ABSTRACT The cruise sector constitutes one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. With the continued growth of the industry comes the need to develop new ports to accommodate the increased volume of ships as well as the increasing size of modern cruise ships. It is important to understand how the development of new cruise ports impacts the local community. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the attitudes and perceptions of residents regarding the impacts of the new cruise ship port development in Falmouth, Jamaica. The Historic Port of Falmouth was developed through a partnership between Royal Caribbean and the Port Authority of Jamaica and is the largest purpose-built port of call in the Caribbean. A case study approach was utilized to identify the attitudes and perceptions of residents regarding the impacts of the new port development in Falmouth, Jamaica. The study consisted of semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. The research took place in Falmouth in March 2012. A total of 23 interviews were carried out with residents who had varying levels of involvement with tourism. The three overarching themes emanating from the analysis of the data are: Big Ships, Big Disappointment, What could be improved? and All is Not Lost at Sea. Findings revealed that Falmouth residents are disappointed with the development because they have not received the economic benefits they were promised by Royal Caribbean. Despite the residents’ frustration and disappointment with the port, many still believe that it has given some opportunity for residents to improve their quality of life. The powerlessness of members of small Caribbean communities in the face of large tourism developers is evident throughout the study.

The main aim of my diploma thesis is the analysis of present state of tourism in the area of Lipno and a suggestion of an effective and complex strategy for the tourism development through the identification of number one problems in given territory.A short characteristics of the certain area is to be found there which is followed by the analysis of the current tourism condition. In the second section I have evaluated the offer and demand in the summer and winter season. In the thesis the tourism development is also handled, where the developments of the offer and demand and the troubled sections of this sector. In conclusion there are some proposals for the region development, which priorities are divided into particular activities.

