Targeting the mutant BRAF and immunotherapy are new approaches to the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma that has significantly improved survival but is associated with significant toxicity and cost. Potent and specific BRAF inhibitors like vemurafenib and dabrafenib are superior to chemotherapy in treatment of BRAF mutant melanomas which represent nearly 50% of all melanomas. A less toxic approach to treatment of malignant melanoma is hence appealing. Delta-tocotrienol (DT3), an unsaturated vitamin E isoform, and simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor have been shown to have anti-neoplastic properties. We studied the effects of these chemicals in both BRAF-mutated SK-MEL-28 and BRAF-wild type SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. MTS assays were used to analyze cytotoxicity. SK-MEL-28 and SK-MEL-2 cells were cultured in MEM media containing 10% serum and plated in 96-well culture plates for 48 hours then treated with DT3 (0-80 µM), simvastatin (0-10 µM), or a combination and dosed again at 72 hours. SK-MEL-28 and SK-MEL-2 cells were grown in 60 mm plates and treated with DT3 at concentrations of 30 µM, simvastatin at concentrations of 10 µM and combination of DT3 and simvastatin at concentrations of 10 µM and 2 µM. Cell were lysed with RIPPA buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitor after 6 hours of treatment. Protein concentration of cell lysates was measured spectrophotometrically (GLO Max Multi+, Promega), using a BCA protein assay kit. The samples were run in SDS PAGE and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. Membranes were incubated with antibodies against Hsp 70 (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY), Hsp 90 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), pS6 and pERK (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA) and pAKT. Using MTS assay, we found that DT3 (IC50 75.2 μM) and simvastatin (IC50 8.3μM) have cytotoxic effects on melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2, but not on the SK-MEL-28 cells DT3 and simvastatin at the concentrations studied (10-80 μM DT3) and (0.625- 10 μM simvastatin). Further studies determined that simvastatin decreased expression of pS6, pERK on SK-MEL-2 and not DT3. However, these effects are different in SK-MEL-28 cells where there is only decrease in expression of pS6; treated SK-MEL-2 cells also show over-expression of Hsp70 suggestive of a rescue effect leading to lesser cytotoxic activity. The selective cytotoxicity observed in wild type BRAF melanoma cell lines by DT3 and simvastatin warrants further research into the potential therapeutic use of these drugs. A differential cytotoxicity is shown by DT3 and simvastatin in malignant melanoma cells with selective more potency in wild type BRAF melanoma compared to mutant BRAF melanoma cells. Further studies will be undertaken to dissect the mechanistic basis of this differential response.

The title chroman is useful in synthesis and as a water-soluble analog of γ-tocopherol, a member of the vitamin E family. This new synthesis of γ-trolox proceeds via selective aromatic demethylation of Trolox, the more easily available 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl homolog compound. This route is shorter than the previous synthesis, avoids the use of cyanide and methoxybutadiene, and requires no chromatography.

Proteomics is the large scale study of proteins in cells or organisms. The purpose of this study was to characterize the proteomic alterations occurring in a prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell line after treatment with delta-tocotrienol (a form of vitamin E not very prevalent from most dietary sources). We found that both gamma- and delta-tocotrienols induced time and concentration dependent growth inhibition and programmed cell dead (apoptosis) in LNCaP cells. Secondly, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to characterize changes in protein expression levels associated with this treatment. Our results show that a specific set of proteins are regulated at both early and late times following treatment with delta-tocotrienol and these proteins have been characterized by their apparent molecular weights and isoelectric points. The alteration observed at early time points are particularly interesting because these changes are likely to reflect the underlying molecular mechanisms for triggering cancer cell death.

