Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-02T17:19:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eliseu Pereira de Brito - 2016.pdf: 7408438 bytes, checksum: 213b9f2628c43354743987f391be8a02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T15:31:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eliseu Pereira de Brito - 2016.pdf: 7408438 bytes, checksum: 213b9f2628c43354743987f391be8a02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-13T15:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eliseu Pereira de Brito - 2016.pdf: 7408438 bytes, checksum: 213b9f2628c43354743987f391be8a02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-07 / This thesis has as its central theme the identity forged in the territorial relations, discussed under the bias of Human Geography. Territory and identity were analyzed in order to seek answers to the central research problem on the existence of a “territorial tocantinense identity”. This study aimed to analyze the constitution of territorial identity in the interface with territory formation as identification and differentiation of/in the spaces by multiple tocantinenses subjects. The approach proposed in the thesis is a qualitative study, using primary and secondary sources, interviews, historical documents and census information. We used techniques from Diagnóstico Rural Participativo – DRP for data collection through interviews and description of Tocantins’ landscapes in fieldwork. Such data were read by means of discourse analysis based on Nogueira (2001), and the territory was interpreted with basis on geosymbolism proposed by Bonnemaison (1987). It was considered that the first rupture of the territory of Goiás was in 1736, and it was the main framework of the territorial differentiation process. Ruptures in 1809 and 1821 were the result of a non-unified goiana identity. The subjects of the north of Goiás started to be called the nortenses by those from the south, who, in turn, were called the goianos. The territorial singularities created in the midst of a different world in the north of Goiás intensified over the XIX and XX centuries, and in 1956, under the Feliciano Braga command in Porto Nacional, the nortenses became the tocantinenses, which resulted in the creation of the state of Tocantins, in 1988. The mobility through the territory, the paths, places of work and leisure had their importance identified within in the formation of Tocantins’ territorial identity. Therefore, the Tocantins territorial identity is multiple and open to new territorial content, which forms a diachrony in the process. But also, there is a temporal duration of the identity process, which we identified as a persistence / Esta tese tem como temática central a identidade forjada nas relações territoriais, discutida sob o viés da Geografia Humana. Território e identidade foram analisados a fim de buscar respostas ao problema central da pesquisa sobre a existência de uma “identidade territorial tocantinense”. Objetivou-se analisar a constituição da identidade territorial na interface da formação do território enquanto identificação e diferenciação dos/nos espaços por múltiplos sujeitos tocantinenses. A abordagem proposta na tese é de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com uso de fontes primárias e secundárias, entrevistas, documentos históricos e informações censitárias. Utilizou-se de técnicas do Diagnóstico Rural Participativo – DRP para coletas de informações por meio de entrevistas e para descrição da paisagem tocantinense, em campo. Essas informações foram lidas por meio da análise do discurso em Nogueira (2001) e o território foi interpretado como uma trama geossimbólica, conforme proposto por Bonnemaison (1987). Considerou-se que a primeira cisão do território goiano foi em 1736, sendo esta o marco principal do processo de diferenciação territorial. As rupturas de 1809 e 1821 foram resultado de uma não identidade goiana unificada. Os sujeitos do norte de Goiás passaram a ser chamados de nortenses em relação aos do sul, chamados, por sua vez, de goianos. As singularidades territoriais criadas no bojo de um mundo diferenciado no norte de Goiás se intensificaram ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX e, em 1956, sob o comando de Feliciano Braga, em Porto Nacional, os nortenses foram denominados de tocantinenses, intento que permaneceu com a criação do Tocantins, em 1988. A mobilidade espacial, os caminhos, os lugares do trabalho e do ócio foram identificados sua importância na formação da identidade territorial tocantinense. Para tanto, a identidade territorial tocantinense é múltipla e aberta a novos conteúdos territoriais, o que forma uma diacronia no processo. Mas, também, há uma duração temporal do processo identitário, identificado na tese como identidade de persistência.

