The objective of this diploma thesis is on one side to analyze the fertility rate in Slovakia, Czech republic and Sweeden and to compare their development after the fall of the communist establishment from 1990 till 2014 and on the other side to categorize these countries to clusters of EU countries based on chosen variables using multidimensional statistical analysis. I consider the second chapter of the thesis, which focuses on analysis of intensity of fertility rate using direct standardization as well as on verification, whether connection between clusters of EU countries and their geographical location exists, to be my personal addition to the addressed issue. Based on my analyses, the conclusion of the thesis is a finding, that countries, which support reduced working hours have a higher total fertility rate. For that reason, if the natality is about to grow, it is a must to concentrate not only on states family politics but mainly to support the ability of young mothers to become part of a regular working process while on their maternity leave.

This thesis deals with the development of fertility in countries and regions of the European Union in the context of convergence and divergence trends. The goal is to analyze and evaluate the basic trends in international and regional differentiation of fertility by studying the literature and by my own analysis trying to explain the observed spatial differences and to identify problems in methodology and data collection. The European Union is for the purpose of analysis divided into western and eastern part in order to respond better to the hypothesis defined in the introductory chapter. First, the analysis of the regional differentiation of fertility rate is made. Variability in fertility at the regional level is consequently successfully explained by international differences which allow you to move the analysis at the state level. International differentiations of fertility rate are then explained by the different position of states in the process of second demographic transition. Despite the expectations, a clear trend towards convergence in fertility levels was not observed in the western part of the European Union and its spatial patterns remained stable. The eastern part experienced a significant decrease in the intensity of fertility which caused its convergence and overshadowed the ongoing changes...

This thesis addresses childlessness and its aspects in selected European countries: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Estonia, the Netherlands, Sweden and Norway. The aim of this work is to discover whether there are differences between capitalist and post-socialist countries when it comes to the development of childlessness and fertility. The tools are: the analysis of fertility, the average age of mothers at childbirth and analysis of childlessness using both transversal and longitudinal indicators. The indicators used in the analysis were of the first and second category. Another aim of this thesis is to find out whether there are differences between the attitudes, opinions and values when it comes to approach to the family, the division of gender roles and children between childless respondents and respondents with children. The differentiation between sex and age groups through the use of three matrices with questions from three surveys (European Values Study, Eurobarometer and ISSP) are also investigated. The factor analysis and the method of principal components are used to reduce the number of variables. The results of the factor analysis are indexed and the indexes are then used to reveal how the differences manifest themselves in the monitored groups of respondents. The main result of...

Neolithic dispersal in Europe has been alternatively explained through spread of farmers (migrationist position) or by adoption of farming by Mesolithic foragers (indigenist position). Mixed explanations have considered a combination of both processes. Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe was traditionally viewed as migrationist process. It was believed that farmers colonized the area and replaced indigenous foragers. During the last decade, authors have adhered to integrationist view as they have observed the continuity between Mesolithic and Neolithic technologies. Interestingly, the most recent genetic analyses again invoked the idea of colonization. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to demographic modeling. The farming quickly spread in Central Europe between 5 600 and 5 400 calBC. Assuming colonization, Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe would have to be associated with high fertility rate of farmers. Our goal was to test whether the fertility rate of farmers was high enough to allow them to colonize Central Europe without admixture with local foragers. We produced four stochastic models of population dynamics of farmers during their colonization in Central Europe. The principle of Model 1-3 is based on methods of population projections. Model 4 stems from the wave of advance...

<p>The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15&ndash / 49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).</p>

<p>The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15&ndash / 49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).</p>

