Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1971. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-43). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1971. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-43).

Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1987. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Mauro Pedrine Santamaria / Resumo: Estudos clínicos avaliaram diferentes opções de tratamento cirúrgico-restaurador para tratar recessões unitárias associadas à LCNC. No entanto, apesar de serem um achado comum, evidências insuficientes estão disponíveis na literatura a respeito do tratamento de recessões múltiplas associadas à LCNC e o protocolo clínico ideal para o tratamento deste tipo de lesões ainda não foi estabelecido. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar dois protocolos multidisciplinares distintos por meio de um estudo clínico controlado e randomizado. Para tal, foram tratados 40 pacientes portadores de recessões múltiplas associadas à LCNC, os quais foram alocados aleatoriamente em um dos seguintes grupos: grupo teste (n=20), restauração parcial da lesão cervical e retalho posicionado coronariamente modificado associado ao enxerto de matriz dérmica acelular de origem suína (MCAF+PR+XDM) e grupo controle (n=20), restauração parcial da lesão cervical e retalho posicionado coronariamente modificado associado ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (MCAF+PR+CTG). Após 6 meses, as taxas de recobrimento radicular foram 71,2% (2.5±1.1mm) para MCAF+PR+CTG e 59,7% (2±1.3mm) para MCAF+PR+XDM (p=0,1). MCAF+PR+CTG apresentou maior ganho de tecido queratinizado (p<0,05). MCAF+PR+XDM resultaram em menor dor pós-operatória e menor tempo de cirurgia (p=0,001). Ambos os grupos resultaram em melhorias na estética, sem diferença entre os grupos (p>0,05). Por conseguinte, dentro das limitações do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Clinical studies assessed different surgical-restorative treatment options to lead to single recessions associated with NCCL. However, although they are a common finding, insufficient evidence is available in the literature concerning about the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions associated with non-carious cervical lesions and the optimal clinical protocol for the treatment of these lesions has not been established. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare two different multidisciplinary protocols by means of a randomized controlled clinical trial. For such purpose, forty patients with multiple adjacent gingival recessions associated with NCCL were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of the following groups: test group (n=20), partial restoration of cervical lesion and modified coronally advanced flap for root coverage associated with porcine acellular dermal matrix (MCAF+PR+XDM) and control group (n=20), partial restoration of cervical lesion and modified coronally advanced flap associated with connective tissue graft (MCAF+PR+CTG). After 6 months, CD coverage rates were 71,2% (2.5±1.1mm) for MCAF+PR+CTG and 59,7% (2±1.3mm) for MCAF+PR+XDM (p=0,1). MCAF+PR+CTG resulted in greater gain of keratinized tissue (p<0,05). MCAF+PR+XDM resulted in lower postoperative pain and shorter surgical time (p=0,001). Within the limitations of the present study, both groups resulted in esthetic improvements (p>0,05). MCAF +PR + CTG and MCAF+PR+XDM were effective to treat ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel. Material and methods: Forty-six bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2-specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (a=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The Interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Results: All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation. Conclusions: All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC. / This study was supported in part by grants given by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Process no. 2009/14986-0, and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Process no. 480038/2007-4. In Addition, this study was performed by V.D.M. and A.C.H. as fulfillment of their graduation research, which was supported by FAPESP (Processes no. 2009/01376-9 and 2009/01377-5, respectively). The authors are also grateful to Oral B and SDI, which donated the materials used in the study. / Revisión por pares

