Dans un contexte de compréhension du temps-espace, l'environnement habituel, celui qui est la conception clef dans la définition traditionnelle du tourisme, est très difficile à être défini. Néanmoins, les activités de tourisme et des loisirs dans le milieu urbain ont de relations proches, dans les deux aspects : celui de la demande et celui de l'offre. Par conséquent, dans une étude empirique, bien comme dans le cadre d'élaboration de politiques, il y a de nécessités d'intégration du tourisme et de l'étude du loisir dans un contexte urbain. La thèse essaie de construire un cadre conceptuel appelé de “la mobilité tourisme-loisir” basé sur la ville, ancré sur la discrimination de concepts dans les études de tourisme et des loisirs. Cette étude veut offrir quelques suggestions pour les villes chinoises en ayant comme référence l'expérience des pays européens. Trois questions seront discutées : quel est le mécanisme de la mobilité tourisme-loisir ? Quelles sortes d'impact peuvent avoir la mobilité tourisme-loisir sur la ville ? Et quelle réaction la ville devrait pendre en compte ? Le mécanisme de la mobilité tourisme-loisir est discuté en quatre aspects : de la demande, de l'offre, du modèle d'espace et des tendances de développement. La thèse conclue que la demande en mobilité tourisme-loisir va vite grandir en Chine. Les acteurs des voyages tourisme-loisir diffèrent sensiblement par trajet, ce qui devrait être la base des plans de transport touristique. En général, les villes chinoises devraient beau faire pour l'optimisation de l'offre des ressources du tourisme-loisir. La thèse analyse le modèle d'espace de la mobilité tourisme-loisir dans les niveaux de la région et de la ville. Les tendances de la mobilité tourisme-loisir dans une compréhension du contexte temps et espace ont été également étudiées. Le développement de la mobilité tourisme-loisir a un impact évident sur le milieu physique des villes. Le développement cause aussi une compétition intensive entre les villes d'une région de taille plus importante, ce qui fait croître des nouvelles demandes pour les villes. Pour remplir la demande des résidents locaux et des visiteurs, l'aménagement urbain devrait consacrer l'optimisation de la structure fonctionnelle urbaine, des espaces publics urbains, et du réseau de transport urbain. La promotion politique a incité le succès du tourisme urbain au sein des pays européens. Pourtant, plusieurs villes ont renforcé les politiques de régulation lorsque le tourisme a été développé à un certain niveau. Quelques politiques communes dans les villes européennes sont essentielles pour la prospérité du tourisme et du développement du loisir dans les villes chinoises. Pour faire face aux défis posés par le développement de la mobilité tourisme-loisir, la thèse présente quelques suggestions pour les villes chinoises, à partir de quatre aspects appelés de recherche en tourisme-loisir, la coordination du tourisme urbain et des institutions d'aménagement urbain, la politique urbaine et la formulation de la planification urbaine. Puisque la ville est de plus en plus partagée par les visiteurs et par les résidents locaux, l'aménagement urbain traditionnel devrait être ajusté, ce qui sert plutôt aux locaux. L'aménagement urbain devrait faire une ville favorable aux résidants et également aux visiteurs, de la politique de l'usage du sol aux services publics. En attendant, l'aménagement urbain devrait travailler pour construire une ville plus attractive / In a time-space compression background, the usual environment, which is the key conception in traditional tourism definition, is much difficult to be defined. Meanwhile, the tourism and recreation activities in urban background have close relations, in both aspects of demand and supply. Therefore, in empirical study as well as in policy-making, there are necessities of integration of tourism and recreation study in the urban background. The dissertation tries to construct a conceptual framework called tourism-recreation mobility based on city, on the basis of discrimination of conceptions in tourism and recreation study. Meanwhile, this study wants to offer some suggestions for Chinese cities by referring to experience of European countries. There are three problems discussed: What is the mechanism of tourism-recreation mobility? What kinds of the impacts of tourism-recreation mobility on city? What should city do? The mechanism of tourism-recreation mobility is discussed from four aspects: demand, supply, and space pattern and development trends. The dissertation concludes that the demand of tourism-recreation mobility will increase fast in China. The characters of tourism/recreation trip differ substantially from commuting, which should be the basis of tourism transportation plan. Generally speaking, Chinese cities should devote much to the optimization of tourism-recreation resources supply. The dissertation analyzes the space pattern of tourism-recreation mobility from region and city levels. The trends of tourism-recreation mobility in time-space compression background have also been studied. The development of tourism-recreation mobility has obvious impact on physical environment of cities. The development also causes intensive competition between cities in a larger area, which rises new demand for cities. To fulfill the demand of both residents and visitors, urban planning should devote to the optimization of urban functional structure, urban public space and urban transportation system. Promotion policy induced the prosperity of urban tourism in European countries. On the other hand, many cities rise regulation policy when tourism developing to a certain stage. Some common policies in European cities are essential for the general prosperity of tourism and fine quality of resident's recreation, which could be reference for urban tourism and recreation development in Chinese cities. To face the challenges raised by the development of tourism-recreation mobility, the dissertation submits several suggestions for Chinese cities, from four aspects named as tourism-recreation research, coordination of urban tourism and urban planning institutions, urban policy and urban planning formulation. Since the city is more and more shared by visitors and residents, the traditional urban planning should be adjusted, which serves mainly for the residents. Urban planning should make city more favorable for both residents and visitors, from land-use to facilities. Meanwhile, urban planning should devote to build a more attractive city

