibles mais montrent des désaccords et des limitations en termes de cohérence et de continuité. Cette thèse a pour objectif de lever ces limitations. Dans un premier temps, on essaiera de mieux définir la nature des estimations de LAI à partir d’observations satellitaires. Puis, différentes méthodes de lissage te bouchage des séries temporelles ont été analysées pour réduire le bruit et les discontinuités principalement liées à la couverture nuageuse. Finalement quelques méthodes d’estimation temps quasi réel ont été évaluées en considérant le niveau de bruit et les données manquantes.Les résultats obtenus dans la première partie de cette thèse montrent que la LAI effectif et bien mieux estimé que la valeur réelle de LAI du fait de l’agrégation des feuilles observée au niveau du couvert. L’utilisation d’observations multidirectionnelles n’améliore que marginalement les performances d’estimation. L’étude montre également que les performances d’estimation optimales sont obtenues quand les solutions sont recherchées à l’intérieur d’une enveloppe définie par l’incertitude associée aux mesures radiométriques. Dans la deuxième partie consacrée à l’amélioration de la continuité et la cohérence des séries temporelles, les méthodes basées sur une fenêtre temporelle locale mais de largeur dépendant du nombre d’observations présentes, et utilisant la climatologie comme information a priori s’avèrent les plus intéressantes autorisant également l’estimation en temps quasi réel. / Monitoring biophysical variables at a global scale over long time periods is vital to address the climatechange and food security challenges. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a structure variable giving a measure of the canopysurface for radiation interception and canopy-atmosphere interactions. LAI is an important variable in manyecosystem models and it has been recognized as an Essential Climate Variable. This thesis aims to provide globaland continuous estimates of LAI from satellite observations in near-real time according to user requirements to beused for diagnostic and prognostic evaluations of vegetation state and functioning. There are already someavailable LAI products which show however some important discrepancies in terms of magnitude and somelimitations in terms of continuity and consistency. This thesis addresses these important issues. First, the nature ofthe LAI estimated from these satellite observations was investigated to address the existing differences in thedefinition of products. Then, different temporal smoothing and gap filling methods were analyzed to reduce noiseand discontinuities in the time series mainly due to cloud cover. Finally, different methods for near real timeestimation of LAI were evaluated. Such comparison assessment as a function of the level of noise and gaps werelacking for LAI.Results achieved within the first part of the thesis show that the effective LAI is more accurately retrievedfrom satellite data than the actual LAI due to leaf clumping in the canopies. Further, the study has demonstratedthat multi-view observations provide only marginal improvements on LAI retrieval. The study also found that foroptimal retrievals the size of the uncertainty envelope over a set of possible solutions to be approximately equal tothat in the reflectance measurements. The results achieved in the second part of the thesis found the method withlocally adaptive temporal window, depending on amount of available observations and Climatology as backgroundestimation to be more robust to noise and missing data for smoothing, gap-filling and near real time estimationswith satellite time series.
57

Trouble Tickets resolution time estimation : The Design of a Solution for a Real Case Scenario / Uppskattning av tiden för lösning av problembiljetter : Utformning av en lösning för ett verkligt scenario

