Detta arbete handlar om att undersöka en narrativ ljussättning av en labyrint och går i bakgrunden igenom hur ljussättning har fungerat genom tiderna fram till idag, samt hur forskning kring ljus i dataspel ser ut i dagsläget. Därefter följer problemformuleringen som utgår från två perspektiv, vilka är förstapersonsperspektiv samt top-downperspektiv. Frågeställningen vill undersöka en skillnad i hur en narrativ ljussättning uppfattas ur de olika perspektiven i en labyrintisk miljö. Problemformuleringen går även igenom hur utvärderingsmetoden var tänkt att fungera i relation till detta. Sedan går utvärderingskapitlet igenom resultatet av studien där en analys av tio intervjuer med respondenter som genomfört studien presenteras. Arbetet avslutas sedan med en diskussion kring hur arbetet gick tillväga och vad man kan säga om resultatet, vilket var att ljuset uppfattades som viktigt av båda perspektiven, samt en hypotes kring möjliga framtida arbeten som arbetet potentiellt kan leda till.

In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the introduction of Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund (TTT) would impact the market liquidity of its underlying stocks. We address this issue by adopting several volume-based and price-based liquidity measures to present the multi-dimension of liquidity. Our empirical results show that after the introduction of TTT, the standardized trading volume decreases and the market becomes more volatile for the underlying stocks. Both the quoted spread and the effective spread widen in the post-introduction period. These findings suggest deterioration of market liquidity for the underlying stocks. We then further follow Lin et al. (1995) to decompose the effective spread to examine the changes in spread components. We find a significant increase in the adverse selection component in contrast to a slight decline in the order processing cost. Overall, we find evidence that the liquidity of the underlying stocks tends to deteriorate after the introduction of TTT primarily because there is an increase in the cost of informed trading. Our finding is consist with the prediction of Subrahmanyam (1991) where the migration of liquidity traders to the basket securities raises the portion of informed traders in the market of underlying stocks and tends to increase the adverse selection risk and reduce the market liquidity of the underlying stocks.

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a circular, single-stranded (css) DNA virus that belongs to the genus Babuvirus in the family Nanoviridae. BBTV is responsible for the most devastating virus disease of banana known as "bunchy top", for which conventional control measures are generally ineffective. Genetically engineered resistance appears to be the most promising strategy to generate BBTV-resistant bananas but the success of this strategy is largely dependent upon the molecular characterisation of the target virus and knowledge of the virus life cycle, particularly the replication strategy. This PhD study was aimed at the molecular characterisation of the intergenic regions of BBTV, in order to complement the molecular information currently available and to potentially contribute to the development of transgenic resistance strategies against BBTV in banana. Three putative iterative sequences (iterons; GGGAC) previously identified in the BBTV intergenic regions were initially characterised. In order to determine their role in the binding of the master BBTV replication initiation protein (M-Rep), the putative iterons (F1 and F2 in the virion sense, and R in the complementary sense) were independently mutated in a BBTV DNA-6 greater-than-genome-length clone (1.1 mer). The DNA-6 1.1 mers (native and mutants) and the M-Rep-encoding component (DNA-1) were co-bombarded into banana (Musa spp. cv."Lady finger") embryogenic suspension cells and transient replication was evaluated by Southern hybridisation. Analysis of the DNA-6 replicative forms showed a significant decrease of approximately 41% for the F1 iteron mutant and 61% for the R iteron mutant in comparison with native levels. However, the mutation in the F2 iteron caused the most dramatic effect, decreasing replication to levels barely detectable by Southern hybridisation. These results suggest that the three iterons all play a role in BBTV replication, most likely as recognition and binding sites for the M-Rep, but that the F2 iteron appears to be the most important in replication. Following the observation that all BBTV isolates sequenced to date have identical iteron sequences, the extent to which the M-Rep would recognise, bind and initiate replication of heterologous components from geographically diverse BBTV isolates (the South Pacific and the Asian groups) was evaluated. Cross replication assays revealed that heterologous M-Reps from Fiji, Hawaii (South Pacific group) and Vietnam (Asian group) were able to initiate replication of the coat protein-encoding component (DNA-3) from the Australian BBTV isolate (South Pacific group). However, replication of DNA-3 from the Vietnamese isolate was not initiated by heterologous M-Reps from the two South Pacific isolates tested (Australia and Hawaii). These results suggest that a broad-range transgenic resistance strategy based on replication using Australian BBTV intergenic regions may be successful as this region will be recognised by the M-Reps from both Asian and South Pacific BBTV isolates. However, a Rep protein-mediated resistance strategy will more likely be specific to geographical isolates and, therefore, less suitable as a broad-range control strategy. To further characterise the BBTV intergenic regions and to gain a better understanding of the BBTV transcription process, the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the major open reading frames (ORFs) associated with each of the six BBTV DNA components were mapped. In all cases, the transcription start sites were located 3' of a putative TATA box and the 5' UTRs varied in length from 23 nucleotides (DNA-6) to 5 nucleotides (DNA-3). Two potential transcription start sites (nt 84 and 87) were mapped for DNA-1, but whether these represent the transcription start sites of the two genes associated with DNA-1 remains to be determined. Two start sites were also associated with DNA-2 which is thought to be monocistronic. Whether one of these start sites is an artefact or whether they are due to natural sequence variability of BBTV is unknown. These results now enable us to define the transcribed regions of each BBTV DNA component and accurately predict their promoter regions in an attempt to gain a fundamental understanding of BBTV gene expression patterns.

Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / The occurrence of palaeo-oil columns in Late Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs in the Vulcan sub-basin indicates that hydrocarbon accumulations have leaked. It is unclear whether accumulations have leaked through breach of top seal or fault seal. This study evaluates the top seal potential for hydrocarbon accumulations in the Vulcan Sub-basin. For this purpose a top seal potential assessment methodology was developed. Seal potential (SP) combines seal capacity (the hydrocarbon column height that can physically be held back by seal), seal geometry (the areal extent and thickness of the seal) and seal integrity (rock mechanical properties of the seal). Seal capacities are measured using mercury injection capillary pressure calculations. Areal extent is evaluated using sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic principles. Thickness is determined empirically from well logs and seismic data. Seal integrity is derived from a brittleness index. In addition, a component relating to data quality and quantity is included in seal potential evaluation. The main sample set for this study is composed of drill cuttings. For this reason a comparison of seal capacity results measured from cuttings and cores has verified that cuttings samples provide accurate seal capacity measurements. Lower Vulcan Formation SP ranges from low to high due to variations in seal capacity and thickness risks as well as data quality and quantity. High SP occurs in the main depocentres and low SP occurs on the palaeo-highs and basin margins. Upper Vulcan Formations SP ranges from low to moderate due to variations in seal capacity. Moderate SP occurs in the depocentres and low SP on the basin margins. In the Echuca Shoals Formations seal capacity. Formation seal extent and integrity as well as data quality and quantity are good. However seal thickness is inconsistent, resulting in SP variations from good to poor as a function of thickness. Jamieson Formation has high seal capacities, is thick and areally extensive, however the seal potential is locally moderate (for example on the Ashmore Platform) due to seal integrity risk. SP for the Jamieson is controlled by the thickness and the amount of calcite present in the rock, which affects the brittleness of the formation and hence the seal integrity. The Woolaston, Gibson and Fenelon (WGF) Formations are grouped together as a regional seal and in this group SP varies from low to high. The WGF rocks generally have high seal capacities, are areally extensive and thick with good data quality and quantity sample set wise. Where the WGF is predominantly marl and calcilutite some of the highest brittleness index values were recorded and hence the WGF has a low SP in these areas. Based on the overall seal potential analysis, almost all seals in the area are capable of holding back hydrocarbon columns greater then present or palaeocolums recorded. This suggests that hydrocarbon leakage in the Vulcan Sub-Basin did not occur as a result of top seal capillary failure. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1313021 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2008

This thesis presents the results of research into the potential of underground mining methods applicable to inclined thick seams (thickness greater than 3.5m, and seam dip of 15 - 35 degree) in the Quangninh coalfield, Vietnam. The primary objectives of this research are to investigate the most suitable underground methods applicable to inclined thick seams in the Quangninh coalfield and to improve understanding of the operational and geotechnical issues associated with the application of chosen methods in thick seams with steeply dipping conditions. From a risk and operational assessment, the Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) method is considered most appropriate for inclined thick seams under the current mining conditions in Vietnam. The LTCC method offers great potential for the efficient extraction of thick seams by caving coal from the upper section during the mining of the lower section. This significantly reduces the development cost per tonne. Compared to High reach Single Pass Longwalling, the LTCC method offers a low extraction height, resulting in smaller and less expensive equipment and better face conditions. Results from this study identified that for extracting an inclined thick seam, the face retreating along the strike has better operational advantages and better cavability than the face retreating updip or downdip of the seam. The operational issues of the LTCC method when extracting inclined seams are: the stability of the support, transport in the mine, and the difficulties in roof control at the transition between face ends and the gateroads. In terms of geotechnical issues, better cavability of the top coal is anticipated for flat coal seams compared to inclined seams. In addition, the chain pillar for flat coal seams is subjected to a higher vertical stress distribution than that of inclined ones. An improved cavability assessment method for the categorisation of the cavability of the top coal with four categories, ranging from 1 (excellent cavability) to 4 (very poor cavability), was suggested to assist the feasibility and design stages of the LTCC application. The cavability assessment method was conducted by numerical analysis combined with back analysis from the database obtained from past LTCC practices.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1987. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 39).

Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: München, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

abstract: The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a specification that aims to support the conceptual modeling of metadata or information about resources in the form of a directed graph composed of triples of knowledge (facts). RDF also provides mechanisms to encode meta-information (such as source, trust, and certainty) about facts already existing in a knowledge base through a process called reification. In this thesis, an extension to the current RDF specification is proposed in order to enhance RDF triples with an application specific weight (cost). Unlike reification, this extension treats these additional weights as first class knowledge attributes in the RDF model, which can be leveraged by the underlying query engine. Additionally, current RDF query languages, such as SPARQL, have a limited expressive power which limits the capabilities of applications that use them. Plus, even in the presence of language extensions, current RDF stores could not provide methods and tools to process extended queries in an efficient and effective way. To overcome these limitations, a set of novel primitives for the SPARQL language is proposed to express Top-k queries using traditional query patterns as well as novel predicates inspired by those from the XPath language. Plus, an extended query processor engine is developed to support efficient ranked path search, join, and indexing. In addition, several query optimization strategies are proposed, which employ heuristics, advanced indexing tools, and two graph metrics: proximity and sub-result inter-arrival time. These strategies aim to find join orders that reduce the total query execution time while avoiding worst-case pattern combinations. Finally, extensive experimental evaluation shows that using these two metrics in query optimization has a significant impact on the performance and efficiency of Top-k queries. Further experiments also show that proximity and inter-arrival have an even greater, although sometimes undesirable, impact when combined through aggregation functions. Based on these results, a hybrid algorithm is proposed which acknowledges that proximity is more important than inter-arrival time, due to its more complete nature, and performs a fine-grained combination of both metrics by analyzing the differences between their individual scores and performing the aggregation only if these differences are negligible. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Computer Science 2010