Orientadores: Maria Angela de Almeida Meireles Petenate, Diego Tresinari dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T12:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_MariaTherezadeMoraesGomes_D.pdf: 4902896 bytes, checksum: aef7e5c464da3869257ebd47ad538611 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O presente trabalho de doutorado está dividido em dois temas principais, um sobre o uso da tecnologia supercrítica para a formação de partículas e outro sobre o uso do ultrassom para a formulação de emulsões. A revisão da literatura sobre o estado da arte do emprego do CO2 supercrítico para formação de micro e nanopartículas e encapsulação mostrou as potencialidades do uso desta tecnologia. A unidade usada para os experimentos de micronização via tecnologia supercrítica foi desenvolvida pelo grupo de pesquisa e validada utilizando uma substância modelo, o sal de ibuprofeno sódico. Esse fármaco foi selecionado devido às informações sobre o sistema CO2-Ibuprofeno encontradas na literatura. O efeito das condições operacionais (temperatura, pressão, vazão da solução, vazão do CO2, tipo de injetor e concentração de ibuprofeno sódico na solução etanólica) no rendimento de precipitação, teor de solvente residual, morfologia das partículas e consumo energético por unidade de produto processado foi investigado utilizando o método split-plot. Sal de ibuprofeno sódico foi micronizado com sucesso via Antissolvente Supercrítico (SAS) utilizando a unidade construída. A vazão de CO2 influenciou estatisticamente no rendimento de precipitação, enquanto que, não houve influência das condições operacionais no teor de solvente residual das partículas micronizadas. Com a apropriada seleção das condições operacionais, foi possível a obtenção de partículas de ibuprofeno sódico com morfologia de folha, sendo ideal para os processos de compressão do fármaco, com baixo teor de solvente residual e alto rendimento de precipitação. Neste trabalho também foi explorado o uso do ultrassom para a formulação de emulsões, contendo extrato rico em 'delta'-tocotrienol, com o intuito de aumentar o valor agregado deste extrato obtido das sementes de urucum por extração supercrítica com dióxido de carbono. As sementes de urucum já são valiosas pela característica de produzir pigmentos, a bixina e a norbixina. Contudo, essas sementes também vêm adquirindo notoriedade por conter outras substâncias de importância para a saúde do homem, como tocoferóis, tocotrienóis e geranil geraniol. Devido à importância desses compostos bioativos, que apresentam propriedades antioxidade, hidratante e fotoprotetora, este estudo visou o desenvolvimento de métodos para formação de emulsões permitindo a proteção desses compostos instáveis às condições adversas, aumentando assim o valor agregado dos extratos obtidos das sementes de urucum. Extrato de raiz de ginseng brasileiro, rico em saponinas, foi utilizado como biossurfactante. Adicionalmente, emulsões foram obtidas utilizando um homogeneizador tipo dispersor de fase múltipla na mesma densidade energética que foi aplicada no ultrassom. A influência do processo de emulsificação, densidade energética, concentração do biosurfactante, tipo de óleo e de biosurfactante no tamanho de gota e estabilidade da emulsão foi investigada. Os resultados indicaram que o extrato rico em saponinas pode ser uma boa opção para formulação de emulsões para aplicação em produtos alimentícios. Miniemulsões, com tamanho de gota variando entre 0,35 e 0,83 µm, foram obtidas, sendo que os menores tamanhos de gota foram observados empregando o extrato de raiz de ginseng e o ultrassom. O processo de emulsificação influenciou estatisticamente a estabilidade das emulsões / Abstract: The presented doctoral work is divided into two main themes under which one is about the use of supercritical technology for particle formation and the another one about the use of ultrasound for emulsion formulation. A literature review about the state of the art in using supercritical CO2 for micro and nanoparticles formation and encapsulation showed the potential of this technology. A homemade experimental apparatuses constructed by our research group and used for micro and nanoparticles formation has been validated using a model substance, the ibuprofen sodium salt. This drug was selected due to the literature information of the CO2-Ibuprofen system. The effect of operational conditions (temperature, pressure, CO2 flow rate, solution flow rate, injector and concentration of ibuprofen sodium in the ethanol solution) on the precipitation yield, energy consumption per unit of manufactured product, residual solvent content and particle morphology have been investigated using split-plot designs. Ibuprofen sodium salt was successfully micronized by Antisolvent Supercritical (SAS) using the constructed unit. The CO2 flow rate influenced the precipitation yield at statistically significant levels meanwhile none operating parameters did influence the residual solvent content in the micronized particles. Selecting appropriate process conditions, it has been shown to facilitate the production of homogeneous sheet-like microparticles of ibuprofen particles, the best for tableting purposes, with low residual solvent and high precipitation yield. In this work, the use of ultrasound has been also explored for fabricating microemulsion of 'delta'-tocotrienol-rich oil in order to add value to these extracts obtained from annatto seeds using supercritical extraction (SFE). The main pigments of annatto seeds are bixin and norbixin, wich are valuable natural colorants. However, these seeds have acquired notoriety by containing other important substances for human health, such as tocopherols, tocotrienols and geranylgeraniol. Due to the bioactive compounds importance, which have moisturizers, sunscreens and antioxidant properties, this study aimed to develop methods for emulsion formulation enabling the protection of these unstable compounds to adverse conditions, thus increasing the value of extracts from annatto seeds. Saponin-rich extract from Brazilian ginseng roots was used as biosurfactant. Additionally, emulsion was generated through mechanical stirring by dispax Reactor at the same energy density than ultrasound. The influence of the emulsification process, energy density, oil type, biosurfactant type and biosurfactant concentration on the size and stability of the resulting droplets was investigated. The results indicated that saponin-rich extract might be an attractive biosurfactant choice for emulsion formulations for use in food and beverage products. Mini-emulsions were obtained in this work; their droplet sizes ranged from 0.35 to 0.83 µm, saponin-rich extract and ultrasound gave the smallest droplet size. The emulsification process significantly affected the emulsion stability values / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutora em Engenharia de Alimentos

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-124). Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-124). Also available online.

