• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Socioecologia de macacos-prego (cebus libidinosus) em área de ecótono cerrado/caatinga / Socioecology of bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) in an area of ecotone cerrado/caatinga

Verderane, Michele Pereira 18 June 2010 (has links)
Os primatas exibem uma grande diversidade de sistemas sociais e a socioecologia propõe uma abordagem para o estudo da evolução dessa diversidade, através da análise das relações entre comportamento social, ecologia e dinâmica de populações. Primatas do gênero Cebus exibem vasta distribuição geográfica e grande flexibilidade alimentar e comportamental e, portanto, são modelos ideais para o teste das previsões dos modelos. Além disso, algumas populações exibem o uso espontâneo de ferramentas para processar alimentos. Embora seja reconhecido que o uso de ferramentas pode alterar as características de recursos alimentares, o impacto dessa técnica nunca foi incorporado às previsões dos modelos socioecológicos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram (1) estudar as relações sociais de fêmeas de uma população selvagem de Cebus libidinosus, que utiliza ferramentas, em área de ecótono Cerrado/Caatinga, à luz dos modelos socioecológicos, investigando se o uso de ferramentas afeta o padrão das relações estabelecidas entre elas, e (2) estudar o orçamento de atividades, a dieta e o uso de substratos, avaliando se fatores ecológicos afetam o tempo de atividades e a dieta desses animais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Fazenda Boa Vista (BV), localizada no município de Gilbués, ao Sul do estado do Piauí. Foram estudados dois grupos de macacos (ZA e CH), entre maio de 2006 e abril de 2008. Os resultados mostram que a oferta de alimento na BV não sofreu variação ao longo desta pesquisa, assim como o orçamento de atividades dos animais. Frutos e invertebrados foram os principais alimentos consumidos pelos macacos, enquanto recursos obtidos com ferramentas foram pouco representativos na dieta. Diferenças sexuais no padrão de atividades e dieta sugerem que as fêmeas possuem uma demanda energética maior e/ou que são forrageadoras menos eficientes do que os machos, enquanto as diferenças entre faixas etárias indicam que os juvenis são forrageadores menos eficientes do que os adultos. Frutos, que são recursos de alta qualidade nutricional, discretamente distribuídos no ambiente e usurpáveis, foram o principal alimento das fêmeas, e o tamanho das fontes alimentares discretas variou entre intermediário e grande. O sistema social da população de estudo correspondeu ao padrão Residente-Nepotista-Tolerante (filopatria de fêmeas, formação de hierarquia de dominância linear e estável, relações de catação e coalizão entre fêmeas), corroborando a previsão dos modelos para primatas que se alimentam de recursos de alto valor energético, com distribuição discreta e usurpáveis, e que estão submetidas a forte competição direta intra e entre grupos por alimento. O padrão de atividades, a dieta, o uso de substratos e a estrutura social de C. libidinosus da BV foram semelhantes ao padrão encontrado para algumas populações de Cebus que não utilizam ferramentas, indicando que o uso desses artefatos não alterou significativamente o tempo de atividades e a dieta dos animais da BV, nem os regimes competitivos e a dinâmica das relações entre fêmeas. Contudo, é possível que o impacto do uso de ferramentas sobre esses aspectos comportamentais seja mais evidente em populações que dependam prioritariamente de alimentos extraídos com ferramentas / Primates exhibit a wide diversity of social systems. Socioecology proposes an approach for studying the evolution of this diversity, by analyzing the relationship between social behavior, ecology and population dynamics. Primates of the genus Cebus exhibit a wide geographic distribution and a related diet and behavioral flexibility, thus are ideal for testing predictions from the socioecological model. In addition, some populations exhibit the spontaneous use of tools for processing food. Although it is recognized that the use of tools may change the characteristics of food resources, the impact of this technique was never incorporated into the predictions of socioecological models. Our aims were (1) to study the social relationships of females of a wild tool using population of Cebus libidinosus, in an area of ecotone Cerrado/Caatinga, in the light of socioecological models, investigating whether the use of tools affects the pattern of females social relationships, and (2) to study the activity budget, diet and substrate use, assessing whether ecological factors affect these behavioural patterns of the animals. This research was conducted at Fazenda Boa Vista (BV), located in the municipality of Gilbués, south of Piauí state. We studied two groups of monkeys (ZA and CH), between May 2006 and April 2008. The results show that the amount of available food did not change in BV during the research period, as well as the activity budget of the animals. Fruits and invertebrates were the main foods eaten by the monkeys, while foods obtained with the aid of tools represented a small proportion of their diet. Sex differences in diet and activity patterns suggest that females have a higher energy demand and/or are less efficient foragers than males, while the differences between age groups indicate that juveniles are less efficient foragers than adults. Fruits, which are a high quality, patchily distributed and usurpable food resource, were the main food for females, and the size of patchy food sources ranged from intermediate to large. The social system of the study population corresponded to the standard Resident-nepotistictolerant (philopatry of females, linear dominance hierarchy and stable relations of grooming and coalition between females), supporting the models predictions for primates that feed on high quality, patchily distributed and usurpable food resources, and are subject to strong direct competition within and between groups for food. The pattern of activities, diet, substrate use and the social structure of C. libidinosus at BV were similar to the pattern found in some populations of Cebus that do not use tools, indicating that the use of these artifacts did not significantly alter the activity period and the diet of animals in the BV or the competitive regimes and the dynamics of relations between females. However, it is possible that the impact of using tools on behavioral aspects is most evident in populations that depend primarily on foods extracted with the aid of tools
2

