The diploma thesis is dedicated to tourism. It examines historical development and legal framework of tourism, attemps to discuss the accounting, tax and tour prices calculation. The focus is nevertheless on accounting of the arrangement of sale of tours with the posibility of comission capturing, accounting of advances or cancellation fees, accounting transactions denominated in foreign currencies or vouchers viewing. It describes value-added tax as well as income tax. Attention is paid to the company Čedok in order to show some areas of financial statement of this company together with general accounting principles. The thesis is accompanied by several examples, tables and graphs.

Thesis exhamines the role and purpose of lie in post-truth age in the life of individual person as well as in the life of sociaty. The action oscillates between performance and happening, through these media author and in the same time tour-guide presents his own and his family and friends lifes.

This thesis deals with the making of virtual tours in the virtual reality. It deals with panoramic photographs and their use in creating virtual tours. In this thesis, two applications were designed and implemented. The first one as a web editor for creating and the other as a mobile application for viewing virtual tours. The created solution provides a comprehensive tool for working with virtual tours.

The aim of this master's thesis is to propose a business activities development of tour operator Pux Travel. Master's thesis describes and evaluates current position of the company, analyses the external and internal environment of the company and summarizes the results in the SWOT analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, some business development suggestions have been proposed in order to improve company's competitive ability.

La finalidad de esta investigación es exponer las tendencias mundiales de gestión sostenible que mediante las acciones en los ejes social y ambiental han sido implementadas por los operadores turísticos. La metodología empleada fue la investigación bibliográfica iniciando con una revisión descriptiva de fuentes académicas que culmina con un análisis descriptivo y evaluativo para los fines de la investigación. La investigación se basó en estudios académicos sobre la aplicación de la sostenibilidad social y ambiental en la gestión de los operadores turísticos internacionales. A partir de ello, se observa que en el eje ambiental existe un mayor número de acciones implementadas por los operadores turísticos. Estas están orientados a la gestión del consumo de agua y energía, manejo de residuos sólidos, reducción de materiales desechables, compras ecológicas, capacitaciones en conciencia ambiental, entre otras. Mientras que para el eje social se identificó que los operadores turísticos aplicaron un menor número de acciones, debido a que estas acciones resultan más complejas. Las acciones se enfocan en beneficios económicos para ambas partes (comunidad-operador turístico) y preservación de la cultura local. Pese a ello, se estableció que aún existen limitaciones para que los operadores turísticos apliquen acciones sostenibles tanto para el eje ambiental, como para el social. Una de las limitaciones es encontrar aliados entre sus proveedores que sigan las mismas prácticas, debido a que deben ofrecer un servicio que incluya estándares de sostenibilidad. Se concluye que las prácticas sociales y ambientales están siendo usadas por operadores turísticos a nivel internacional, y se encuentran principalmente motivadas por los beneficios que traen, tales como, menores costos en operaciones, mayores ingresos por la atención de clientes que demandan experiencias social y ambientalmente sostenibles y lograr una mayor captación de mercado. / The purpose of this research is to expose the global trends of sustainable management that through actions on the environmental and social trust have been implemented by tour operators. The methodology used was bibliographic research initiating with a descriptive review of academic sources that culminates with a descriptive and evaluative analysis for research purposes. The research was based on academic studies on the application of environmental and social sustainability in the management of international tour operators. From this, it is observed that there is a greater number of actions implemented by tour operators in the environmental axis. These actions are oriented to the management of water and energy consumption, solid waste management, reduction of disposable materials, ecological purchases, training in environmental awareness, among others. While for the social axis, it was identified that tour operators applied fewer but more complex actions. Those actions focus on economic benefits for both parties (community-tourist operator) and preservation of local culture. Despite this, it was established that there still are limitations for tour operators to implement sustainable actions for the environmental and social axes. One of the limitations is the difficulty to find allies among their suppliers who follow these same practices, because they must offer a service that includes sustainability standards. It is concluded that social and environmental practices are being used by tour operators internationally and are mainly motivated by the benefits it brings such as, lower costs in operations, higher revenue from the attention of customers who demand social and environmentally sustainable experiences and achieving greater market acquisition. / Trabajo de investigación