Dietary vitamin E, highly expressed in palm oil, exists as either tocopherols or tocotrienols. Evidence indicates that vitamin Es maybe potent cancer preventive agents. In this study, the y- and O- isoforms of vitamin E were found to he the most effective at cancer cell growth inhibition, with the tocotrienols being more effective than the tocopherols in androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells. To assure that these compounds were selective toward cancer cells, the growth arrest of PrEC normal prostate cells was compared to PC-3 cells. At concentrations of -30 iM dietary, y-vitamin Es showed no signficant growth arrest on PrEC cell growth, hut selectively inhibited growth in the PC-3 cancer cells. Moreover y-Tocotrienol demonstrated a greater potential to inhibit growth in cancer cells at these lower concentrations than did y-Tocopherol. Two independent pathways important in carcinogenesis were tested: PPAR y and NFicB. The PPAR y was up regulated by both dietary y-vitamin Es by the modulation of the endogenous ligand 15-S-HETE, while NFicB was only regulated by y-Tocotrienol. The modulation of NFicB was confirmed by the down regulation of the pro-Apoptotic proteins clAP, xIAP, and BcL-2 which potentiate apoptosis and are down stream effectors of NFicB.

<p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the United States and estimated to affect 151,030 people and kill 52,580 people in 2022. Although some populations are more susceptible for CRC due to inherited cancer-causing mutations or having family history of CRC, most CRC cases occur sporadically with accumulation of a series of somatic mutation in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and DNA repair system in the colon. Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli <em>(APC)</em> and the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue <em>(KRAS)</em> are known as cancer driving mutations which are most frequently identified genetic lesions at early stages of sporadic CRC development. To evaluate effective drugs for prevention and treatment, preclinical models of CRC that resemble key features of human CRCs are crucial. Genetically modified mouse models (GEMM) of CRC bearing loss of <em>Apc</em> with or without other mutations, such as oncogenic <em>Kras</em> have been valuable tools to study pathobiology, treatment, and prevention of CRC. However, a major limitation of most <em>Apc</em>-mutant GEMMs is the predominant distribution of tumors in the small intestine rather than in the colon. Previously, a murine model bearing colon-specific mutations in <em>Apc</em> and <em>Kras</em> has been reported to develop colon-specific tumorigenesis in the colon, utilizing the <em>carbonic anhydrase 1 promoter/enhancer-Cre recombinase (CAC)</em> in Cre-LoxP system to restrict <em>Apc</em> knockout and a latent expression of oncogenic <em>Kras</em> in the colon tissue. However, only limited features of this model, so called AKC mouse, have been characterized so far. The lack of in depth understanding of this model could potentially hamper its utility for cancer research. Therefore, in Chapter 2 of this dissertation, I first characterized key aspects of disease-related phenotypes including clinical and histopathological features, tumor-elicited inflammation, the transcriptomic profiles, the gut microbial profiles in the AKC mice. Further, comparative analysis has been made on the transcriptomic profiles between AKC mice and human colon cancers with mutations in <em>APC</em> and <em>KRAS</em> at cancer stage II or below to evaluate the utility of the mouse model for studying human CRCs.</p> <p>Chemoprevention is the use of drugs or natural substances to inhibit initiation and delay of the progression of tumorigenesis, which could be a promising approach to reduce the incidence, mortality, and morbidity of CRC. Delta-tocotrienol (𝛿TE) is a natural analogue of vitamin E which has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Although its anticancer effects have been studied in different models of CRCs, including carcinogen-induced models, carcinogen-induced colitis-associated models, and colon cancer xenograft models, it has not been tested in a genetic model of sporadic CRC harboring <em>Apc</em> and <em>Kras</em> mutations. Therefore, in Chapter 3, the antitumor effects of 𝛿TE-rich tocotrienols (𝛿TE/gTE) and the potential mechanisms were investigated in AKC mice. 