Many challenges still exist in the empirical measurement of population size or density of burrow-nesting procellariiforms. Although reasonable precision of burrow occupancy estimates can be achieved with 10-15 transect (20 entrances per transect) per site, unknown levels of bias in burrow occupancy estimates currently prevents reliable estimation of burrow-nesting procellariiform abundance or harvest rates. Because it is unlikely that biases in burrow occupancy are similar among colonies, valid comparisons among sites may require estimates of absolute abundance rather than relative measures of burrow occupancy. The reliability and precision of matrix models for procellariids will depend primarily on the reliability and precision of adult survival estimates. Sensitivities, elasticities and uncertainties of population growth rate to demographic parameters for models with differing structures and parameterisations showed an overwhelming importance of adult survival in determining population growth rate and results of perturbation analyses. Estimates of adult survival should be a primary focus of any procellariid research program involving assessment of population status, or questions of population response to perturbations. Juvenile survival, pre-breeder survival and emigration rates were also shown to be relatively important in determining population growth rate and perturbation analyses. The sensitivity and elasticity of population growth rate to survival rates for all immature stages combined were similar in magnitude to the sensitivity and elasticity of population growth rate to survival rates for fecund birds. Estimation of survival rates for immature birds should also be given high priority in procellariid research programs. The variability in these parameters among populations needs to be assessed if results are to be generalised beyound specific colonies from which parameters are estimated. There is evidence that selective harvest of heavier Titi chicks occurs on at least some islands. However, analyses of a demographic model incorporating different quality chicks showed even extremely high degrees of selective harvest had little influence on population growth rate or perturbation analyses unless overall harvest levels were very high. Comparison of population growth rate and perturbation analyses of models differing in the level of detail in parameterisation or in the number of stages included in the model, showed negligible differences in results. This suggests that simple models, even if based on only sparse data, are adequate to set research priorities and evaluate population response to perturbations such as for the assessment of conservation management options, evaluation of possible causes of population change and assessment of the effects of harvest.

Rakiura Maori continue a centuries old harvest of titi chicks (sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus) which is governed primarily by Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). The sustainability of titi harvesting is of high cultural, social and ecological importance. Some commentators view contemporary use of TEK as insufficient to ensure sustainability because it is no longer intact, too passive, and/or potentially inadequate to meet new ecological and technical challenges. Such assertions have been made in the absence of detailed description of TEK and associated social mechanisms. This thesis describes Rakiura Maori TEK practices and management systems that are in place and asks whether such systems are effective today, and whether they will remain effective in future. Ecological, social and cultural factors are intertwined in cultural wildlife harvests so the methodology used was a combination of quantitative ecological methods and semi-directive interviews of 20 experienced harvesting elders. The research also used ecological science to evaluate potential harvest monitoring methods and to determine what sets the limits on harvest. These ecological studies focused on harvesting by four families on Putauhinu Island in 1997-1999. Harvest is divided into two parts. In the first period (�nanao�) chicks are extracted from breeding burrows during daytime. In the second period (�rama�) chicks are captured at night when they have emerged from burrows. Nanao harvest rates only increased slightly with increasing chick densities and birders� harvest rates varied in their sensitivities to changing chick density. Although harvest rates can only provide a general index of population change a monitoring panel, with careful selection of participants, may be the only feasible way to assess population trend and thereby harvest sustainability or the resource�s response to changed management. Rakiura Maori harvesting practice constitutes common property resource management based on birthright and a system of traditional rules. Protection of island habitat and adult birds, and temporal restricitions on harvest are considered most important. Legislation and a belief system of reciprocity and connection to ancestors and environment aid enforcement of the rules. Ecological knowledge is learnt through observation, hands-on experience and storytelling. Younger Rakiura Maori now spend less time harvesting which puts pressure on the transmission of knowledge. Paradoxically, use of modern technology for harvesting aids transfer of essential skills because it is easier and faster to learn, thereby contributing to the continuance of a culturally important harvest. Limits on harvest are passive, with the numbers of chicks taken determined by the time spent harvesting and processing. Processing is more limiting during the rama period. Future innovations that decrease the time to process each chick during rama could greatly increase the total number of chicks caught. Recently introduced motorised plucking machines decrease the time required to pluck each chick. However, on Putauhinu Island, use of plucking machines did not increase the number of chicks harvested, indicating social mechanisms were also limiting. Elders identified changing values between the generations, which may reduce the future strength of social limitations on harvest pressure. Global climate change may reduce the predicability of traditional knowledge. Rakiura Maori have identified this risk and sought to examine ecological science as a tool to complement traditional knowledge for monitoring harvest sustainability. Climate change, declining tītī numbers and potential changes in technology or markets all threaten the effectiveness of current social limits to harvest. Rakiura Maori have previously shown the ability to adapt and must look to add resilience to their institutions to ensure we keep the titi forever.