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Orientador: Reginaldo José Donatelli / Resumo: Pontos de contagem é um método atrativo para utilização em programas de monitoramento de aves por ser simples e permitir que vários locais sejam amostrados. Contudo, nos estudos realizados em regiões tropicais utilizando-se deste método, os autores utilizam a variável "tempo" de forma diferente para registrar a abundância das aves nos fragmentos florestais. Portanto, os dados obtidos por estes diferentes estudos não podem ser comparados entre si, pois o tempo gasto nos pontos e o tempo total das contagens diferem significativamente, assim como as distâncias percorridas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de comparar quatro durações de tempos distintas (5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos) para identificar qual destas registra maior riqueza e abundância de aves em fragmentos de florestas tropicais. As amostragens foram realizadas durante 12 meses em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual de 2.180 ha no interior de São Paulo. Um total de 120 minutos de amostragem foi realizado a cada mês para cada tempo distinto, o que exigiu um número diferente de pontos amostrais e uma diferente distância total percorrida na floresta. Com relação à riqueza e abundância, os testes estatísticos evidenciaram que o tempo de cinco minutos apresentou resultados que diferem significativamente dos outros tempos (10’, 15’ e 20’). Além disso, houve uma correlação positiva entre as diferentes distâncias percorridas e a abundância registrada, ou seja, quanto maior a distância percorrida, mai... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Point counts are attractive for use in avian monitoring programs because they are straightforward and allow numerous geographic sites to be sampled. However, in studies conducted with the point count method in tropical regions, authors use the variable "time" differently to record the abundance of birds in forest remnants. Therefore, the data obtained by different studies cannot be compared since the time spent at the points and the total counting time differ significantly, as do the distances traveled. The objective of the present study was to compare four distinct point count times (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) to identify which registers relatively greater bird richness and abundance in tropical forest fragments. Samplings were carried out for 12 months in a 2,180 ha fragment of semideciduous forest in the interior of the state of São Paulo. A total of 120 minutes of sampling was carried out each month for each counting time, which required a different number of counting points and a different total distance traveled in the forest. With respect to richness and abundance, the statistical tests showed that five minutes of counting yielded results that were significantly different from those of the other point count times. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the different distances traveled and the recorded abundance, i.e., the greater the distance traveled, the greater the richness and abundance. One aspect of community ecology that must be considered is that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Raphael Whitacker Gerotti null (raphovisky@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-23T13:48:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Raphael W. - FIM 23.08.2017.pdf: 1154964 bytes, checksum: bbbd1d8b08a0c57ea8f840af0890760b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-23T17:30:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gerotti_rw_me_bot.pdf: 1154964 bytes, checksum: bbbd1d8b08a0c57ea8f840af0890760b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T17:30:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gerotti_rw_me_bot.pdf: 1154964 bytes, checksum: bbbd1d8b08a0c57ea8f840af0890760b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Pontos de contagem é um método atrativo para utilização em programas de monitoramento de aves por ser simples e permitir que vários locais sejam amostrados. Contudo, nos estudos realizados em regiões tropicais utilizando-se deste método, os autores utilizam a variável "tempo" de forma diferente para registrar a abundância das aves nos fragmentos florestais. Portanto, os dados obtidos por estes diferentes estudos não podem ser comparados entre si, pois o tempo gasto nos pontos e o tempo total das contagens diferem significativamente, assim como as distâncias percorridas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de comparar quatro durações de tempos distintas (5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos) para identificar qual destas registra maior riqueza e abundância de aves em fragmentos de florestas tropicais. As amostragens foram realizadas durante 12 meses em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual de 2.180 ha no interior de São Paulo. Um total de 120 minutos de amostragem foi realizado a cada mês para cada tempo distinto, o que exigiu um número diferente de pontos amostrais e uma diferente distância total percorrida na floresta. Com relação à riqueza e abundância, os testes estatísticos evidenciaram que o tempo de cinco minutos apresentou resultados que diferem significativamente dos outros tempos (10’, 15’ e 20’). Além disso, houve uma correlação positiva entre as diferentes distâncias percorridas e a abundância registrada, ou seja, quanto maior a distância percorrida, maior a riqueza e abundância registradas. Um aspecto da ecologia da comunidade que deve ser levado em consideração é que as espécies são distribuídas de forma heterogênea em uma floresta, pois diferentes espécies de plantas e diferentes padrões na fisionomia da floresta proporcionam diferentes tipos de micro-hábitats para aves. Quando se utiliza um maior número de pontos de amostragem, espera-se encontrar uma maior heterogeneidade da floresta, portanto, a maior riqueza registrada pela contagem de cinco minutos está associada a um maior número de pontos necessários para isolar a variável tempo. Outro fator importante é a variação encontrada nos valores do Índice Pontual de Abundância amostrados. A menor variação e consequente maior poder estatístico ocorreu na contagem mais curta (5’ minutos), indicando que o tempo é o mais eficiente para