This study was conceptualized from my own experience working on board cruise ships and from the lack of studies of relationships on board cruise ships. This thesis examines the question: how does globalization in the form of accelerated capitalism and inter- connectedness through the sharing of food and drink across national identities that takes place in the space of cruise ships affect intimate relationships of cruise employees? Through the examinations of narratives of nine ex-crewmembers, developed through qualitative interviews, by using both the phenomenological and narrative methodology a couple of prominent themes appeared. The interviewees described working on a cruise ship as “intense” and the passage of time appears faster on board ship. It appears throughout the narratives, the nature of accelerated capitalism in the cruise ship industry affects the way the majority conduct their relationships.

This study was conceptualized from my own experience working on board cruise ships and from the lack of studies of relationships on board cruise ships. This thesis examines the question: how does globalization in the form of accelerated capitalism and inter- connectedness through the sharing of food and drink across national identities that takes place in the space of cruise ships affect intimate relationships of cruise employees? Through the examinations of narratives of nine ex-crewmembers, developed through qualitative interviews, by using both the phenomenological and narrative methodology a couple of prominent themes appeared. The interviewees described working on a cruise ship as “intense” and the passage of time appears faster on board ship. It appears throughout the narratives, the nature of accelerated capitalism in the cruise ship industry affects the way the majority conduct their relationships.

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My dissertation, “Problemáticas del espacio en la narrativa hispanoamericana contemporánea (1990-2010)” [Problematics of Space in Contemporary Spanish American Narrative (1990-2010)], focuses on the concept of space and its articulations in a diverse corpus of written and visual narratives by contemporary Latin American authors. The problematics of spaciality are analyzed within the specific time period encompassing the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a period in which space has emerged as an important category for understanding the present. The “spatial turn”, proposed and analyzed by Michel Foucault, David Harvey, and Edward Soja, assumes that space has become a more relevant analytical category than time, due to the emergence of new technologies and media, new forms of capital flow, and because of the preeminence of the image in contemporary times. Following Henri Lefebvre’s foundational proposal, I understand space in relation to social formation and as a product of human practices rather than as an a priori category or an abstract geometrical notion independent of subjectivity and human agency. Within this framework, the problematics of space are analyzed in a corpus that includes the novels Amuleto (1999) by Roberto Bolaño, La virgen de los sicarios (1994) by Fernando Vallejo, and El asco. Thomas Bernhard en San Salvador (1997) by Horacio Castellanos Moya, and two films, Los rubios (2003) directed by Albertina Carri, and La teta asustada (2009) by Claudia Llosa. The first chapter of the dissertation lays out the theoretical framework of the concept of space and the specific socio-economical characteristics of the studied time period. The second chapter analyzes the enclosed space of Amuleto in the context of Mexico’s 1968 Tlatelolco Massacre, and proposes that a “space of the abyss” emerges with the death of a Latin American generation and the fall of the utopias in the 1960s. The third chapter compares and contrasts the films La teta asustada and Los rubios with respect to the theme of postmemory in the periods following the internal conflict in Peru and the military dictatorship in Argentina. The “space of postmemory” that arises in both films relates to the interplay between the absence/presence of the bodies of the parents – who lived the traumatic events – and the second generation that inherits the trauma. The fourth chapter examines the “spaces of escape” that emerge from La virgen de los sicarios and El asco as a possibility of escape for protagonists who face collapsed cities and states: Medellin after the death of Pablo Escobar, and San Salvador after the end of the Civil War. The three configurations of space that arise from the corpus – “space of the abyss”, “space of postmemory”, and “space of escape” – articulate crucial issues of contemporary Latin America such as the fall of modernizing utopias, trauma, postmemory, disenchantment, and the failure of the liberal state. They also bring to light three key features of contemporary spatiality: the individualization of spaces pointing to individualism as a necessary condition for new fluxes of capitalism; the reduction of diegetic spaces that relates to the concept of time-space compression proposed to account for the spatial changes of the studied period; and the appearance of spaces of refuge as a general response to the ephemeral conditions of the present. / Spanish