Rakiura Maori continue a centuries old harvest of titi chicks (sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus) which is governed primarily by Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). The sustainability of titi harvesting is of high cultural, social and ecological importance. Some commentators view contemporary use of TEK as insufficient to ensure sustainability because it is no longer intact, too passive, and/or potentially inadequate to meet new ecological and technical challenges. Such assertions have been made in the absence of detailed description of TEK and associated social mechanisms. This thesis describes Rakiura Maori TEK practices and management systems that are in place and asks whether such systems are effective today, and whether they will remain effective in future. Ecological, social and cultural factors are intertwined in cultural wildlife harvests so the methodology used was a combination of quantitative ecological methods and semi-directive interviews of 20 experienced harvesting elders. The research also used ecological science to evaluate potential harvest monitoring methods and to determine what sets the limits on harvest. These ecological studies focused on harvesting by four families on Putauhinu Island in 1997-1999. Harvest is divided into two parts. In the first period (�nanao�) chicks are extracted from breeding burrows during daytime. In the second period (�rama�) chicks are captured at night when they have emerged from burrows. Nanao harvest rates only increased slightly with increasing chick densities and birders� harvest rates varied in their sensitivities to changing chick density. Although harvest rates can only provide a general index of population change a monitoring panel, with careful selection of participants, may be the only feasible way to assess population trend and thereby harvest sustainability or the resource�s response to changed management. Rakiura Maori harvesting practice constitutes common property resource management based on birthright and a system of traditional rules. Protection of island habitat and adult birds, and temporal restricitions on harvest are considered most important. Legislation and a belief system of reciprocity and connection to ancestors and environment aid enforcement of the rules. Ecological knowledge is learnt through observation, hands-on experience and storytelling. Younger Rakiura Maori now spend less time harvesting which puts pressure on the transmission of knowledge. Paradoxically, use of modern technology for harvesting aids transfer of essential skills because it is easier and faster to learn, thereby contributing to the continuance of a culturally important harvest. Limits on harvest are passive, with the numbers of chicks taken determined by the time spent harvesting and processing. Processing is more limiting during the rama period. Future innovations that decrease the time to process each chick during rama could greatly increase the total number of chicks caught. Recently introduced motorised plucking machines decrease the time required to pluck each chick. However, on Putauhinu Island, use of plucking machines did not increase the number of chicks harvested, indicating social mechanisms were also limiting. Elders identified changing values between the generations, which may reduce the future strength of social limitations on harvest pressure. Global climate change may reduce the predicability of traditional knowledge. Rakiura Maori have identified this risk and sought to examine ecological science as a tool to complement traditional knowledge for monitoring harvest sustainability. Climate change, declining tītī numbers and potential changes in technology or markets all threaten the effectiveness of current social limits to harvest. Rakiura Maori have previously shown the ability to adapt and must look to add resilience to their institutions to ensure we keep the titi forever.

No description available.