Esta tese teve como objeto a análise da condição do turismo, enquanto atividade econômica, de promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento regional, e sob que modelo teórico-metodológico, estrutura e configuração. Um objetivo diretamente vinculado ao objeto da tese consistiu na análise da coerência e propriedade da aplicação do conceito de cluster, formulado por Michael Porter, bem como o de cadeia produtiva, à atividade do turismo, conformando um cluster turístico. Em paralelo buscou examinar a condição de uma configuração de cluster de turismo poder ser considerada como um modelo de desenvolvimento regional. Secundariamente, mas com uma relação direta com o conceito de cadeia produtiva, foi focalizada a noção de fugas ou vazamentos da economia de uma região, decorrentes de pagamentos efetuados a fornecedores localizados fora da região pelo suprimento dos inputs necessários à estrutura produtiva da economia dessa região. Tais vazamentos provocam uma redução na magnitude da retenção local ou regional dos resultados econômicos propiciados pela atividade do turismo. A competitividade e sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento turístico, em base endógena, pressupõe a internalização da produção de tais inputs, através da criação de novas atividades produtivas e do fortalecimento das já existentes, visando eliminar pontos de estrangulamentos e implicando no adensamento dos encadeamentos setoriais, para frente e para trás, que integram a estrutura produtiva da economia da região. Para a elaboração desta tese foi efetuada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, em fontes primárias e secundárias, e realizado um trabalho empírico junto à hotelaria de Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia. Este levantamento visou avaliar a incidência de fugas no valor da contribuição do turismo para a economia de Salvador, a partir da rede hoteleira, bem como identificar variáveis influenciadoras e áreas por onde ocorrem os vazamentos, ficando evidenciado que as fugas se relacionam diretamente com problemas e dificuldades que os hotéis encontram com os fornecedores locais de bens e serviços, e também com o tamanho do estabelecimento e a propriedade do capital, se local ou de cadeias nacionais e internacionais. O estudo realizado permitiu concluir que para regiões deprimidas economicamente, o turismo pode atuar como atividade motora de cresciemnto econômico, mas sem condições de, isoladamente, promover o desenvolvimento regional. O modelo de cluster, na concepção de Michael Porter, de enfoque marcadamente empresarial e microeconômico, caracterizado pela presença de grandes indústrias, de dimensão nacional e com elevada amplitude espacial e alto nível de agregação, não se aplica apropriadamente ao turismo e não pode ser considerado como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento regional. O agrupamento que tem o turismo como atividade nuclear, com foco no destino turístico entendido como um microcluster e que apresente as características de delimitação da amplitude geográfica de seu entorno, delimitação da abrangência territorial do próprio agrupamento, delimitação do segmento turístico principal e dos seus sub-segmentos, bem como do próprio mercado alvo, pode ser qualificado como um cluster de turismo que reúne as condições de modelar estratégias e promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de micro-regiões ou zonas turísticas. Deste modo, o microcluster constitui o modelo viabilizador do alcance e sustentação do desenvolvimento regional, como resultado da interação entre a função de especialização – o turismo, e o território – o destino turístico e seu entorno próximo. / This thesis had as object the analysis of the condition of tourism, while economical activity, of promoting the growth and the regional development, and under that theoretical-methodological model, structure and configuration. An objective directly linked to the object of the thesis consisted in the analysis of the coherence and property of the application of the cluster concept, formulated by Michael Porter, as well as the one of productive chain, to the activity of tourism, conforming a tourist cluster. In parallel it looked for to examine the condition of a configuration of cluster of tourism to be considered as a model of regional development. Secondarily, but with a direct relationship with the concept of productive chain, it was focused the notion of escapes or leaks of the economy of an area, current of payments made to suppliers located out of the area by the supply of the necessary inputs to the productive structure of the economy of that area. Such leaks provoke a reduction in the magnitude of local or regional retention of the economical results propitiated by the activity of the tourism. The competitiveness and support of the tourist development, in endogenous base, presupposes to immerse the production of such inputs, through the creation of new productive activities and of the invigoration of the already existent, seeking to eliminate strangulation points and implicating in the aggregation of the sectorial linkages, forward and back, that integrate the productive structure of the economy of the region. For the elaboration of this thesis an extensive bibliographical revision was made, in primary and secondary sources, and accomplished an empiric work close to the hostelry of Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia. This experiment sought to evaluate the incidence of escapes in the value of the contribution of the tourism for the economy of Salvador, starting from the hotel net, as well as to identify variables that influence and areas through where happen the leaks, being evidenced that the escapes link directly with problems and difficulties that the hotels find with the local suppliers of goods and services, and also with the size of the establishment and the property of the capital, if place or of national and international chains. The accomplished study allowed to end that for areas economically depressed, the tourism can act as motive activity of economical growth, but without conditions of, separately, to promote the regional development. The cluster model, in Michael Porter's conception, of focus remarkably business and micro economic, characterized by the presence of great industries, of national dimension and with high space width and high aggregation level, it doesn't reply adequately to the tourism and it cannot be considered as a strategy of regional development. The grouping that has the tourism as nuclear activity, with focus in the destiny tourist expert as a micro cluster and that it presents the characteristics of delimitation of the geographical with of its spill, delimitation of the territorial inclusion of the own grouping, delimitation of the main tourist segment and of their sub-segments, as well as of the own target of market, it can be qualified as a cluster of tourism that gathers the conditions of to model strategies and to promote the growth and the development of micro regions or tourist zones. This way, the micro cluster constitutes the model that makes possible the reach and support of the regional development, as a result of the interaction among the specialization function - the tourism, and the territory - the tourist destiny and its spills close.

This work deals with influence of the company Zlatý pruh Polabí on tourism development in region of Polabí and impact of its activities on region. The first part is concerned with theory and terminology. The other one analyses activity of the company and assess its impact.

Responsible Tourism (RT) implies that all parties involved in the tourism sector are responsible for making sure that all activities taking place are of a sustainable nature, and that consideration is given to environmental conservation, economic growth and social integrity. The Kruger National Park (KNP) and the South African National Parks (SANParks) are key role-players in the tourism and conservation sectors in South Africa, and have acknowledged and started to implement Responsible Tourism practices into their strategic model. One major hurdle in reaching their RT goals is a lack of funding, which they are currently addressing by expanding and diversifying their tourism product offerings. As stakeholders play a key role in RT, this study aimed to determine stakeholder perceptions of RT development in the KNP, in order to assist SANParks achieve their RT goals. The philosophical assumption under which this study was undertaken was the pragmatic research paradigm, in which one aims to understand the truth concerning whatever questions are investigated. The methodology was applied through questionnaires that were completed by KNP visitors, and interviews based on SANS 1162:2011 that were conducted with KNP employees. The study found that there is some misalignment between RT aspects that visitors consider as important, and those that are highlighted in SANParks' strategic documentation. It was also noted that despite generally good performance with regard to RT aspects, employees find that insufficient funding and the lack of awareness of stakeholders are two of the challenges faced in achieving RT. In order for SANParks to reach their RT goals, they can consider addressing these gaps, as the core of RT is that of behaviour and actions taken. Emphasis must be on how all those involved in the KNP and SANParks can alter their behaviour to make better places for people to live in, and better places for people to visit. / Environmental Sciences

A dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course-work Degree of Master of Arts in the Centre for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2005. / The study was conducted against the background that Ithala Game Reserve has a lot of tourism benefits. These benefits must be shared among the various sectors of the community such as the people who were evicted from Ithala and KZN Nature Conservation Services. The study was aimed at finding out whether these tourism benefits compensate for loss of land. This aim was narrowed down to the following objectives: • To investigate the level of understanding that Ithala people have towards the meaning of tourism. • To identify the criteria and strategy used by authorities to determine the beneficiaries of tourism resources at Ithala Game Reserve. • To determine the level of participation of local people in decision- making concerning tourism related matters. • To examine the level of accessibility to tourism resources of the Ithala area. • To assess the extent to which tourism benefits enhance the livelihood of the people around Ithala Game Reserve. The study hypothesised that: • That the Ithala people have a poor understanding of the meaning of tourism. • That there is no clearly defined criteria and strategy used by authorities to determine the beneficiaries of tourism benefits. • That the Ithala people do not participate actively in decision-making concerning tourism benefits. • That the level of accessibility to tourism resources is relatively restricted among the Ithala community members. • That tourism benefits do enhance the livelihood of the Ithala community in a sustainable manner. Data was collected through the use of sets of questionnaires, which had both open-ended and closed sections. After this data was collected, it was analysed through the use of computer programme, Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This programme was used to formulate frequency tables and to relate variables. There were various findings that were deduced from the responses of all interviewees. It was discovered that the Ithala community has limited knowledge about tourism and its benefits in their area. Such limitation resulted from the fact that for a long time, the Ithala community has been excluded from tourism development initiatives. This community was scattered over a large area after eviction, so they know very little about what is happening in the area. Another stumbling block to access tourism benefits is that the recent arrangements to involve the community in the tourism management are still neatly typed in the Memorandum of Understanding (the legal document that was signed by the Claimants, The Board, NCS), which is not easily accessible to people. People can begin to accept the prevailing situation provided they have sufficient knowledge about tourism. To address the concerns of the community, various recommendations were suggested. These included tourism awareness strategies, consultation and involvement of local people in tourism development initiatives, translation of tourism brochures into Zulu and construction of a cultural village. Once local people begin to grasp the concept of tourism, they will begin to accrue more benefits from this lucrative venture. / National Research Foundation and Department of Labour.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters of Recreation and Tourism degree in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2010. / According to Mkhabela (2009a) it is generally acknowledged that since 1994 the government of South Africa has adopted progressive policies that sought to ensure that the economic advancement of the previously disadvantaged people, is catered for. Concepts such as transformation, spatial development framework, Black economic empowerment [BEE], job creation, employment equity, affirmative action and preferential procurement have become a regular feature in our statute books and day-to-day discussions (Mkhabela, 2009a). These government policies, be they in economic advancement in general, or in tourism development in particular, need to be well planned and executed so as to effectively benefit the broader society in any business environment. Municipalities have the national mandate to formulate spatial development frameworks [SDFs], promote tourism development within their areas with a bias to enhance Black economic empowerment. The application of such principles is particularly needed in the iLembe District Municipality mainly for addressing of basic needs, equity and redistribution of tourism wealth for the benefit of the previously disadvantaged communities. This research investigation is fundamentally about assessing such SDF-related policies and their implementation. The main purpose of this study, therefore, is to advocate for the utilisation of tourism opportunities to their maximum degree for the historically disadvantaged individuals. The thrust of investigation and analysis of the present tourism related SDK and Black economic empowerment in the iLembe. District Municipality, is based on some pertinent objectives. Some of these objectives focus on the identification of tourism business opportunities around the study area. The core objectives of the study are: (a) To establish the extent to which Black people in the study area understand the meaning and importance of tourism and tourism empowerment. (b) To indicate the levels of Black participation in SDF and BEE-related tourism business opportunities in the study area. (c) To ascertain whether the SDF and BEE policies contribute towards tourism economic empowerment within the iLembe District Municipality. (d) To reveal the perceived SDF and tourism management practices that contribute to Black Economic Empowerment in the study area. (e) To determine the extent to which the local community benefits from the SDF and BEE related tourism activities in the study area. The methodology for collecting data comprised a stratified sample size of 138 respondents, which was distributed in the iLembe District Municipality as follows: sample consisting of Black service providers [18], tourism and municipal officials [10], domestic tourists [22], local community [88]. The findings indicated that local people have sufficient understanding of the meaning and importance of tourism and tourism empowerment in the study area. There were revelations that tourism participation levels were low in the area, as well as that tourism policies were not contributing significantly to BEE-related opportunities. Other findings were that stakeholders on average perceived the tourism management practices in the study area to be poor and based on uncertainty. The skills development practice or strategy was seen as the most needed in the area. Finally, the study revealed that tourism and BEE-related community benefits were non-existent for the local communities in the study area. Furthermore, the majority of respondents were very circumspect about the high-level benefits from BEE-related tourism opportunities in the study area. In conclusion the study, based on the negative outcomes established, has proposed and recommended that a management plan be instituted, with the view to facilitate the review, re-planning and restructuring of the BEE-related tourism policy-initiatives, so as to benefit the local communities more effectively. It is anticipated that with the remodelling of policy and practice, the delivery of tourism opportunities would become an attainable reality in the study area.