𝛿TE/𝛾TE-supplementation significantly improved the survival of AKC mice and suppressed tumorigenesis in association with inhibition of cell proliferation in the tumors. Further, the anti-tumor effects were correlated with reduction of pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic cytokines, such as interleukin-1b and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), transcriptional enrichment of pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism, and reduction of diacylglycerol (DG) level in the colon tissue.</p> <p>Finally, AKC mice were used for screening the efficacies of other potential chemoprevention candidates, including aspirin, sulindac, and resveratrol in Chapter 4. Aspirin and sulindac are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and they are among the most studied chemoprevention agents for CRC. However, the long-term regular use of NSAIDs may cause bleedings in the gastrointestinal organ system or hemorrhagic stroke. For aspirin, although extensive studies have shown its beneficial role in the prevention of primary CRC, there are mixed results for its benefit and harms, which may require further identification of populations who will benefit from the regular use of aspirin for prevention of CRC. Resveratrol is a naturally derived polyphenol, which is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities with generally good safety profile. In our study, when the dietary supplementation of three compounds alone or in combination with 𝛿TE/gTE were examined for its antineoplastic effects in the AKC mice, only aspirin significantly suppressed tumorigenesis with decreased pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic cytokines in the colon without overt toxicity. We found that sulindac induced serious gastric lesions and potential liver toxicity with some animals died earlier than the rest over the study period. Additionally, in this model, resveratrol was not effective in reducing tumorigenesis, in contrast to a previous study where the workgroup used similar genetic model of CRC but different modality to induce the mutations. Our findings add lines of evidence that depending on the use of different models the test compounds, aspirin, sulindac, and resveratrol may exhibit varying cancer prevention effects. Further research is warranted to identify underlying mechanisms that could explain the heterogenous responses to the test compounds and to optimize the interventions. </p>

O presente trabalho descreve o isolamento, identificação e determinação estrutural dos constituintes químicos das inflorescências e folhas de Iryanthera sagotiana e das inflorescências e pericarpos de I. lancifolia, espécies da família Myristicaceae, que ocorrem na Amazônia. A investigação fitoquímica das inflorescências de I. sagotiana (Benth.) Warb. forneceu, após extração, partição com solventes orgânicos e fracionamentos cromatográficos, quatro diidrochalconas: 2\',4\'-diidroxi-4,6\'- dimetoxidiidrochalcona (I) ; 2\',4\',6\'-triidróxi-4-metoxidiidrochalcona; 2\',4,4\'-triidróxi-6\'-metoxidiidrochalcona (II) e 2\',4\'-diidroxi-4-metóxi-6\'-glicopiranosil-diidrochalcona, sendo as duas últimas, inéditas. Foram também isolados e identificados o benzaldeído, o ácido diidro-p-cumárico, dois flavonóis glicosilados: afzelina e quercitrina e quatro flavanonóis glicosilados: engeletina, isoengeletina, astilbina e isoastilbina. Das folhas de I. sagotiana foram isoladas as diidrochalconas I, II e o dímero 3\',3\"\'-bis-2\', 4\',6\'-triidróxi-4-metoxidiidrochalcona, inédito na literatura, além da afzelina, quercitrina, engeletina e astilbina. Os pericarpos de I. lancifolia Ducke forneceram, após procedimentos cromatográficos, as diidrochalconas I e 2\',4-diidróxi-4\',6\'dimetoxidiidrochalcona, inédita, e três flavonolignóides também inéditos: rel (1\"R,2\"R,3\"S)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hidroxifenil-2\",3\"-dimetilbutil)-2\',4\'-diidróxi-4,6\'-dimetoxidiidrochalcona (III); rel (1\"R,2\"S,3\"R)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hidroxifenil-2\",3\"-dimetilbutil)-2\',4\'-diidróxi-4,6\'-dimetoxidiidrochalcona (IV) e 5\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hidroxifenil-2\",3\"-dimetilbutil)-2\',6\'-diidróxi-4,4\'dimetoxidiidrochalcona. Foram isoladas também três lactonas policetídicas inéditas: (2S,3S,4S)-2-(7-dodecenil)-3-hidróxi-4-metil-butanolido, rel (2S,3R,4S)-2-(7\'-dodecenil)-3-hidróxi-4-metil-butanolido e 2-dodecil-3-hidróxi-4-metil-but-2-enolido, além do tocotrienol 2,8-dimetil-2-(4,8,12-trimetil-3,7,11-tridecatrienil)-6-cromanol e da lignana (8R,TS,8\'S)-4,4\'diidróxi-2,7\'-ciclolignana. Das inflorescências de I. lancifolia foram isolados a diidrochalcona