Callicebus Thomas, 1903 são primatas neotropicais que ocorrem nas bacias Amazônica e do Orinoco, na Mata Atlântica e em parte da Caatinga, do Chaco e do Pantanal. São reconhecidas 33 espécies para o gênero, divididas em cinco grupos: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus e Personatus. O grupo Moloch inclui espécies amazônicas, distribuídas entre a margem esquerda do Rio Madeira e a margem direita dos rios Tocantins-Araguaia. A história taxonômica dos sauás do grupo Moloch revelou uma considerável confusão, taxonômica e nomenclatural, de forma que sua composição e o reconhecimento das categorias específica e subespecífica variaram frequentemente. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar taxonomicamente os Callicebus do grupo Moloch, reconhecendo, descrevendo ou redescrevendo os táxons do grupo, a fim de elucidar o número de táxons nominais que o compõe. Foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas a partir de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas. Os caracteres qualitativos referentes ao padrão de coloração da pelagem foram confrontados diretamente em mapas, visando constatar descontinuidades geográficas ou possíveis clinas. Os caracteres quantitativos referentes às medidas cranianas e dentárias foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de dimorfismo sexual, variação ontogenética e variação geográfica. A partir dos resultados, foi constatado que para as espécies do grupo Moloch, o padrão de coloração é a principal característica diagnóstica, não havendo diferenças significativas quanto à morfologia e morfometria craniana e dentária. Sendo assim, foram consideradas válidas sete espécies para o grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, havendo ainda a sinonimização de C. bernhardi com C. moloch. / The titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 are primates that occur throughout the Amazon and Orinoco basins, in the Atlantic forest region and in parts of Caatinga, Chaco and Pantanal. There are 33 species of this genus divided into five groups: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus, and Personatus. The Moloch group is composed of Amazon species, distributed between the left bank of Rio Madeira and right bank of the Tocantins-Araguaia rivers. The taxonomic history of the titi monkeys from the Moloch group revealed some nomenclatural problems, so that the species and subspecies category varied frequently. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present a taxonomic revision of the Callicebus species from the Moloch group, describing and/or redescribing its taxa, and to clarify the number of nominal taxa within it. I perform qualitative and quantitative analysis using specimens deposited in zoological collections. The qualitative characters related to the color pattern were mapped, aiming to find geographical gaps or clines. The quantitative characters consisted of cranial and dental morphometry that were submitted to statistical tests of sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic and geographical variation. For these, I performed univariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that, for the Moloch group species, the color pattern is the main diagnostic characteristic, not showing significant differences in the cranial and dental morphology and morphometry. Therefore, seven species of the genus Callicebus, Moloch group, are here considered taxonomically valid: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, and the new synonymy of C. bernhardi with C. moloch.

Callicebus Thomas, 1903 são primatas neotropicais que ocorrem nas bacias Amazônica e do Orinoco, na Mata Atlântica e em parte da Caatinga, do Chaco e do Pantanal. São reconhecidas 33 espécies para o gênero, divididas em cinco grupos: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus e Personatus. O grupo Moloch inclui espécies amazônicas, distribuídas entre a margem esquerda do Rio Madeira e a margem direita dos rios Tocantins-Araguaia. A história taxonômica dos sauás do grupo Moloch revelou uma considerável confusão, taxonômica e nomenclatural, de forma que sua composição e o reconhecimento das categorias específica e subespecífica variaram frequentemente. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar taxonomicamente os Callicebus do grupo Moloch, reconhecendo, descrevendo ou redescrevendo os táxons do grupo, a fim de elucidar o número de táxons nominais que o compõe. Foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas a partir de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas. Os caracteres qualitativos referentes ao padrão de coloração da pelagem foram confrontados diretamente em mapas, visando constatar descontinuidades geográficas ou possíveis clinas. Os caracteres quantitativos referentes às medidas cranianas e dentárias foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de dimorfismo sexual, variação ontogenética e variação geográfica. A partir dos resultados, foi constatado que para as espécies do grupo Moloch, o padrão de coloração é a principal característica diagnóstica, não havendo diferenças significativas quanto à morfologia e morfometria craniana e dentária. Sendo assim, foram consideradas válidas sete espécies para o grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, havendo ainda a sinonimização de C. bernhardi com C. moloch. / The titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 are primates that occur throughout the Amazon and Orinoco basins, in the Atlantic forest region and in parts of Caatinga, Chaco and Pantanal. There are 33 species of this genus divided into five groups: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus, and Personatus. The Moloch group is composed of Amazon species, distributed between the left bank of Rio Madeira and right bank of the Tocantins-Araguaia rivers. The taxonomic history of the titi monkeys from the Moloch group revealed some nomenclatural problems, so that the species and subspecies category varied frequently. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present a taxonomic revision of the Callicebus species from the Moloch group, describing and/or redescribing its taxa, and to clarify the number of nominal taxa within it. I perform qualitative and quantitative analysis using specimens deposited in zoological collections. The qualitative characters related to the color pattern were mapped, aiming to find geographical gaps or clines. The quantitative characters consisted of cranial and dental morphometry that were submitted to statistical tests of sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic and geographical variation. For these, I performed univariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that, for the Moloch group species, the color pattern is the main diagnostic characteristic, not showing significant differences in the cranial and dental morphology and morphometry. Therefore, seven species of the genus Callicebus, Moloch group, are here considered taxonomically valid: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, and the new synonymy of C. bernhardi with C. moloch.

The sooty shearwater (also known as the muttonbird, Titi, Puffinus griseus) is a long-lived super-abundant, burrow nesting petrel, harvested by Rakiura Maori from breeding colonies, located in southern New Zealand. The harvest is culturally defining and enormously important for Rakiura Maori. The work in this thesis contributes to the Kia Mau te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Research Project being undertaken by Rakiura Maori and the University of Otago, towards assessing ongoing sustainability of the harvest and future threats. Analyses of eight muttonbirder harvest records spanning, 1938 to 2004, show that harvest rates demonstrate, systematic commonalities in seasonal patterns and broad-scale consistency in trends of chick abundance and quality across harvested islands. If co-ordinated and well replicated, harvest records offer Rakiura Maori a low-cost and effective monitoring tool of sooty shearwater reproductive success and long-term population abundance. Hunt tallies provide additional evidence of a dramatic reduction in sooty shearwater abundance from the late 1980s that was also detected by counts from boats off the western seaboard of the USA. A conservative estimate of overall decline in hunt success across diaries, for the period 1972 to 2004, is 1.89 % (CI₉₅ 1.14 to 2.65) per annum, a total reduction of 39.2%. The harvesting records show a sooty shearwater mortality event occurred just prior to the 1993-breeding season at the same time as a severe negative anomaly in both the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Southern Oscillation Indices. The hunting diaries show a decoupling of chick size with harvest success in the early 1990s. This resulted from a decline in harvest success and an increase in its variability, while chick size remained correlated with changing chick abundance and maintained its pre-1990 average. Long- lived seabirds maintain high survival by skipping breeding and abandoning breeding attempts when oceanic conditions deteriorate, increasing variability in chick abundance is also evidence of pressure on adult survivorship. The multiple diaries confirm these were major demographic events not confined to a single island. My survival estimates for The Snares and Whenua Hou were very high 0.952 (0.896-0.979) compared to earlier estimates for this species. Transience at the colonies is high due to the presence ofjuvenile and pre-breeding birds. Both naturally high survival and the large number of transient pre-breeders indicate sooty shearwater are more resilient to harvest than earlier survival models suggested. There was no evidence for directional change in sooty shearwater breeding phenology over 49-years of harvest. Climate fluctuation/change is therefore apparently not altering egg-laying. Peak fledging occurred fairly consistently in the 2nd of May (IQR = 2.91 days). Yearly variability in emergence occurs primarily due to provisioning and localized fledging conditions. Larger chick size was strongly correlated with delayed fledging and is consistent with the traditional ecological knowledge of the birders. There was no evidence for chicks becoming smaller or that years with starving chicks were more common, so increasing mismatch of breeding with optimal forage was not indicated. The past proportion of birders over the last 20 years (1985 - 2005) has been ~2% all of Rakiura Maori. Approximately 376 birders participated in the 2006 season with an estimated of overall harvest intensity 19.4% (CI₉₅ = 13.8 - 24.2%) and a total catch of 381,000 (CI₉₅ = 262,257 - 487,186) chicks. This study found evidence that catch rates reduced with increasing birder competition partially mitigating effects on harvest pressure. The combined effects of potential climate change on bird abundance and increased harvester competition suggests that the proportion of Rakiura Maori whom choose to bird is likely to decrease as tallies reduce and cost recovery becomes more difficult. Rakiura Maori have for many years cherished and maintained their islands and implemented protective measures to safeguarded titi breeding habitat. Future harvest management will have additional issues to contend with, but Rakiura Maori are necessarily confronting these issues as the titi culture rests on the maintenance of their taonga. The information presented in this thesis shows that combining science and traditional knowledge is a powerful tool for managing harvest sustainability.

Human activities, such as deforestation and industrial development, have drastically altered natural environments throughout the world, ranging from the loss of biodiversity to possible climatic changes on a global scale. The mapping of vegetation cover is an important source of information for the evaluation of the evolution of landscapes over time and space. The present study is based on a pioneering multitemporal analysis of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes on the right bank of the lower São Francisco River. This approach was used specifically to assess the effects of the deforestation process on the remaining populations of two endangered tit monkey species, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth (1999), which inhabits the Atlantic Forest and is classified as endangered by the IUCN, and Callicebus barbarabrownae Hershkovitz (1990), which is found in the Caatinga, and is classified as critically endangered. The objective of this study was to produce a mutitemporal analysis of the historical deforestation process (1980-2010) in the study area and diagnose its effects on the distribution of Callicebus populations within this area. The study area (8º27 56 -12º3 35 S, 36º14 43 -40º59 4 W) encompasses the whole of the Brazilian state of Sergipe and the northern extreme of the neighboring state of Bahia, with a total area of approximately 80,000 km². Pre-processing involved the collection of images and the collection of data in the field. The multitemporal analysis included arithmetic operations (VI - Vegetation Index and PCA - Principal Components Analysis), visual interpretation, supervised classification, based on the Euclidian distance classifier, post classification, edition, and the production of the mosaic of the classified scenes. Eight classes were mapped - arboreal Caatinga, arboreal-shrub Caatinga, shrub Caatinga, Atlantic Forest, pasture, urban areas, water features, and cloud. The deforestation analysis took into account the biome, vegetation type, fragmentation processes and patterns, and records of Callicebus. The data from the 25 scenes were found to have errors of less than half a pixel (less than 15 meters), varying from 0.403 to 0.498 pixels. A total of 750 points were collected during the field excursions, supported GPS readings and approximately 8000 photographs. Large tracts of arboreal-shrubby Caatinga were found to persist in some areas over the three decades of the study period, whereas the Atlantic Forest was characterized by extensive deforestation