This study evaluated the impact of orange juice on the bond strength (BS) of dentin bonding systems (DBSs) to enamel surface after simulation with an in situ/ ex vivo erosive cycling. One hundred and ninety two bovine enamel fragments (4x4x2 mm) were obtained and randomized regarding superficial microhardness and distributed to palatal devices for 8 volunteers, in three phases (one for each DBS), containing 8 blocks, which were, allocated in 4 pairs. Daily, these pairs were subjected extraorally to the following conditions: CONTneither erosive nor abrasive challenge; ERO- erosive challenge only; ABR- abrasive challenge only and ERO + ABR- with erosive and abrasive challenges. Erosive cycles (immersion in orange juice, 3 times/day/5 min/5 days) or/and abrasive challenges (electric toothbrush, 3 times/day/1 min/5 days) were performed. After these cycles, all specimens were restored with the adhesive systems Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP), Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) or Clearfil SE Bond (SE), and the composite resin Filtek Z250. After 7 days, sticks (area ≅1 mm2) were obtained and subjected to the microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) at 0.5 mm/min. Data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=0.05). Failure modes were determined using a digital microscope (40×). DBS was the only statistical significant factor. SE was the unique DBS not affected in any challenge, whereas MP and SB performed according to the scenario. The adhesive and mixed failures were predominant in all groups. Overall performance suggested that BS to enamel after erosive /abrasive challenged by orange juice was not affected and it was material-dependent

Este projeto teve como objetivos investigar o efeito do íon ferro (Fe+2), associado ou não ao íon flúor (F-), na redução da erosão do esmalte e da dentina bovinos, bem como desenvolver e avaliar um dentifrício enriquecido com Fe+2 para a prevenção da erosão associada à abrasão. Foram realizados 4 subprojetos: (1) Determinação do efeito protetor de concentrações crescentes do Fe+2 (0 a 120 mmol/L) associadas ou não ao F- (0 a 4 g/mL), contra a dissolução do pó de esmalte bovino in vitro; (2) Avaliação, in vitro, do efeito protetor do Fe+2 a 10 mmol/L contra a dissolução mineral da superfície do esmalte bovino; (3) Desenvolvimento e avaliação, in vitro, de dentifrícios fluoretados enriquecidos com diferentes concentrações de Fe+2, visando à prevenção da perda mineral do esmalte bovino; (4) Avaliação, in situ, do efeito inibidor do dentifrício acrescido de Fe+2 e F- na desmineralização do esmalte e dentina bovinos sadios ou previamente erodidos. As variáveis de resposta utilizadas foram a quantificação da perda de fósforo (colorimetria) e o desgaste (perfilometria, m) para os subprojetos 1 e 2, e 3 e 4, respectivamente. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (p<0,05). Para o Subprojeto (1), a ANOVA a 2 critérios e o teste de Bonferroni revelaram que soluções contendo Fe+2 a 1,25, 2,5, 5,0, 10, 15 e 30 mmol/L reduziram significativamente a dissolução do pó de esmalte bovino em 18, 18, 23, 35, 35 e 55%, respectivamente, em comparação ao controle (sem Fe+2). Na presença de F-, o efeito do Fe+2 na inibição da dissolução do esmalte foi reduzido, não havendo efeito sinérgico entre estes íons nas condições testadas. No Subprojeto (2), a ANOVA a 2 critérios e o teste de Bonferroni, mostraram uma redução significativa na desmineralização da superfície do esmalte bovino em torno de 30 a 40%, quando se utilizou solução de Fe+2 a 10 mmol/L. No Subprojeto (3), a ANOVA revelou diferença significativa entre os grupos (Placebo, 1100 g/mL de F-, Crest®, Fe+2 1,0 mg/g, Fe+2 2,5 mg/g, Fe+2 5,0 mg/g, F- (1100 g/mL) + Fe+2 1,0 mg/g, F- (1100 g/mL) + Fe+2 2,5 mg/g e F- (1100 g/mL) + Fe+2 5,0 mg/g) (F=4,734, p<0,0001). O menor desgaste (0,48±0,24 m) foi apresentado pelo grupo em que foi utilizado o dentifrício contendo 1100 g/mL F- e 5 mg/g Fe+2. No Subprojeto (4), para o esmalte hígido a ANOVA a 2 critérios revelou uma diferença significativa entre os dentifrícios, (F=21,72, p<0,0001), mas não entre as condições (só erosão, erosão + slurry, erosão + abrasão) (F=1,20, p=0,32) e nem para a interação entre ambos (F = 1,04, p=0,41). O teste de Bonferroni revelou que os blocos que receberam o dentifrício contendo Fe+2 e F- apresentaram valores de desgaste significativamente menores quando comparados aos blocos submetidos aos demais dentifrícios, os quais não diferiram significativamente entre si. Para a dentina hígida, o esmalte previamente erodido e a dentina previamente erodida, o mesmo padrão foi seguido, apesar destes dois últimos terem apresentado valores de desgaste maiores que aqueles observados para os blocos hígidos. / The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of iron (Fe+2) associated or not to fluoride (F-) on the reduction of bovine enamel and dentin erosion, as well as to develop and evaluate a dentifrice containing Fe+2 to prevent erosion associated to abrasion. Four