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This thesis examines the representation of Italy and Italians in Henry James’ Daisy Miller and E.M. Forster’s Where Angels Fear to Tread. In a close reading of the two novels, with the use of the theory of the Triangle of Representation and the concept of Imperialist nostalgia, recurring themes in connection to the Grand Tour have been found. While both novels have already been studied in connection to the concepts of freedom, family, and homosexuality, not much has been written about the novels in connection to the Grand Tour studies and representation. Divided into three sections, this paper first defines representation and Christopher Prendergast’s Triangle of Representation, both in close connection to the concept of the gaze. Then, it gives a short historical context of the Grand Tour, to give the reader the necessary background for understanding both of the analysed novels. It then continues explaining the idea of nostalgia and, more specifically, Renato Ronaldo’s concept of Imperialist nostalgia. Finally, the paper analyses the two novels in detail in connection to the mentioned theory, connecting the two authors to the Grand Tour and their experiences in Italy.

The last four years, studied in the work, have become quite difficult for all companies in the tourist market. Many organizations started to consider the ways of their work optimization and adapt the technologies the use. Tourist companies changed their strategies towards finding new solutions, areas of work and policies. The paper analyzes the anti-crisis strategy of a single small travel agency, which, nevertheless, passed through the numerous challenges of this period, while maintaining a sufficient amount of operating activity. The experience of the travel agency "Sletat.ru" can be considered as a "best practice", since the company has existed for the past five years and has successfully adapted to the dynamics of the market. / Последние четыре года, рассматриваемые в работе, стали достаточно сложными для всех игроков туристского рынка и заставили компании задуматься как об оптимизации собственной работы и адаптации используемых технологий, так и о поиске новых решений, направлений работы и политик. В работе анализируется антикризисная стратегия отдельно взятого небольшого туристского агентства, которое, тем не менее, прошло через многочисленные вызовы указанного периода, сохранив достаточный объем операционной деятельности. Опыт туристского агентства «Слетать.ру» можно рассматривать как некую «лучшую практику», так как компания существует в течение последних пяти лет и успешно адаптируется к динамике рынка.

Visiting a museum is a popular activity for many people. Be it to find out about certain museum objects or to feel entertained. An important contribution to a satisfying museum experience is the information about the objects. On the one hand, the provided information should be about them, but at the same time reflect the interests of the visitor. Since the information presented on information labels is often only rudimentary, visitors can follow human guides or use digital tools that display additional information. The problem, however, that exists despite a wide range of offers, is that the information is designed for the general public and cannot be customized by the visitor. In this way, information is presented that is either not of interest to the visitor or, in the worst case, that the visitor does not understand because prior knowledge is lacking. Even if existing research deals with the presentation of information and the preparation of digital applications, the customizing aspect is often missing. This master thesis shows to what extent information and functions embedded in an app can be customized. A prototype of an app was constructed that, based on an example museum, presents filter options too utput customized information about a museum object. The prototype was tested in a user study by six participants. The participants tested the prototype by processing test tasks and answered an evaluation questionnaire. Three of the six participants also completed a group interview. The goal was to find out to what extent the filters offered reflect the needs of the participants and which functions and aspects are important for customization. The results show that despite the current lack of focus on prior knowledge, filtering based on it is not very effective. In addition, suggestions were made as to how groups could benefit from the more individual use of the app. Future research can build on the achieved results by integrating the proposed functions and testing them in further studies to expand the customization step by step.

Finding the shortest tour visiting all given points at least ones belongs to the most famous optimization problems until today [travelling salesman problem (TSP)]. Optimal solutions exist formany problems up to several ten thousand points. Themajor difficulty in solving larger problems is the required computational complexity. This shifts the research from finding the optimum with no time limitation to approaches that find good but sub-optimal solutions in pre-defined limited time. This paper proposes a new approach for two-dimensional symmetric problems with more than a million coordinates that is able to create good initial tours within few minutes. It is based on a hierarchical clustering strategy and supports parallel processing. In addition, a method is proposed that can correct unfavorable paths with moderate computational complexity. The new approach is superior to state-of-the-artmethods when applied to TSP instances with non-uniformly distributed coordinates.