Socioecologia de macacos-prego (cebus libidinosus) em área de ecótono cerrado/caatinga / Socioecology of bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) in an area of ecotone cerrado/caatinga

Michele Pereira Verderane 18 June 2010 (has links)
Os primatas exibem uma grande diversidade de sistemas sociais e a socioecologia propõe uma abordagem para o estudo da evolução dessa diversidade, através da análise das relações entre comportamento social, ecologia e dinâmica de populações. Primatas do gênero Cebus exibem vasta distribuição geográfica e grande flexibilidade alimentar e comportamental e, portanto, são modelos ideais para o teste das previsões dos modelos. Além disso, algumas populações exibem o uso espontâneo de ferramentas para processar alimentos. Embora seja reconhecido que o uso de ferramentas pode alterar as características de recursos alimentares, o impacto dessa técnica nunca foi incorporado às previsões dos modelos socioecológicos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram (1) estudar as relações sociais de fêmeas de uma população selvagem de Cebus libidinosus, que utiliza ferramentas, em área de ecótono Cerrado/Caatinga, à luz dos modelos socioecológicos, investigando se o uso de ferramentas afeta o padrão das relações estabelecidas entre elas, e (2) estudar o orçamento de atividades, a dieta e o uso de substratos, avaliando se fatores ecológicos afetam o tempo de atividades e a dieta desses animais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Fazenda Boa Vista (BV), localizada no município de Gilbués, ao Sul do estado do Piauí. Foram estudados dois grupos de macacos (ZA e CH), entre maio de 2006 e abril de 2008. Os resultados mostram que a oferta de alimento na BV não sofreu variação ao longo desta pesquisa, assim como o orçamento de atividades dos animais. Frutos e invertebrados foram os principais alimentos consumidos pelos macacos, enquanto recursos obtidos com ferramentas foram pouco representativos na dieta. Diferenças sexuais no padrão de atividades e dieta sugerem que as fêmeas possuem uma demanda energética maior e/ou que são forrageadoras menos eficientes do que os machos, enquanto as diferenças entre faixas etárias indicam que os juvenis são forrageadores menos eficientes do que os adultos. Frutos, que são recursos de alta qualidade nutricional, discretamente distribuídos no ambiente e usurpáveis, foram o principal alimento das fêmeas, e o tamanho das fontes alimentares discretas variou entre intermediário e grande. O sistema social da população de estudo correspondeu ao padrão Residente-Nepotista-Tolerante (filopatria de fêmeas, formação de hierarquia de dominância linear e estável, relações de catação e coalizão entre fêmeas), corroborando a previsão dos modelos para primatas que se alimentam de recursos de alto valor energético, com distribuição discreta e usurpáveis, e que estão submetidas a forte competição direta intra e entre grupos por alimento. O padrão de atividades, a dieta, o uso de substratos e a estrutura social de C. libidinosus da BV foram semelhantes ao padrão encontrado para algumas populações de Cebus que não utilizam ferramentas, indicando que o uso desses artefatos não alterou significativamente o tempo de atividades e a dieta dos animais da BV, nem os regimes competitivos e a dinâmica das relações entre fêmeas. Contudo, é possível que o impacto do uso de ferramentas sobre esses aspectos comportamentais seja mais evidente em populações que dependam prioritariamente de alimentos extraídos com ferramentas / Primates exhibit a wide diversity of social systems. Socioecology proposes an approach for studying the evolution of this diversity, by analyzing the relationship between social behavior, ecology and population dynamics. Primates of the genus Cebus exhibit a wide geographic distribution and a related diet and behavioral flexibility, thus are ideal for testing predictions from the socioecological model. In addition, some populations exhibit the spontaneous use of tools for processing food. Although it is recognized that the use of tools may change the characteristics of food resources, the impact of this technique was never incorporated into the predictions of socioecological models. Our aims were (1) to study the social relationships of females of a wild tool using population of Cebus libidinosus, in an area of ecotone Cerrado/Caatinga, in the light of socioecological models, investigating whether the use of tools affects the pattern of females social relationships, and (2) to study the activity budget, diet and substrate use, assessing whether ecological factors affect these behavioural patterns of the animals. This research was conducted at Fazenda Boa Vista (BV), located in the municipality of Gilbués, south of Piauí state. We studied two groups of monkeys (ZA and CH), between May 2006 and April 2008. The results show that the amount of available food did not change in BV during the research period, as well as the activity budget of the animals. Fruits and invertebrates were the main foods eaten by the monkeys, while foods obtained with the aid of tools represented a small proportion of their diet. Sex differences in diet and activity patterns suggest that females have a higher energy demand and/or are less efficient foragers than males, while the differences between age groups indicate that juveniles are less efficient foragers than adults. Fruits, which are a high quality, patchily distributed and usurpable food resource, were the main food for females, and the size of patchy food sources ranged from intermediate to large. The social system of the study population corresponded to the standard Resident-nepotistictolerant (philopatry of females, linear dominance hierarchy and stable relations of grooming and coalition between females), supporting the models predictions for primates that feed on high quality, patchily distributed and usurpable food resources, and are subject to strong direct competition within and between groups for food. The pattern of activities, diet, substrate use and the social structure of C. libidinosus at BV were similar to the pattern found in some populations of Cebus that do not use tools, indicating that the use of these artifacts did not significantly alter the activity period and the diet of animals in the BV or the competitive regimes and the dynamics of relations between females. However, it is possible that the impact of using tools on behavioral aspects is most evident in populations that depend primarily on foods extracted with the aid of tools
3

