I den här uppsatsen har jag gjort en närläsning av Martin Heideggers ”On the way to Language” (”Unterwegs zur Sprache”) skriven år 1959. Boken som var Heideggers sista verk är en dialog mellan Heidegger och en japan som spelas av honom själv i syfte reflektera. Uppsatsen behandlar bokens tema om hur något främmande oss själva (som är vi själva) kan mötas eller inte mötas genom ett språk. Jag har i och med Heidegger sett på ett språks fara och begränsningar liksom dess möjligheter och vägar till kunskap via dialogformen och den estetiska yttringen poesi. Väst mötte öst och tack vare det såg Heidegger inte bara det att det fanns ett nästan gemensamt metafysiskt fält inom det estetiska men också på vilket vis som dessa sätt kunde yttra sig, bl.a. via konsten, poesin, via hintar och det talade. Det gemensamma för ordets fenomen estetik inom väst och begreppet Iki inom öst diskuterades och jämfördes. Vidare jämfördes även det gemensamma ordet för språk och det som jag kom fram till var att det japanskas vokabulär var en mycket öppnare än den i väst då ett ord i öst betydde en hel rad med ord i väst. Raden ord inom det japanska begreppet kunde översättas närmast intill en poetisk versrad. Heidegger jämförde de japanska begreppen med bl.a. sina egna Hölderlin läsningar och vidare den japanska estetiken, bl.a. inom teatern, med sina egna tankar om konst och på vilket vis transcendens är möjlig via dessa fenomen. Det estetiska sågs på så vis via språket som visade var vi fick möjligheten att vara ett kunskaps budbärare liksom dess användare samtidigt. I jämförelse med den japanska estetiken som yttrades både som poetiska innebörder av ord liksom gester i form av hintar som gav den närvarande människan en knuff på den mörka väg som ledde oss mot ljusglimtarna: kunskap och fantasi, m.a.o. en ständig transcendens. Jag har i min analys försökt att beskriva vad det estetiska innebär för Heidegger. Det som jag kom fram till som var gemensamt för både Heidegger som hans simulerade samtalspartner japanen var det att de delade en tomhet i grunden. Denna tomhet yttrade sig som ångest hos Heidegger medan den hos japanen yttrade sig som ett ingenting. Jag såg att Heidegger behövde japanen för att kunna se hintar av sig själv och på så vis kunna reflektera över sig själv och sina tankar. Tomheten beskrev de bägge m.a.o. via språket och dialogformen som gav dem begränsningar och möjligheter att på ett hermeneutiskt vis tala om någonting som inte finns men är paradoxalt nog mycket närvarande.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 marianaschuchtersoares.pdf: 20615931 bytes, checksum: 2873d36ceb31b42d2d3c4ffb1893edb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender como a superdiversidade está presente na paisagem sociolinguística da cidade de Juiz de Fora/MG por meio dos grafismos urbanos (grafites e pichações), considerando que, em seus contornos locais, essas manifestações tornaram-se frequentemente plurilíngues – conforme percepção anterior nossa – apresentando fragmentos de línguas diversas. Sob a abordagem qualitativa, por meio de etnografia e etnografia visual, a partir de entrevistas com grafiteiros e pichadores da cidade, bem como de fotografias da paisagem sociolinguística, buscamos demonstrar como a superdiversidade (VERTOVEC, 2007; BLOMMAERT, 2010, 2012, 2013), produto de movimentos migratórios e do desenvolvimento da tecnologia, pode ser vivenciada por meio de repertórios cada vez mais diversificados. Consideramos, neste contexto, que os recursos linguísticos são móveis, assim como as pessoas (KROON, DONG & BLOMMAERT, 2011), e que esses recursos são absorvidos pelo meio ambiente sociolinguístico, adaptados a ele e influenciados por grafias já existentes, formas locais de pronúncia, padrões pragmáticos ou poéticos dominantes etc. (BLOMMAERT, 2012). Buscamos desconstruir, dessa forma, a ideia de que a cidade em questão é monolíngue por meio da observação de sua paisagem, que não é só linguística, mas também social. Nesse sentido, falamos de to language, i.e, de língua como verbo (SHOHAMY, 2006; MAKONY E PENNYCOOK, 2007; GARCÍA, 2009), das práticas que estão nas ruas, longe das instituições que propagam as formas normativas, e que estão muito mais ligadas à agentividade e criatividade linguísticas. As evidências encontradas e registradas (120 fotografias) apontam para a presença de manifestações plurais em línguas diversas (como italiano, latim, espanhol, francês, inglês, entre outras) e de codemeshing (CANAGARAJAH, 2013). Apesar de existirem pichações espalhadas por toda a área de 1.435,664 km2 da cidade, inclusive em bairros periféricos, o estilo delas geralmente se difere do Rio de Janeiro, de São Paulo e de Belo Horizonte. Em vez de códigos, i.e., símbolos gráficos do tag reto, encontramos, em Juiz de Fora, com mais frequência, pichações em forma de palavras que podem facilmente ser lidas por um leigo, por alguém que está fora da “cultura do spray”. Neste contexto, além de “agredir a sociedade”, a pichação também “se comunica” com ela. A ideia é protestar sim (uma vez que a propriedade privada é utilizada), mas também compartilhar ideias e marcar presença na cidade. / El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender cómo la superdiversidad está presente en el paisaje sociolingüístico de la ciudad de Juiz de Fora / MG por medio de los grafismos urbanos (grafitos y pintadas), teniendo en cuenta que, en sus contornos locales, esas manifestaciones se vuelven frecuentemente plurilingües – según la percepción anterior nuestra –, exhibiendo fragmentos de lenguas diversas. Bajo el abordaje cualitativo, a través de etnografía y etnografía visual, a partir de entrevistas con grafiteros de la ciudad, así como de fotografías de paisaje sociolingüístico, se busca demonstrar como la superdiversidad (VERTOVEC, 2007; BLOMMAERT, 2010, 2012, 2013), producto de movimiento migratorio y del desarrollo de la tecnología, puede ser experimentada por medio de repertorios cada vez más diversificados. Consideramos, en este contexto, que los recursos lingüísticos son móviles, tanto como las personas (KROON, DONG & BLOMMAERT, 2011), y que eses recursos son absorbidos por el medio ambiente sociolingüístico, se adaptan a ese y son influenciados por grafías preexistentes, formas locales de pronunciación, patrones pragmáticos o poéticos dominantes etc. (BLOMMAERT, 2012). Buscamos deconstruir, así, la idea de que esta ciudad es monolingüe mediante la observación de su paisaje, que no es sólo lingüística, sino también social. En este sentido, hablamos de to language, i.e, de lengua como verbo (SHOHAMY, 2006; MAKONY E PENNYCOOK, 2007; GARCÍA, 2009), de las prácticas que están por las calles, lejos de las instituciones que propagan las formas normativas y que están mucho más asociadas a la agentividad y creatividad lingüística. Las evidencias encontradas y registradas (119 fotografías) señalan la presencia de manifestaciones plurales en lenguas diversas (como italiano, latín, español, francés, inglés entre otras) y de codemeshing (CANAGARAJAH, 2013). A pesar de existieren grafiti ubicadas por toda el área de 1.435,664 km² de la ciudad, incluso en las regiones periféricas, su estilo se difiere de Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo y Belo Horizonte. En vez de códigos, i.e., símbolos gráficos del tag reto, encontramos en Juiz de Fora, con más frecuencia, pintadas en forma de palabras que pueden fácilmente ser leídas por un lego, por alguien que no está dentro de la "cultura del spray". En este contexto, además de "agredir a la sociedad", la pintada también "se comunica con ella". La idea, sí, es protestar (ya que se utiliza la propiedad privada), pero también compartir ideas y marcar presencia en la ciudad.