I, os flavonolignóides III e IV, o tocotrienol e o esteróide 3-&#946;-O-&#946;-D-galactopiranosilsitosterol. A elucidação estrutural das substâncias isoladas foi baseada em métodos espectrométricos: EM, RMN de 1H e 13C (PND e DEPT 135°), técnicas de RMN bidimensionais (HOMOCOSY e HETERO-COSY) e experimentos para a observação de NOE. Reações de acetilação e epoxidação foram efetuadas para se obterem derivados mais informativos. As atividades antioxidantes da afzelina, da quercitrina, do flavonolignóide IV e do tocotrienol foram avaliadas em comparação com a atividade antioxidante da vitamina E, empregando-se a inibição da autooxidação de homogenato de cérebro como modelo experimental. A capacidade antioxidante foi medida pela produção de malonildialdeído (MDA) e a concentração necessária para inibir 50% da autoxidação (Ql/2) foi calculada. Os valores de Ql/2 obtidos para afzelina, quercitrina, flavonolignóide, tocotrienol e vitamina E foram, respectivamente: 62,30; 2,29; 4,83; 1,08 e 11,20 &#181;M. Estes ensaios foram realizados pela pesquisadora Dra. Solange C. Davino e pela professora Dra. Sílvia B. M. Barros, da Faculdade de Ciências FarmacêutIcas da USP. / This work describes the isolation, identification and structural elucidation of chemical constituents from inflorescences and leaves of Iryanthera sagotiana (Myristicaceae) and from inflorescences and pericarps of I. lancifolia, collected in Amazon region. After extraction and partition with organic solvents and chromatographic fractionation, phytochemical analysis of inflorescences of I. sagotiana (Benth.) Warb. afforded four dihydrochalcones: 2\',4\'-dihydroxy-4,6\'dimethoxydihydrochalcone (I); 2\',4\',6\'-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-dihydrochalcone; and the new 2\',4,4\'-trihydroxy-6\'-methoxy-dihydrochalcone (II) and 2\',4\'-dihydroxy- 4-methoxy-6\'-glucopyranosyl-dihydrochalcone. Benzaldehyde, dihydro-p-cumaric acid besides two glycosylated flavonols: afzelin and quercitrin and four glycosylated flavanonols: engeletin, isoengeletin, astilbin and isoastilbin were also isolated and identified. Leaves of I. sagotiana yielded dihydrochalcones I, II and the new dimer 3\',3\"\'-bis-2\',4\',6\'-trihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone in addition to afzelin, quercitrin, engeletin and astilbin. Pericarps of I. lancifolia Ducke afforded, after fractionation procedures, dihydrochalcones I e 2\',4-dihydroxy-4\',6\'-dimethoxy-dihydrochalcone, which has not been reported in literature yet, as well as three new flavonolignoids: rel (1\"R,2\"R,3\"S)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-2\",3\"dimethylbutyl)-2\',4\'-dihydroxy-4,6\'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (III); rel (1\"R,2\"S,3\"R)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-2\",3\"-dimethylbutyl)-2\',4\'-dihydroxy-4,6\'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (IV) e 5\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-2\",3\"dimethylbutyl)-2\',6\'-dihydroxy-4,4\'-dimethoxy-dihydrochalcone. Three new polyketide lactones were also isolated: (2S,3S,4S)-2-(7-dodecenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-butanolide, rel (2S,3R,4S)-2-(7\'-dodecenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide e 2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-but-2-enolide, besides tocotrienol 2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-3,7,11-tridecatrienyl)-6-cromanol and lignan (8R,T\'S,8\'S)-4,4\'-dihydroxy-2, 7\'-cyclo1ignan. From inflorescences of I. lancifolia, dihydrochalcone I, flavonolignoids III e IV, tocotrienol and the steroid 3-&#946;-O-&#946;-D-galactopyranosylsitosterol were isolated. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds were based on spectrometric methods: MS, 1H and 13C NMR (PND and DEPT 135°), bidimensional NMR techniques (HOMOCOSY e HETERO-COSY) as well as NOE experiments. Acetylation and epoxidation reactions were carried out in order to get more informative derivatives. Antioxidant activities of afzelin, quercitrin, flavonolignoid IV and tocotrienol were evaluated in comparison with the antioxidant activity of vitamin E, using the inhibition of autoxidation of brain homogenates as a experimental model. The antioxidant capacity was measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the necessary concentration to inhibit 50% of autoxidation (Q12) was calculated. The following values of Q1/2 were obtained for afzelin, quercitrin, flavonolignoid, tocotrienol and vitamin E, respectively: 62,30; 2,29; 4,83; 1,08 e 11,20 &#181;M.