and an increase in the areas of pasture. A total of 279 records of the presence/absence of titi monkeys were classified as presence, unconfirmed report, local extinction, and absence. A number of scenarios were analyzed and two theoretical models of deforestation created - (a) fragmentation and (b) nucleus. Model (a) is consistent with a greater probability of extinction of titi monkeys, due to the reduced size of the fragments, their isolation and lack of connectivity, whereas model (b) represents a more favorable scenario for conservation, with larger fragments and better connectivity. The area of transition between the distributions of the two species, where the genus appears to be absent, was also investigated. The data provide a number of insights into the conservation status of the species and their ecological requirements, as well as guidelines for decision-making on management strategies for the conservation of these taxa and the forest fragments they inhabit. / As atividades humanas têm mudado drasticamente a cobertura natural de nosso planeta. Mundialmente, a destruição de ecossistemas e o desenvolvimento industrial desenfreado provocam graves problemas ambientais, que vão desde a perda de biodiversidade até eventuais mudanças climáticas globais. O mapeamento da cobertura vegetal é um insumo científico essencial para avaliar a evolução da paisagem no tempo e no espaço. Neste trabalho, utilizamos a análise multitemporal, o qual teve caráter inédito para os biomas da região, a Mata Atlântica e a Caatinga, na verificação do histórico de desmatamento da região. Estas técnicas foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos do processo de desmatamento sobre as populações remanescentes de duas espécies ameaçadas, os macacos guigós, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth (1999), que habita a Mata Atlântica e está classificada como ameaçada de extinção na categoria em perigo pela IUCN e Callicebus barbarabrownae Hershkovitz (1990) que habita a Caatinga e está classificada atualmente como criticamente em perigo de extinção. O objetivo foi realizar uma análise multitemporal do processo de desmatamento (1980-2000) da área de estudo e diagnosticar seus efeitos sobre as populações de Callicebus. A área de estudo (8º27 56 -12º3 35 de latitude Sul e 36º14 43 -40º59 4 de longitude Oeste) compreende o estado de Sergipe e parte da região do extremo norte do estado da Bahia atingindo uma área de aproximadamente 80.000 km2. O pré-processamento compreendeu a coleta e registro das imagens e trabalho de campo. A análise multitemporal incluiu operações aritméticas (IV Índice de Vegetação e ACP Análise por Componentes Principais), interpretação visual, classificação supervisada através do classificador de distância euclidiana, pós-classificação, edição e mosaico das cenas classificadas. Oito classes foram mapeadas: Caatinga arbórea, Caatinga arbórea-arbustiva, Caatinga arbustiva, Mata Atlântica, Pasto, Área Urbana, Hidrografia e Nuvens. A análise do desmatamento levou em conta o bioma, o tipo de vegetação, a fragmentação, a distribuição desta fragmentação, a redução ou aumento dos fragmentos de vegetação e o tipo de registro de Callicebus. O registro das 25 cenas atingiram erros menores que meio pixel (menor que 15 metros) variando de 0,403 a 0,498 pixels. Foram coletados 750 pontos nos trabalhos de campo, através do receptor GPS e aproximadamente 8000 fotos. Foram identificadas grandes áreas de Caatinga arbórea-arbustiva que se mativeram nas três décadas, enquanto que a Mata Atlântica foi caracterizada por extenso desmatamento e o aumento das áreas de pasto. Foram coletados 279 registros de presença/ausência do macaco guigó divididos nas categorias: registro de presença, relatos não confirmados, extinções locais e áreas vistoriadas sem registro. Diversos cenários foram analisados para dois modelos teóricos criados, o de fragmentação (a) e de redução de núcleo (b). O modelo (a) apresenta cenários que indicam a maior probabilidade de extinção do macaco guigó, devido ao tamanho reduzido dos fragmentos, isolamento e a falta de conectividade, enquanto o modelo (b) apresenta cenários mais favoráveis para conservação com grandes fragmentos e melhor conectividade. A área de transição entre a distribuição das duas espécies,onde o género parece estar ausente, também foi investigad. Os dados fornecem uma série de insights sobre o estado de conservação das espécies e seus requisitos ecológicos, bem como diretrizes para a tomada de decisões sobre as estratégias de manejo para a conservação destas espécies e os fragmentos florestais que elas habitam.