subprojects were done: (1) In vitro determination of the protective effect of increasing Fe+2 concentrations (0 to 120 mmol/L) associated or not to F- (0 to 4 g/mL) against the dissolution of powdered enamel; (2) In vitro evaluation of the protective effect of 10 mol/L Fe+2 against the mineral dissolution of superficial bovine enamel; (3) Development and in vitro evaluation of fluorided dentifrices containing different Fe+2 concentrations in order to prevent the mineral loss of bovine enamel; and (4) In situ evaluation of the effect of a dentifrice containing Fe+2 and F- on the demineralization of sound or previously eroded bovine enamel and dentin. The response variables were quantification of phosphate loss (colorimetry) and tooth wear (perfilometry, m) for the subprojects 1 and 2, and 3 and 4, respectively. Data were submitted to statistical analyses (p <0.05). In subproject (1), two-way ANOVA and Bonferronis test revealed that solutions containing 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 30.0 mmol/L Fe+2 significantly reduced the dissolution of powdered enamel at 18, 18, 23, 35, 35 and 55%, respectively, in comparison to control (without Fe+2). In the presence of F-, the effect of Fe+2 on the dissolution of enamel was reduced and no synergistic effect between these ions was observed in the tested conditions. In Subproject (2), two-way ANOVA and Bonferronis test showed a significant reduction on surface demineralization of bovine enamel (around 30-40%), when the solution containing Fe+2 at 10 mmol/L was used. In Subproject (3), ANOVA revealed a significant difference among the groups (Placebo, 1,100 g/mL F, Crest®, 1.0 mg/g Fe+2, 2.5 mg/g Fe+2, 5.0 mg/g Fe+2, F- (1, 100 g/mL) + 1,0 mg/g Fe+2, F- (1100 g/mL) + 2,5 mg/g Fe+2 and F- (1,100 g/mL) + 5,0 mg/g Fe+2) (F=4,734, p<0,0001). The lowest wear (0.48±0.24 m) was observed when the dentifrice containing F + Fe was used. In Subproject (4), for sound enamel, two-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference among the dentifrices, (F=21.72, p<0.0001), but not among the conditions (erosion only, erosion + slurry, erosion + abrasion) (F=1.20, p=0.32) or for the interaction of both (F = 1.04, p=0.41). The Bonferronis test revealed that the blocks which received the dentifrice containing Fe+2 and F- presented significantly lesser wear when compared to the blocks submitted to the other dentifrices, which did not differ significantly among each other. As for sound dentin as well as for previously eroded enamel and dentin, the same pattern was obtained but the latter two presented wear values higher than those seen for the sound blocks.

Submitted by CAMILA AUGUSTO SILVEIRA null (mila_rock_bull@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-25T17:55:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Camila 25.01.2016 final pdf.pdf: 1354976 bytes, checksum: 4ab9699639ad08683e783abe0d66648c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-01-26T12:07:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 silveira_ca_me_sjc_int.pdf: 1354976 bytes, checksum: 4ab9699639ad08683e783abe0d66648c (MD5) silveira_ca_me_sjc_par.pdf: 411993 bytes, checksum: b5c5a046719cd7dd1155e259de7e081c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:07:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 silveira_ca_me_sjc_int.pdf: 1354976 bytes, checksum: 4ab9699639ad08683e783abe0d66648c (MD5) silveira_ca_me_sjc_par.pdf: 411993 bytes, checksum: b5c5a046719cd7dd1155e259de7e081c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar um novo protocolo multidisciplinar por meio de um estudo clínico randomizado para o tratamento de recessões gengivais associadas à lesão cervical não-cariosa. Foram selecionados 40 pacientes alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo Teste (n=20), restauração parcial da lesão cervical e cirurgia para recobrimento radicular com enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (CTG+RP) e Grupo Controle (n=20), aplainamento da lesão cervical e cirurgia para recobrimento radicular com enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (CTG). Os grupos foram comparados quanto ao sangramento à sondagem (SS), índice de placa (IP), recessão gengival relativa (RGR), nível clínico de inserção (NIC), altura e largura das papilas (AL, LP),altura e espessura do tecido queratinizado (ATQ e ETQ), profundidade da lesão cervical (PLC), hipersensibilidade dentinária (HD) e na avaliação estética (MRES) durante um período de 6 meses. Após 6 meses, as porcentagens médias de recobrimento da altura da lesão cervical não-cariosa foram de 72,34±25,2 para o grupo teste e 74,85±33,1 para o grupo controle, sem diferença estatística entre eles. Foi notada diferença estatisticamente significante