No description available.

Darbo objektas - turizmo plėtra Biržų rajone. Problema: Kokios yra turizmo plėtros galimybės Biržų rajone? Darbo tikslas - ištirti turizmo plėtros galimybes Biržų rajone. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti turizmo plėtrą teoriniu aspektu; 2. Įvertinti turizmo situaciją Biržų rajone; 3. Numatyti turizmo plėtros galimybes Biržų rajone. Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių. Pirmoje dalyje pateikta medžiaga apie turizmo plėtrą, darniosios turizmo plėtros ir tvaraus turizmo ypatumus, strateginio planavimo elementus bei modelius, padedančius skatinti turizmo plėtrą. Antroje dalyje apžvelgiama tyrimo metodika ir organizavimas, tyrimo instrumentas, tiriamųjų kontingentas. Trečioji – tiriamojo darbo dalis, kurioje analizuojamos Biržų rajono turizmo plėtros galimybės remiantis atliktos anketinės apklausos duomenimis. Taip pat išnagrinėta dabartinė Biržų rajono turizmo situacija bei atlikta turizmo plėtros galimybių Biržų rajone SSGG analizė. Remiantis moksline literatūra bei atlikto kiekybinio tyrimo rezultatais pateikiama suformuota turizmo plėtros galimybių Biržų rajone schema. Be to pasiūlytas projektinis turizmo plėtros Biržų rajone pasiūlymas – kaimo svečių namų „Ramybė“ verslo planas. Taip pat išanalizuoti turizmo plėtros projekto efektyvumo vertinimo metodai. Išvadose apibendrinami pagrindiniai teoriniai sprendimai, tyrimo bei anketavimo rezultatai. / -.

The decision has been made: The new cruise-ship quay in Visby will soon be an essential part of the Swedish island Gotland. This can be a great deal not only in regard to Gotland’s Vision 2025 and its citizens but also for Gotland as a tourist destination and its sustainable tourism development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore which sustainable considerations and goal settings Gotland’s municipality emphasised in the decision process of construction a new cruise-ship quay in Visby. Besides, we intended to raise awareness of discussing the cruise project from a sustainable tourism development perspective. This study explored the decision process through an overarching sustainability lens with the help of the triple bottom line (TBL) concept. The analysis was based on a triangulation of protocols and reports, meetings and semi-structured interviews with different key actors. This study contributes to the existing tourism literature by adopt the TBL concept on a political setting. The empirical contribution was to better understand and explain the results normally used by organisations from a broader, more holistic sustainable tourism development perspective. An overall conclusion from our study is that the planning and decision process for building a cruise quay in Visby has left residents not involved in the industry with split reactions. The case study reveals that public participation and public information throughout the decision process is essential to the public legitimacy.