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the present study, we applied a fast diagnostic protocol to the analysis of the quality of aquatic habitats (PAR) to assess the headwaters of the Siriri River, a first-order tributary of the Japaratuba River basin, Sergipe. The main source is located at UTM (707680, 8837848) in a 100-hectare fragment of Atlantic Forest, in the coastal plateau domain. The diagnosis proposed to evaluate external and internal human pressures, impacts resulting from the use of land and the exploitation of forest resources by the local Mata do Cipó community. The environmental diagnosis of this community was based on 52 semi-structured questionnaires applied to 24 men and 28 women, used to identify local conflicts, and the use of land and water resources. Land use was characterized by an historical overview together with a description of the geomorphology and aspects of the geology, soil, topography, climate, and vegetation. The rapid assessment protocol of habitat quality (RAP), adapted from Callisto et al (2002) was applied at 13 points along the Siriri stream, where a series of physical-chemical parameters of the water (pH, DO, TDS, ORP, eH, salinity, and total N and P) were analyzed and compared with the water quality parameters recommended by CONAMA (357). The environmental diagnosis of the community indicated a strong historical dependence for more than 80 years, the intensive exploitation of forest resources for bathing, hunting, leisure activities, and religious practices (African beliefs). The principal external pressure was the use of the land for sugarcane plantations and the main internal pressure was the exploitation of water resources by the neighboring town of Capela. The RAP concluded that 25% of the aquatic habitats are altered, with a loss of environmental resistance, while pH, nitrogen, and eH all exceeded CONAMA recommendations. We conclude that (a) this fragment of Atlantic Forest is a conservation priority due to the confirmation interviewees of the local occurrence and extinction of the titi monkey, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999), (b) despite a low level of impact (25%) on this headwater environment, some physical-chemical parameters of the water have been affected, and (c) the local ecosystem appears to be resilient, although the habitats that surround the headwaters of the Siriri River require restoration. / Neste estudo aplicou o diagnóstico rápido da qualidade dos habitats terrestres e aquáticos (PAR) para avaliar a nascente do Rio Siriri, um tributário de primeira ordem da Bacia do Rio Japaratuba, Sergipe. A nascente principal está localizada na coordenada UTM (707680, 8837848) que compreende um fragmento de 100 hectares de Mata Atlântica, domínio dos Tabuleiros Costeiros. O diagnóstico propôs também avaliar as pressões antrópicas externas e internas, o estado e os impactos exercidos pelo uso da terra e pela comunidade Mata Cipó. O diagnóstico socioambiental da comunidade do entorno foram aplicados 52 questionários semiestruturados entre homens (24) e mulheres (28) com a finalidade de identificar os conflitos locais, uso do solo e dos recursos hídricos. Na caracterização uso do solo foi feito um breve histórico do uso da terra e uma descrição da geomorfologia e aspectos da litologia, solo, altimetria, relevo, clima e vegetação. O protocolo de avaliação rápida da qualidade de habitat (PAR), adaptado de Callisto et al (2002) foi aplicado em 13 pontos do riacho Siriri, assim com foram feitos análise dos parâmetros físico-químico da água: pH, OD, TDS, ORP, eH, salinidade, N e P totais e confrontadas com os parâmetros de qualidade da água pela portaria do CONAMA (357). O diagnóstico socioambiental da comunidade mostrou forte dependência histórica por mais de 80 anos de uso intenso dos recursos da mata para uso da água, lazer, caça e práticas e cultos religiosos afro. As pressões externa e interna sobre a comunidade e o fragmento de mata foram identificadas como o principal a monocultura de cana de açúcar sobre o uso do solo e a prefeitura de Capela sobre os recurso hídricos. Na avaliação do PAR constatou que 25% dos habitats aquáticos estão alterados com perda da resistência ambiental, enquanto os parâmetros da qualidade da água: pH, Nitrogênio, e eH estão acima dos parâmetros do CONAMA. Concluímos que: a) o fragmento de Mata Atlântica é prioritário para fins conservacionistas uma vez que comunidade confirmou a ocorrência e a extinção local do macaco Guigó, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999); b) mesmo com 25% dos habitats de nascentes os parâmetros físico-químico da água estão alterados; c) o fragmento de mata tem capacidade de resiliência ecossistêmica, todavia os habitats de nascentes alterados necessitem de intervenção de restauração.