quando a hipersensibilidade cervical foi analisada. O grupo teste mostrou-se mais eficaz em 6 meses de acompanhamento na resolução desse sintoma (p=0,034). Na análise individual dos parâmetros da escala MRES, o grupo teste mostrou um melhor contorno gengival com diferença significante em relação ao grupo controle. Nos demais parâmetros, não houve diferenças significantes. Dentro dos limites do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que ambos os tratamentos foram efetivos e que a presença da restauração parcial de resina composta não interfere na taxa de recobrimento quando o retalho posicionado coronariamente associado ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo é utilizado para o tratamento de recessões gengivais associadas à lesão cervical não-cariosa, além de proporcionar um melhor controle da hipersensibilidade dentinária e resultado estético mais harmonioso. / The aim of this study was to evaluate a new multidisciplinary protocol by means of a randomized controlled clinical trial for the treatment of gingival recession associated with cervical lesion non-carious. Were selected 40 patients randomly allocated to one of the following groups: Test group (n = 20), partial restoration of cervical lesion and surgery for root coverage with connective tissue graft (CTG + PR) and control group (n = 20), planning of non-carious cervical lesion and surgery for root coverage with connective tissue graft (CTG + RT). The groups were compared as to bleeding on probing (BOP), biofilm accumulation (IP), relative gingival recession (RGR), clinical attachment level (CAL), height and width of papillae (PH, PW), height and thickness of keratinized tissue (KTH and KTT), depth of the cervical lesion (CLD), dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and aesthetic evaluation (AE) for a period of 6 months. Average percentage rates of root coverage for test and control group were 72.34% and 74.85%, respectively. No significant statistical difference between test and control was observed regarding root coverage. A significant difference (p=0.034) was found for dentin sensitivity when control and test were compared. The test group showed better results regarding this parameter. The individual aesthetic analysis of MRES parameters, the test group showed a better gingival contour with a significant difference compared to the control group. When the other parameters were compared between the two groups, no difference was found. Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that both treatments were effective and that the presence of the partial restoration composite resin does not affect the root coverage when the coronally advanced flap associated with connective tissue graft is used for the treatment of gingival recession associated with non-carious cervical lesion, and provide better control of dentin hypersensitivity and harmonious aesthetic results.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-03-06Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000134871.pdf: 7061870 bytes, checksum: 73e133b2649ba2fd2f69348825cc9651 (MD5) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a microinfiltração marginal de cavidades de classe V preparadas com turbina de alta rotação (AR), jato abrasivo (AB), ultra-som (US) e laser de Er:YAG (LA) e restauradas com um sistema adesivo multi-passos e um auto-condicionante. Foram selecionados 160 incisivos bovinos para prepare das cavidades na face vestibular, com margem gengival localizada na junção esmalte-cemento e margem oclusal em esmalte. Os materiais utilizados foram Scotchbond Multi-uso Plus/3M (SBMUP), Etch&Prime 3.0/Degussa (EP) e a resina composta Z1 00/3M. Os dentes foram divididos em oito grupos de vinte, de acordo com equipamento e sistema adesivo empregado: a) AR + SBMUP; b) AR + EP; c) AB + SBMUP; d) AB + EP; e) US+ SBMUP; f) US+ EP; g) LA+ SBMUP; e h) LA+ EP. Os dentes restaurados foram armazenados a 37°C par 6 dias, termociclados (500: 5-55°C) e colocados em solução de Rodamina B a 2% por 24 horas. Em seguida foram seccionados e avaliados em lupa estereomicroscópica para determinar o grau de microinfiltração segundo uma escala de 0 a 4. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos de Sinais de pastas de Wilcoxon, Kruskai-Wallis e Tukey. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as margens, com maior microinfiltração na cervical; o melhor selamento marginal foi obtido no grupo US/SBMUP; não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os preparos cavitários realizados com laser de Er: YAG e alta-rotação e alta-rotação e abrasão a ar; os maiores valores de microinfiltração foram obtidos no grupo AB/EP / The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the marginal microleakage of class V prepared with high-speed (HS}, air abrasion (AA), ultrasound (US) and Er:YAG /aser(LA), and restored with multi-step or self-etching adhesives systems. One-hundred-sixty incisives bovine teeth were selected for the cavity preparation on the buccal surface with the gingival margin at the enamel-cement junction and occlusal margin in enamel. The materials Scotchbond Multi Purpose/3M (SBMUP) and Etch&Prime 3.0/Degussa (EP) and Z10013M composite resin were used in this study. The teeth were divided in eigth groups with 20 teeth in each froup according to the equipment and to the adhesive system used: HS + SBMUP; HS +EP; AA +SBMUP; AA + EP; US+ SBMUP; US+ EP; LA+ SBMUP; LA + EP. The restored teeth were stored at 37CC for 6 days, thermocycled (500: 5-55 C) and kept in a 2% Rodamine B solution tor 24 hours. After this they were seccioned and evaluated through stereomicroscope in order to determine the micro/eakage degree according to 0-4 score. The data were submitted to the Wilkoxon, KruskaiWal/ is and tukey statistical tests. There was significant statistical difference among the margins with the highest microleakage degrees in the cervical area; the best marginal sealing was with the US + SBMUP group. There was no significant statistical difference among the cavity preparations made with the Er:YAG laser and high-speed and high-speed and air abrasion. The highest microleakage values were found in the AA +EP group

Orientador: Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo / Banca: Maria Salete Machado Candido / Banca: Marcos Augusto do Rego / Banca: Marcia Carneiro Valera / Banca: Regina Celia Santos Pinto Silva / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a microinfiltração marginal de cavidades de classe V preparadas com turbina de alta rotação (AR), jato abrasivo (AB), ultra-som (US) e laser de Er:YAG (LA) e restauradas com um sistema adesivo multi-passos e um auto-condicionante. Foram selecionados 160 incisivos bovinos para prepare das cavidades na face vestibular, com margem gengival localizada na junção esmalte-cemento e margem oclusal em esmalte. Os materiais utilizados foram Scotchbond Multi-uso Plus/3M (SBMUP), Etch&Prime 3.0/Degussa (EP) e a resina composta Z1 00/3M. Os dentes foram divididos em oito grupos de vinte, de acordo com equipamento e sistema adesivo empregado: a) AR + SBMUP; b) AR + EP; c) AB + SBMUP; d) AB + EP; e) US+ SBMUP; f) US+ EP; g) LA+ SBMUP; e h) LA+ EP. Os dentes restaurados foram armazenados a 37°C par 6 dias, termociclados (500: 5-55°C) e colocados em solução de Rodamina B a 2% por 24 horas. Em seguida foram seccionados e avaliados em lupa estereomicroscópica para determinar o grau de microinfiltração segundo uma escala de 0 a 4. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos de Sinais de pastas de Wilcoxon, Kruskai-Wallis e Tukey. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as margens, com maior microinfiltração na cervical; o melhor selamento marginal foi obtido no grupo US/SBMUP; não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os preparos cavitários realizados com laser de Er: YAG e alta-rotação e alta-rotação e abrasão a ar; os maiores valores de microinfiltração foram obtidos no grupo AB/EP / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the marginal microleakage of class V prepared with high-speed (HS}, air abrasion (AA), ultrasound (US) and Er:YAG /aser(LA), and restored with multi-step or self-etching adhesives systems. One-hundred-sixty incisives bovine teeth were selected for the cavity preparation on the buccal surface with the gingival margin at the enamel-cement junction and occlusal margin in enamel. The materials Scotchbond Multi Purpose/3M (SBMUP) and Etch&Prime 3.0/Degussa (EP) and Z10013M composite resin were used in this study. The teeth were divided in eigth groups with 20 teeth in each froup according to the equipment and to the adhesive system used: HS + SBMUP; HS +EP; AA +SBMUP; AA + EP; US+ SBMUP; US+ EP; LA+ SBMUP; LA + EP. The restored teeth were stored at 37CC for 6 days, thermocycled (500: 5-55 "C) and kept in a 2% Rodamine B solution tor 24 hours. After this they were seccioned and evaluated through stereomicroscope in order to determine the micro/eakage degree according to 0-4 score. The data were submitted to the Wilkoxon, KruskaiWal/ is and tukey statistical tests. There was significant statistical difference among the margins with the highest microleakage degrees in the cervical area; the best marginal sealing was with the US + SBMUP group. There was no significant statistical difference among the cavity preparations made with the Er:YAG laser and high-speed and high-speed and air abrasion. The highest microleakage values were found in the AA +EP group / Doutor