O presente trabalho descreve o isolamento, identificação e determinação estrutural dos constituintes químicos das inflorescências e folhas de Iryanthera sagotiana e das inflorescências e pericarpos de I. lancifolia, espécies da família Myristicaceae, que ocorrem na Amazônia. A investigação fitoquímica das inflorescências de I. sagotiana (Benth.) Warb. forneceu, após extração, partição com solventes orgânicos e fracionamentos cromatográficos, quatro diidrochalconas: 2\',4\'-diidroxi-4,6\'- dimetoxidiidrochalcona (I) ; 2\',4\',6\'-triidróxi-4-metoxidiidrochalcona; 2\',4,4\'-triidróxi-6\'-metoxidiidrochalcona (II) e 2\',4\'-diidroxi-4-metóxi-6\'-glicopiranosil-diidrochalcona, sendo as duas últimas, inéditas. Foram também isolados e identificados o benzaldeído, o ácido diidro-p-cumárico, dois flavonóis glicosilados: afzelina e quercitrina e quatro flavanonóis glicosilados: engeletina, isoengeletina, astilbina e isoastilbina. Das folhas de I. sagotiana foram isoladas as diidrochalconas I, II e o dímero 3\',3\"\'-bis-2\', 4\',6\'-triidróxi-4-metoxidiidrochalcona, inédito na literatura, além da afzelina, quercitrina, engeletina e astilbina. Os pericarpos de I. lancifolia Ducke forneceram, após procedimentos cromatográficos, as diidrochalconas I e 2\',4-diidróxi-4\',6\'dimetoxidiidrochalcona, inédita, e três flavonolignóides também inéditos: rel (1\"R,2\"R,3\"S)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hidroxifenil-2\",3\"-dimetilbutil)-2\',4\'-diidróxi-4,6\'-dimetoxidiidrochalcona (III); rel (1\"R,2\"S,3\"R)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hidroxifenil-2\",3\"-dimetilbutil)-2\',4\'-diidróxi-4,6\'-dimetoxidiidrochalcona (IV) e 5\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hidroxifenil-2\",3\"-dimetilbutil)-2\',6\'-diidróxi-4,4\'dimetoxidiidrochalcona. Foram isoladas também três lactonas policetídicas inéditas: (2S,3S,4S)-2-(7-dodecenil)-3-hidróxi-4-metil-butanolido, rel (2S,3R,4S)-2-(7\'-dodecenil)-3-hidróxi-4-metil-butanolido e 2-dodecil-3-hidróxi-4-metil-but-2-enolido, além do tocotrienol 2,8-dimetil-2-(4,8,12-trimetil-3,7,11-tridecatrienil)-6-cromanol e da lignana (8R,TS,8\'S)-4,4\'diidróxi-2,7\'-ciclolignana. Das inflorescências de I. lancifolia foram isolados a diidrochalcona I, os flavonolignóides III e IV, o tocotrienol e o esteróide 3-&#946;-O-&#946;-D-galactopiranosilsitosterol. A elucidação estrutural das substâncias isoladas foi baseada em métodos espectrométricos: EM, RMN de 1H e 13C (PND e DEPT 135°), técnicas de RMN bidimensionais (HOMOCOSY e HETERO-COSY) e experimentos para a observação de NOE. Reações de acetilação e epoxidação foram efetuadas para se obterem derivados mais informativos. As atividades antioxidantes da afzelina, da quercitrina, do flavonolignóide IV e do tocotrienol foram avaliadas em comparação com a atividade antioxidante da vitamina E, empregando-se a inibição da autooxidação de homogenato de cérebro como modelo experimental. A capacidade antioxidante foi medida pela produção de malonildialdeído (MDA) e a concentração necessária para inibir 50% da autoxidação (Ql/2) foi calculada. Os valores de Ql/2 obtidos para afzelina, quercitrina, flavonolignóide, tocotrienol e vitamina E foram, respectivamente: 62,30; 2,29; 4,83; 1,08 e 11,20 &#181;M. Estes ensaios foram realizados pela pesquisadora Dra. Solange C. Davino e pela professora Dra. Sílvia B. M. Barros, da Faculdade de Ciências FarmacêutIcas