Colella, Riccardo January 2021 (has links)
Internet Service Providers are companies that deliver services managing a complex network of apparatus and cables. Given the complexity of the network, it often happens that alarms are generated. When a problem within the network occurs, a ticket is issued from an alarm and the company starts to supervise it to manage the situation and solve the problem. This work aims to present how can be designed a system that estimates how much time will the trouble ticket take to be solved. The situation is presented within the context of a real case scenario and takes into consideration how the involved company processes the available information and manages the problem. The achieved result is pursued by the company to deliver the information to the final customer that will be able to understand how much time the problem he is facing is going to take before it will be solved. This work will focus on estimating the resolution time for a subset of all the tickets: those that are classified as low priority network problems. The work started with a study of the company that led to the understanding of the available information about the problem, then it focused on the understanding of the procedure adopted by the company to face the solution. It studies the processes that lie behind the ticket creation, the alarm generation and the human intervention, and it concludes with the design of the proposed solution. The proposed solution leverages the company’s processes to produce a result as valuable as possible given the specific use case. / Internetleverantörer är företag som tillhandahåller tjänster genom att hantera ett komplext nätverk av apparater och kablar. Med tanke på nätets komplexitet händer det ofta att larm genereras. När ett problem i nätverket uppstår utfärdas en biljett från ett larm och företaget börjar övervaka det för att hantera situationen och lösa problemet. Syftet med detta arbete är att presentera hur man kan utforma ett system som uppskattar hur lång tid det kommer att ta att lösa problemet. Situationen presenteras inom ramen för ett verkligt scenario och tar hänsyn till hur det berörda företaget behandlar den tillgängliga informationen och hanterar problemet. Företaget strävar efter att leverera information till slutkunden som kan förstå hur lång tid det kommer att ta innan problemet är löst. Detta arbete kommer att inriktas på att uppskatta lösningstiden för en delmängd av alla biljetter: de som klassificeras som nätproblem med låg prioritet. Arbetet inleddes med en studie av företaget som ledde till att man förstod den tillgängliga informationen om problemet, och sedan fokuserade man på att förstå det förfarande som företaget använde för att lösa problemet. Det studeras vilka processer som ligger bakom skapandet av biljetter, alarmeringen och det mänskliga ingripandet, och det avslutas med utformningen av den föreslagna lösningen. Den föreslagna lösningen utnyttjar företagets processer för att ge ett så värdefullt resultat som möjligt med tanke på det specifika användningsfallet.
58

Augmenting Collective Expert Networks to Improve Service Level Compliance

Moharreri, Kayhan January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
59

Water quality-based real time control of combined sewer systems / Gestion en temps réel des réseaux d’assainissement unitaires basée sur la qualité de l’eau

Ly, Duy Khiem 28 May 2019 (has links)
La gestion en temps réel (GTR) est considérée comme une solution économiquement efficace pour réduire les déversements par temps de pluie car elle optimise la capacité disponible des réseaux d'assainissement. La GTR permet d'éviter la construction de volumes de rétention supplémentaires, d'augmenter l'adaptabilité du réseau aux changements de politiques de gestion de l'eau et surtout d'atténuer l'impact environnemental des déversoirs d'orage. À la suite de l'intérêt croissant pour la GTR fondée sur la qualité de l'eau (QBR), cette thèse démontre une stratégie simple et efficace pour les charges polluantes déversées par temps de pluie. La performance de la stratégie QBR, basée sur la prédiction des courbes masse-volume (MV), est évaluée par comparaison avec une stratégie typique de GTR à base hydraulique (HBR). Une étude de validation de principe est d'abord réalisée sur un petit bassin versant de 205 ha pour tester le nouveau concept de QBR en utilisant 31 événements pluvieux sur une période de deux ans. Par rapport à HBR, QBR offre une réduction des charges déversées pour plus d'un tiers des événements, avec des réductions de 3 à 43 %. La stratégie QBR est ensuite mise en oeuvre sur le bassin versant de Louis Fargue (7700 ha) à Bordeaux, France et comparée à nouveau à la stratégie HBR. En implémentant QBR sur 19 événements pluvieux sur 15 mois, ses performances sont constantes et apportent des avantages précieux par rapport à HBR, 17 des 19 événements ayant une réduction de charge variant entre 6 et 28.8 %. La thèse évalue en outre l'impact de l'incertitude de prédiction de la courbe MV (due à l'incertitude de prédiction du modèle) sur la performance de la stratégie QBR, en utilisant un événement pluvieux représentatif. La marge d'incertitude qui en résulte est faible. En outre, l'étude de sensibilité montre que le choix de la stratégie QBR ou HBR doit tenir compte des dimensions réelles des bassins et de leur emplacement sur le bassin versant. / Real time control (RTC) is considered as a cost-efficient solution for combined sewer overflow (CSO) reduction as it optimises the available capacity of sewer networks. RTC helps to prevent the need for construction of additional retention volumes, increases the network adaptability to changes in water management policies, and above all alleviates the environmental impact of CSOs. Following increasing interest in water quality-based RTC (QBR), this thesis demonstrates a simple and nothing-to-lose QBR strategy to reduce the amount of CSO loads during storm events. The performance of the QBR strategy, based on Mass-Volume (MV) curves prediction, is evaluated by comparison to a typical hydraulics-based RTC (HBR) strategy. A proof-of-concept study is first performed on a small catchment of 205 ha to test the new QBR concept using 31 storm events during a two-year period. Compared to HBR, QBR delivers CSO load reduction for more than one third of the events, with reduction values from 3 to 43 %. The QBR strategy is then implemented on the Louis Fargue catchment (7700 ha) in Bordeaux, France and similarly compared with the HBR strategy. By implementing QBR on 19 storm events over 15 months, its performance is consistent, bringing valuable benefits over HBR, with 17 out of 19 events having load reduction varying between 6 and 28.8 %. The thesis further evaluates the impact of MV curve prediction uncertainty (due to model prediction uncertainty) on the performance of the QBR strategy, using a representative storm event. The resulting range of uncertainty is limited. Besides, results of the sensitivity study show that the choice of the QBR or HBR strategy should take into account the current tank volumes and their locations within the catchment.
60