atingir os objetivos propostos. É importante ressaltar que este período de tempo exigiu quatro meses a menos para registrar o mesmo número de espécies que as outras contagens. No oitavo mês de amostragem, o tempo de cinco minutos já acumulava 119 espécies, valor maior que a riqueza total obtida com os outros tempos. Portanto, ao utilizar o método de pontos de contagem para analisar a estrutura da comunidade de aves em fragmentos florestais, o melhor resultado foi alcançado com a contagem de cinco minutos. Este tempo provou ser mais eficiente por detectar maior riqueza e abundância com menor esforço amostral, além de aumentar a chance de se registrar novas espécies devido ao maior número de pontos realizados em um maior número de micro-hábitats na floresta. / Point counts are attractive for use in avian monitoring programs because they are straightforward and allow numerous geographic sites to be sampled. However, in studies conducted with the point count method in tropical regions, authors use the variable "time" differently to record the abundance of birds in forest remnants. Therefore, the data obtained by different studies cannot be compared since the time spent at the points and the total counting time differ significantly, as do the distances traveled. The objective of the present study was to compare four distinct point count times (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) to identify which registers relatively greater bird richness and abundance in tropical forest fragments. Samplings were carried out for 12 months in a 2,180 ha fragment of semideciduous forest in the interior of the state of São Paulo. A total of 120 minutes of sampling was carried out each month for each counting time, which required a different number of counting points and a different total distance traveled in the forest. With respect to richness and abundance, the statistical tests showed that five minutes of counting yielded results that were significantly different from those of the other point count times. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the different distances traveled and the recorded abundance, i.e., the greater the distance traveled, the greater the richness and abundance. One aspect of community ecology that must be considered is that species are distributed heterogeneously in a continuous forest because different plant species and different patterns in the terrain of the forest provide different microhabitats for birds. When a greater number of sampling points is used, greater forest heterogeneity is expected; therefore, the greater richness recorded by the five-minute counts is associated with a greater number of points needed to isolate the time variable. Another important factor is the variation in the sampling rates; the lowest variation, and consequently greater statistical power, occurred in the shortest count (5′), indicating that this counting time is effective for meeting the proposed objectives. Importantly, this counting time required four fewer months to record the same number of species as the other times. By the eighth month of sampling, the five-minute count had accumulated 119 species, which was higher than the total richness obtained with the other times. Therefore, when using the point method to analyze the community structure of birds in forest fragments, the best result was achieved with the five-minute count. This time proved to be more efficient because it detected greater richness and abundance with a lower sampling effort and increased the chance of registering new species due to the higher number of sampling points over a larger number of microhabitats in the forest.

I am working with software in academia for more than an decade and I had the "Moment" quite often. Palladio appeared just like an ordinary tool to solve my problem. Then, I changed a single parameter of my simulation---some hours later we hunted for a bug in the depths of Palladio. Based on the open source development model of Palladio and a very elegant structure of the source code, we were able to find the root cause of the problem very fast. To start fixing the problem, we "just" had to know when---in simulation time---a measurement of the SimuLizar simulator is valid. This paper summarizes our technical and philosophical discussions that ware needed to make Palladio deliver correct results and not to get lost in the depths of time and duration.

The dissertation thesis deals mainly with determining of the duration that driver needs to assess the situation behind his vehicle at manoeuvers of turning and overtaking, based on the measurements made in real road traffic. These are common and frequent driving manoeuvers, which the driver performs while driving the vehicle in regular road traffic. For their safe execution the driver needs to have sufficient amount of information about the situation around the vehicle and especially behind the vehicle. This information can driver usually gain from devices for indirect vision, most often rear view mirrors. The time thus defined, suitable e.g for the needs of forensic engineering applications for the analysis of road accidents, has not been studied in detail yet. For the purpose of its determination, therefore, an extensive analysis of the current state of problematics related to the indirect vision from the vehicle was carried out. There were formulated influences on the time duration and with this related characteristics of humans as a part of the driver-vehicle-environment system in the thesis. The characteristics of human perception were investigated and the problematics of reaction time was discussed. Existing research focused on the duration of rear view mirrors glances was analyzed and possible methods of its measurement in detail were presented by author. Based on this, an experiment was designed and realized, the time necessary for rear view mirror glances was defined by the author. The results enable to quantify the time that the driver needs for assessing the situation behind the vehicle in connection of turning, overtaking and other driving manoeuvers when the driver needs to change the driving direction. The conclusions showed that the time needed to evaluate the situation behind the vehicle by means of the rear-view mirrors does not normally exceed duration 1 second.