L’histoire identitaire du Québec a constamment été marquée par des enjeux d’ordre «linguistique». En effet, de par l’isolement de cette province majoritairement francophone, entourée de provinces et d’un pays anglophones, nous avons été témoins de plusieurs débats passionnés sur l’avenir du français au Québec. Mais qu’en est-il réellement de la situation linguistique et plus particulièrement de la fécondité au Québec? Avec le constat que le Québec, tout comme la plupart des pays occidentaux, n’assure plus le remplacement de ses générations par son accroissement naturel, l’immigration devient la seule alternative. Certains se sont alors interrogés sur la représentativité future des francophones au sein de leur province. Axée essentiellement sur la langue d’usage, nous avons effectué plusieurs analyses comparatives de l’indice synthétique de fécondité (ISF) selon les groupes linguistiques, mais également selon les régions. Trois facteurs importaient : déterminer les différences de fécondité entre les groupes linguistiques; déterminer les différences de fécondité entre l’ensemble du Québec, l’île de Montréal et le reste du Québec; et déterminer quel jeu d’hypothèses de construction de l’ISF se rapproche le plus de la réalité. C’est à l’aide de six combinaisons d’hypothèses que nous avons effectué l’analyse de la fécondité des groupes linguistiques, soit trois hypothèses de redistribution des naissances dont la langue d’usage de la mère est inconnue, et deux hypothèses de distribution des effectifs, soit la population féminine âgée de 15 à 49 ans. L’analyse annuelle de la fécondité des groupes linguistiques au Québec nous a permis d’observer des variations pour le moins importantes au cours des deux dernières décennies, ce que des analyses de la fécondité limitées aux années censitaires seulement ont en quelque sorte atténué. Bien que les allophones aient des ISF plus «instables» que les deux autres groupes linguistiques, à cause de leurs faibles effectifs, il appert que leur ISF est en-deçà du seuil de remplacement depuis 1996, pour progressivement se rapprocher de celui des deux autres groupes linguistiques. / The history of Quebec’s identity has constantly been affected by linguistic issues. Being a majority Francophone province surrounded by Anglophone neighbors on all sides, we have witnessed many passionate debate on the future of the French language in Quebec. What is the reality of this linguistic issue in Quebec and its relation to fertility? As in most western societies, Quebec’s population replacement is not maintained by its natural increase rates. Therefore immigration is the only vehicle for population growth. Questions have been raised regarding the future representation of French-speaking people in the province of Quebec. Based primarily on the language spoken most often at home, several comparative analyses have been performed which examined fertility rates according to linguistic groups as well as corresponding geographical locations. Three objectives were considered: to determine the differences of fertility between linguistic groups; to determine the differences of fertility between the whole of Quebec, the island of Montreal and the remainder of Quebec; and to determine which set of scenarios approaches the most the reality. The analysis of fertility was conducted by examining six combinations of hypotheses. Three of which are hypotheses of distribution of births where the mother tongue is unknown, and two hypotheses of distribution of the female population between the ages of 15 and 49 years of age. The annual analysis of fertility of linguistic groups in Quebec showed us important variations over the last two decades, variations which have been mitigated by fertility analyses limited to census years. Although the fertility rates of Allophones have been « unstable » in comparison with both Francophone and Anglophone groups, their fertility rate sits below the generation replacement level since 1996, and has gradually been approaching that of the other two linguistic groups.

Family policy andreproductive behaviour in the VisegradGroup states after 1990 Abstract In post-communist countries, the fertility decline has been already subjected in many researches. Aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse trends in fertility and family policy in the Visegrad countries. The goal was to find out how the post-1990 approach on family policy and response to changing social conditions differed in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The study describes settings for each family benefits including the changes in the examined period of 1990-2013. On that basis 5-year periods were defined and assessed. The fertility analysis is focused on the total and completed fertility rate and also by parity and age-specific fertility rates. The period effect was estimated using age-period-cohort (APC) models which decompose fertility rates for age, period and cohort effects. Models were based on fertility of women aged 25-49 years in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. Results in all three countries suggest that the decline in fertility in 1995-1999 wasa reaction to the changing socio-economic conditions in 1990-1994. However, the negative effect of this period was mitigated by changes in the distribution of cohorts. The period 2000-2004 has brought many positive changes that were behind...

This thesis deals with differences between individual states of the United States from the demographic point of view, and searches for causes of these differences. United States are composed of several disparate areas, which are different from each other in their location, size, number and composition of the population, and historical evolution. All this affects the demographic characteristics of those territorial units. Probably the main cause of differentiation of individual states is racial composition, since the intensity of demographic events is specific to each race or ethnicity. The states differ in levels of fertility, mortality, marriage or education. To confirm these assumptions, the statistical method canonical correlation was used. Using cluster analysis has revealed that there are groups of states that have similar demographic profile. Most notably, it shows the influence of ethnic and racial composition in the south of the United States, where the highest proportion of populations is composed by black race and hispanic origin. The differentiation of levels of infant mortality and life expectancy are mainly influenced. Key words: United States of America, race, ethnicity, black population, hispanic population, total fertility rate, life expectancy, canonical correlation, cluster analysis

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