On choice models in the context of MDPs

Mohammadpour, Sobhan 10 1900 (has links)
Cette thèse se penche sur les modèles de choix, des distributions sur des ensembles d'alternatives. Les modèles de choix sur les processus décisionnels de Markov (MDP) peuvent décomposer de très grands espaces alternatifs en procédures étape par étape conçues pour non seulement combattre la malédiction de la dimensionnalité mais aussi pour mieux refléter la dynamique sous-jacente. La première partie est consacrée à l'estimation du temps de trajet dans le cadre de la modélisation du choix de chemin. Les modèles de choix de chemin sont des modèles de choix sur l'ensemble des chemins utilisés pour modéliser le flux de circulation. Intuitivement, le temps de trajet est l'une des caractéristiques les plus importantes lors du choix des chemins, mais les temps de trajet ne sont pas toujours connus. En revanche, le cadre classique suppose que ces deux étapes sont séquentielles, car les temps de trajet des arcs font partie de l'entrée du processus d'estimation du choix de chemin. Pourtant, les interdépendances complexes signifient que ce modèle de choix de chemin peut complémenter toute observation lors de l'estimation des temps de trajet. Nous construisons un modèle statistique pour l'estimation du temps de trajet et proposons de marginaliser les caractéristiques non observées. En utilisant ces idées, nous montrons que nous sommes capables d'apprendre des modèles de choix de chemin sans observer de chemins réels et à différentes granularités. La deuxième partie se concentre sur les échecs des MDP régularisés et comment la régularisation peut avoir des effets secondaires inattendus, tels que la divergence dans les chemins stochastiques les plus courts ou des fonctions de valeur déraisonnablement grandes. Les MDP régularisés ne sont rien d'autre qu'une application des modèles de choix aux MDP. Ils sont utilisés dans l'apprentissage par renforcement (RL) pour obtenir, entre autres choses, un modèle de choix sur les trajectoires possibles pour l'apprentissage par renforcement inverse, transférer des connaissances préalables au modèle, ou obtenir des politiques qui exploitent tous les objectifs dans l'environnement. Ces effets secondaires sont exacerbés dans les espaces d'action dépendants de l'état. Comme mesure d'atténuation, nous introduisons deux transformations potentielles, et nous évaluons leur performance sur un problème de conception de médicaments. / This thesis delves on choice models, distributions on sets of alternatives. Choice models on Markov decision processes (MDPs) can break down very large alternative spaces into step-by-step procedures designed to not only tackle the curse of dimensionality but also to reflect the underlying dynamics better. The first part is devoted to travel time estimation as part of path choice modeling. Path choice models are choice models on the set of paths used to model traffic flow. Intuitively, travel time is one of the more important features when choosing paths, yet travel times are not always known. In contrast, the classical setting assumes that these two steps are sequential, as arc travel times are part of the input of the path choice estimation process. Yet the intricate interdependences mean that that path choice model can complement any observation when estimating travel times. We build a statistical model for travel time estimation and propose marginalizing the unobserved features. Using these ideas, we show that we are able to learn path choice models without observing actual paths and at different granularity. The second part focuses on the failings of regularized MDPs and how regularization may have unexpected side effects, such as divergence in stochastic shortest paths or unreasonably large value functions. Regularized MDPs are nothing but an application of choice models to MDPs. They are used in reinforcement learning (RL) to get, among other things, a choice model on possible trajectories for inverse reinforcement learning, transfer prior knowledge to the model, or to get policies that exploit all goals in the environment. These side effects are exacerbated in state-dependent action spaces. As a mitigation, we introduce two potential transformations, and we benchmark their performance on a drug design problem.

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