The thesis "Communication and approach to language in multilingual children" is focused on language production of bilingual children, 7 to 13 years old, living permanently in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, who attend the local "Czech school without borders". Its first part presents a theoretical introduction to the field of study, defines all relevant concepts and terms, especially those regarding: child development, the Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency analysis, unprepared speech and other linguistic terms used in following research. In the practical part the empirical execution of aforementioned analysis will be presented. It involves all relevant data about the participants in the research and describes how the interviews were transcribed. The practical part also shows all transcribed interviews of 15 participants of the research. Each participant was monitored for 6 months prior to the interview by the author of the thesis. The abstract of the observation of their language behaviour at school is a part of the practical part as well. This introduction is followed by a detailed Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency analysis and its summary. The end of the thesis provides a table with results of all participants in all parts of the analysis and describes what can be concluded from it. The aim of...

The goal of this research was to determine if the results of a simple comparison algorithm (SCA) could be improved by adding a hyperspace analogue to language model of memory (HAL) layer to form NCA. The HAL layer provides contextual data that otherwise would be unavailable for consideration. It was found that NCA did improve the results when compared to SCA alone. However, NCA added complexity problems that limit its practicality. The complexity of this algorithm is On3 where n is equal to the number of unique symbols in the data. While there is a relativity reasonable soft upper bound for the number of unique symbols used in a language, the complexity still limits the uses of the NCA combined algorithm. The conclusion from this research is that NCA can improve results. This research also suggested that the quality of results might increase as more data is processed by NCA.