da USP. / This work describes the isolation, identification and structural elucidation of chemical constituents from inflorescences and leaves of Iryanthera sagotiana (Myristicaceae) and from inflorescences and pericarps of I. lancifolia, collected in Amazon region. After extraction and partition with organic solvents and chromatographic fractionation, phytochemical analysis of inflorescences of I. sagotiana (Benth.) Warb. afforded four dihydrochalcones: 2\',4\'-dihydroxy-4,6\'dimethoxydihydrochalcone (I); 2\',4\',6\'-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-dihydrochalcone; and the new 2\',4,4\'-trihydroxy-6\'-methoxy-dihydrochalcone (II) and 2\',4\'-dihydroxy- 4-methoxy-6\'-glucopyranosyl-dihydrochalcone. Benzaldehyde, dihydro-p-cumaric acid besides two glycosylated flavonols: afzelin and quercitrin and four glycosylated flavanonols: engeletin, isoengeletin, astilbin and isoastilbin were also isolated and identified. Leaves of I. sagotiana yielded dihydrochalcones I, II and the new dimer 3\',3\"\'-bis-2\',4\',6\'-trihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone in addition to afzelin, quercitrin, engeletin and astilbin. Pericarps of I. lancifolia Ducke afforded, after fractionation procedures, dihydrochalcones I e 2\',4-dihydroxy-4\',6\'-dimethoxy-dihydrochalcone, which has not been reported in literature yet, as well as three new flavonolignoids: rel (1\"R,2\"R,3\"S)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-2\",3\"dimethylbutyl)-2\',4\'-dihydroxy-4,6\'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (III); rel (1\"R,2\"S,3\"R)-3\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-2\",3\"-dimethylbutyl)-2\',4\'-dihydroxy-4,6\'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (IV) e 5\'-(1\",4\"-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-2\",3\"dimethylbutyl)-2\',6\'-dihydroxy-4,4\'-dimethoxy-dihydrochalcone. Three new polyketide lactones were also isolated: (2S,3S,4S)-2-(7-dodecenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-butanolide, rel (2S,3R,4S)-2-(7\'-dodecenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide e 2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-but-2-enolide, besides tocotrienol 2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-3,7,11-tridecatrienyl)-6-cromanol and lignan (8R,T\'S,8\'S)-4,4\'-dihydroxy-2, 7\'-cyclo1ignan. From inflorescences of I. lancifolia, dihydrochalcone I, flavonolignoids III e IV, tocotrienol and the steroid 3-&#946;-O-&#946;-D-galactopyranosylsitosterol were isolated. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds were based on spectrometric methods: MS, 1H and 13C NMR (PND and DEPT 135°), bidimensional NMR techniques (HOMOCOSY e HETERO-COSY) as well as NOE experiments. Acetylation and epoxidation reactions were carried out in order to get more informative derivatives. Antioxidant activities of afzelin, quercitrin, flavonolignoid IV and tocotrienol were evaluated in comparison with the antioxidant activity of vitamin E, using the inhibition of autoxidation of brain homogenates as a experimental model. The antioxidant capacity was measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the necessary concentration to inhibit 50% of autoxidation (Q12) was calculated. The following values of Q1/2 were obtained for afzelin, quercitrin, flavonolignoid, tocotrienol and vitamin E, respectively: 62,30; 2,29; 4,83; 1,08 e 11,20 &#181;M.