Aspects of the family in Ancient Egypt

Mbokazi, Jabulani Tadeus 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Ancient Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with the ancient Egyptian family. Cultural anthropology is used as a point of departure to reconstruct the daily lives of the ancient Egyptians. Cultural anthropology usually applies to living communities but most of the principles it uses are just as relevant in the study of a dead culture. The emphasis of this study is on the different cultural domains, which include education, religion, family livelihoods, family recreation, entertaimnent and travel and social organization and how these are interrelated. Most of our ancient Egyptian knowledge comes from the tombs of wealthy individuals, and thus incomplete since we have no record of how peasants perceived the world, as they could not afford a good burial. Other sources are the ancient documents and artefacts from town sites all associated with wealthy individuals. While peasants were too poor to send their children to school, wealthier Egyptians did send their children to school especially boys. Agriculture was central in ancient Egyptian life. The nobility and other higher classes depended on the toil of the peasant for basic commodities and food. The peasant families in the rural areas were unable to attend the lavish festivals in the cities. Their basic focus was centred on their homes, families and on the success of the harvest. The peasant had his own private god or gods to whom he could tum for aid or comfort in times of trouble. Surplus items of food, clothing, oil and such like could be used for barter for purchasing essential items for everyday living. During their spare time the Egyptian families entertained friends, engaged in the various pastimes and travel. The peasant, as providers of food, formed an important social base for the Egyptian state. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handel oor die Egiptiese familie. Kulturele antropologie word gebruik as metode om die daaglikse lewe van die antieke Egiptenare te rekonstrueer. Kulturele antropologie word gewoonlik op "lewende" gemeenskappe toegepas, maar die beginsels daarvan is net so relevant vir die bestudering van "dooie" kulture. Die fokus van hierdie studie is op die verskillende kulturele domeine wat insluit onderrig, religie, familie aktiwiteite, familie ontspanning, vermaak, reis en sosiale organisasie en hoe hierdie domeine op mekaar inwerk. Meeste van die kennis oor antieke Egipte word verkry uit die grafte van ryk individue en is daarom gebrekkig ten opsigte van kleinboere en hul siening van die wêreld, omdat hulle nie behoorlike grafte kon bekostig nie. Ander bronne is die antieke tekste en artefakte wat gevind word in dorpe, wat ook meestal behoort het aan ryk persone. Die kleinboere kon nie bekostig om hul kinders na 'n skool te stuur nie, maar ryk Egiptenare kon wel - veral dan seuns. Landbou was baie belangrik tot Egiptiese lewe. Die aristokrasie en ander klasse was afhanklik van die sukkelbestaan van kleinboere om hulle te voorsien van die basiese goedere en voedsel. Kleinboer families, wat in die platteland gebly het kon nie die groot feeste in die stede bywoon nie. Hul persoonlike oortuigings het daarom gefokus op die huishouding, familie en suksesvolle oeste. Kleinboere het 'n persoonlike god of gode gehad wat tot hul hulp kon kom, of troos kon bied in tye van krisis. Surplus goedere soos, onder andere, voedsel, klere en olie kon as ruilmiddel gebruik word om ander items wat benodig word, te bekom. In vrye tyd het families vriende onthaal, verskillende stokperdjies beoefen en rondgereis. Die kleinboere, as verskaffers van voedsel, het 'n belangrike sosiale basis van die Egiptiese staat gevorm.

Page generated in 0.0529 seconds