Subject of the Diploma is a use of folktexts in Czech courses for foreigners. An education material draft is being submitted, based on communication approach to language teaching, connects language and socialcultural dimension through. Submitted education material is a calendar like that defines four seasons in the Czech Republic through their attributes, i. e. their essential characteristics, in the folktexts included, and supported by the folktexts also explains appropriate rituals, feasts and concepts of the seasons. All texts and information of the education material draft are chosen or adapted with respect to communication needs of the foreign language students and in order to introduce concepts and knowledge of the Czech geography, culture and cultural history.

xi, 182 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation develops an interpretation of Martin Heidegger's philosophical project in On the Way to Language and some of his earlier works that pave the way for this text and offers criticism of Heidegger's project in light of this interpretation. On the Way to Language stands apart from most twentieth century philosophy in arguing that, although human beings are within language in one sense, our relationship to language is nevertheless an estranged one. Heidegger often describes this condition as "lacking the word for the word." Because we are constantly speaking, we rarely if ever stop to wonder about the nature of language itself. Heidegger calls this our "entanglement" within language, a concept rooted in Being and Time 's exposition of the human being's thrownness. Read in terms of language, thrownness describes how we inherit concepts and find ourselves entangled in words prior to our reflection upon them. Heidegger presents what motivates us to bring the word to word in two ways. First, this need is rooted in the human being's fundamental structure of thrownness. Second, the need makes itself manifest through translation. My reading expands upon these two explanations of how we come to experience this entanglement, arguing that everyday communication regularly offers such experiences and demands that we modify, therefore temporarily distancing ourselves from, given language inheritances. The dissertation employs three other theorists, Roman Jakobson, Judith Butler, and Julia Kristeva, to flesh out how this need naturally arises in ordinary language development. Though he underestimates the extent to which everyday communicative situations require ongoing transformations of ordinary language, Heidegger nevertheless considers social encounters to be an important vehicle for language transformation. In this way, the goal of bringing our thrownness into language to word is not to disentangle ourselves from social relations, as some commentators have suggested. The last chapter shows how Paul Celan's poetics, in its inheritance of Heidegger's project, expands upon the role of social relations in language entanglement. / Committee in charge: Scott Pratt, Co-Chairperson, Philosophy; John Lysaker, Co-Chairperson, Philosophy; Beata Stawarska, Member, Philosophy; Peter Warnek, Member, Philosophy; Jeffrey Librett, Outside Member, German and Scandinavian