nÃo hà / A experiÃncia urbana de espaÃo e de tempo na literatura do escritor Caio Fernando Abreu à o objeto de estudo dessa dissertaÃÃo. As experiÃncias subjetivas gestadas na cultura de consumo em que vivemos deflagram modos de pensar, agir, sentir e amar articulados Ãs percepÃÃes de tempo e espaÃo do sujeito contemporÃneo. Nomadismo, errÃncia, solidÃo, narcisismo e impulsividade sÃo algumas das caracterÃsticas deste sujeito. O tempo à mais acelerado e o espaÃo mais compactado de modo que a velocidade forÃada a que somos submetidos nos leva Ãs psicopatologias contemporÃneas tÃpicas do ritmo de vida das grandes cidades. As formas de sociabilidade contemporÃneas ganham laÃos mais tÃnues, tendo em vista que a cultura hoje enfatiza valores como a descartabilidade, o presente imediato, a emergÃncia, o imediatismo das aÃÃes e a compulsÃo. A percepÃÃo, a atenÃÃo e a memÃria sÃo transformadas num contexto histÃrico-cultural e individual-coletivo, de tal maneira que a interpretaÃÃo da realidade e a consciÃncia que o sujeito tem do mundo sofre significativas transformaÃÃes. A literatura de Caio Fernando Abreu apresenta as diferentes faces dos processos de subjetivaÃÃo contemporÃneos em personagens, enredos e cenÃrios figurativos da experiÃncia urbana globalizada, lanÃando um olhar particularmente revelador de tais condiÃÃes no contexto brasileiro. Com efeito, seus contos, romances e seu epistolÃrio desvelam uma crÃtica social profunda à cultura contemporÃnea na tematizaÃÃo do espectro de situaÃÃes nefastas em que està mergulhado o indivÃduo no final do sÃculo XX. De modo mais incisivo, seus textos pensam as peculiaridades da experiÃncia do brasileiro contemporÃneo ligadas, entre outros fatores, à inserÃÃo perifÃrica do paÃs ao capitalismo, aos rumos da polÃtica nacional desde a ditadura militar e Ãs vivÃncias mais subjetivas em termos de valores, utopias, visÃes de vida e de arte para o escritor e para sua geraÃÃo. O resultado à uma literatura que guarda traÃos da âcontraculturaâ e do âpÃs-modernismoâ, tanto em termos temÃticos como nas formas de narrar. / This essay discusses contemporary urban experience as presented in the fiction of Brazilian Writer Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996) with special attention to his imagery of time and space. The experience of individuals living in a consumer society produces particular modes of thought, action, feeling and loving which are related to contemporary perceptions of time and space. Errantry, loneliness, narcissism and impulsivity are some of the psychological features of postmodern subjectivity. Accelerated time and compact space developed/emerged specially in the second half of twentieth century along with new technologies of communication and transport seem connected to the new psychopathologies observed in typical contemporary urban life. Todayâs social patterns gain fragile ties due to the reinforcement of values like dischargeability, emphasis on immediate present time and compulsion. Perception, attention and memory have changed according to substantial transformations in the historical and cultural context of late capitalism and these changes also occur on the levels of individual and collective conscience and interpretation of reality. Abreuâs literature present the various faces of contemporary processes of production of subjectivity in characters, plots and scenarios which represent global urban experience, with particular focus on Brazilian context and conditions of modernization. In fact his short-stories, novels and personal letters reveal deep social criticism to grievous situations in which individuals at the end of the century find themselves. Particularly his texts reflect on the singularities of Brazilian globalization experience which involve broad aspects broad aspects like the peripherical insertion of the nation in capitalism and some political paths that led to military dictatorship, as well as more intimate and subjective experiences figured in terms of values, dreams, fears, points of view of life and art shared by the writer and his generation. The result is a literature that reveals traits of countercultural and postmodernist tendencies in its themes and forms of narration.

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