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-11T20:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelazambolimdemoura.pdf: 1517569 bytes, checksum: c9a6836aa681e51ba066ec04a14198c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T15:23:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelazambolimdemoura.pdf: 1517569 bytes, checksum: c9a6836aa681e51ba066ec04a14198c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T15:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelazambolimdemoura.pdf: 1517569 bytes, checksum: c9a6836aa681e51ba066ec04a14198c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / Nesta tese, dedicamo-nos a investigar orações matrizes, compostas por verbo ser e predicativo, e suas orações encaixadas, que funcionam sintaticamente como sujeito, sob a luz da abordagem construcional da mudança, proposta por Traugott (2008a, 2008b) e Traugott e Trousdale (2013). Objetivamos compreender como o complexo oracional subjetivo composto por verbo ser e predicativo na matriz se organiza e se desenvolve na língua portuguesa. Nesse cenário, intentamos, mais especificamente: (a) identificar níveis esquemáticos, a saber, macroconstrução, mesoconstrução, microconstrução e construto (TRAUGOTT 2008a, 2008b); (b) descrever, pontualmente, as microconstruções do complexo oracional subjetivo na língua portuguesa; (c) propor uma rede construcional para o complexo oracional subjetivo composto por verbo ser e predicativo na matriz. Trabalhamos com ocorrências do século XIII ao século XXI, em uma abordagem pancrônica (NEVES, 1997), através de um estudo sincrônico com comprovação diacrônica. Os corpora sincrônicos são constituídos por textos da modalidade escrita e oral da língua. A modalidade escrita é composta por textos retirados de blogs e de revistas online de circulação nacional, a saber, "Revista Veja", "Revista Isto é", "Revista Época", "Revista Caras", "Revista Cláudia" e "Revista Ana Maria". A oralidade é composta por entrevistas selecionadas em três corpora distintos: " Projeto Mineirês: a construção de um dialeto", projeto "PEUL – Programa de Estudos sobre o Uso da Língua" e projeto "NURC/RJ – Projeto da Norma Urbana Oral Culta do Rio de Janeiro". Os dados diacrônicos foram coletados do projeto " CIPM – Corpus Informatizado do Português Medieval" e projeto "TychoBrahe". A partir da análise de dados, identificamos 9 padrões microconstrucionais do complexo oracional subjetivo composto por verbo ser e predicativo na matriz, que apresentam características funcionais e formais específicas e, ao mesmo tempo, similaridades que permitem agrupá-las em níveis construcionais intermediários. Além disso, identificamos um nível hierárquico, altamente esquemático, que abarca todas as construções observadas. Nesse sentido, a análise realizada, conduzida por uma metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa, nos permite defender que o complexo oracional subjetivo composto por verbo ser e predicativo na matriz apresenta padrões construcionais que atendem a propósitos comunicativos distintos. / In this thesis, based on the constructional approach to language change, proposed by Traugott (2008a, 2008b) and Traugott and Trousdale (2013), we are dedicated to investigate main clauses, composed of the verb to be and predicative, and its embedded clauses, which work syntactically as a subject. We aim to understand how the subjective clausal complex consisting of verb be and predicate in the matrix is organized and developed in the Portuguese language. In this scenario, we undertake, specifically: (a) to identify schematic levels, namely macroconstruction, mesoconstruction, microconstruction and construct (TRAUGOTT 2008a, 2008b); (b) to describe, accurately, the microconstructions of the subjective sentence complex in the Portuguese language; (c) propose a constructional network for the subjective sentence complex consisting of the verb be and predicative in the matrix in the Portuguese language. We work with data from the thirteenth century to the twenty-first century, in a panchronic approach (NEVES, 1997), by means of a synchronic study with diachronic evidence. The synchronic corpora are constituted by texts of the written and oral modality of the language. The written modality consists of texts taken from blogs and online magazines of national circulation, namely "Revista Veja", "Revista Isto é", "Revista Época", "Revista Caras", "Revista Cláudia" and "Revista Ana Maria". The orality is composed of interviews selected from three distinct corpora: "Projeto Mineirês: a construção de um dialeto", project "PEUL - Programa de Estudos sobre o Uso da Língua" and project "NURC / RJ - Projeto da Norma Urbana Oral Culta do Rio de Janeiro". The diachronic data were collected from the project "CIPM - Corpus Informatizado do Português Medieval" and project "Tycho Brahe". From the data analysis, we identified 9 microconstructional patterns of the subjective sentence complex composed by the verb to be and predicate in the matrix, which present specific functional and formal characteristics and, at the same time, similarities that allow them to be grouped in intermediate constructional levels. In addition, we have identified a hierarchical, highly schematic level that encompasses all observed constructs. In this sense, the accomplished analysis, conducted by a qualitative and quantitative methodology, allows us to defend that the subjective sentence complex composed by the verb to be and predicative in the matrix presents constructional patterns that serve different communicative purposes.

This essay seeks to expand an understanding of the connection between the young Walter Benjamin’s essay “On Language as Such and on the Language of Man” and Theodor Adornos philosophy of music and philosophy as such. The essay attempts to trace how Adorno transforms Benjamin’s theory of the Divine Name into his musical theory of music as pure sound by demonstrating that the connections are visible throughout his major philosophical works as Negative Dialectics and Aesthetic Theory. The main question then becomes how he puts this into action into his philosophy of music by arguing that his book on Gustav Mahler is the main key for understanding the source of pure sound.

The research project takes a hard look into the attitudes or perceptions of speakers of African languages towards the new language policy of South Africa. The question answered in this regard is, `What do people say?' The research project explores the extent of radical shift in African consciousness giving impetus to the resurgence of African languages so that they carry philosophical and scientific discourse to unprecedented heights. Maintaining the primordial language policy that is dominated by English and Afrikaans is like putting new wine into old skins. Thus, the research also seeks to establish strategies that could be implemented in order to ensure the revitalisation and rejuvenation of African languages so that all the languages take their rightful place. In other words, the research explores ways of injecting a new kind of consciousness that integrates language and content in schools so as to replace the primordial "telescopic philanthropy" type of approach existing currently in education and other major domains. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

The research project takes a hard look into the attitudes or perceptions of speakers of African languages towards the new language policy of South Africa. The question answered in this regard is, `What do people say?' The research project explores the extent of radical shift in African consciousness giving impetus to the resurgence of African languages so that they carry philosophical and scientific discourse to unprecedented heights. Maintaining the primordial language policy that is dominated by English and Afrikaans is like putting new wine into old skins. Thus, the research also seeks to establish strategies that could be implemented in order to ensure the revitalisation and rejuvenation of African languages so that all the languages take their rightful place. In other words, the research explores ways of injecting a new kind of consciousness that integrates language and content in schools so as to replace the primordial "telescopic philanthropy" type of approach existing currently in education and other major domains. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)