by Yau Yin Fong, Yip Claudia. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-51). / ABSTRACT --- p.I / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.II / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.IV / PREFACE --- p.V / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- HONG KONG'S TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY_ --- p.5 / Chapter II.a. --- Performance in 2000 --- p.5 / Chapter II.b. --- Plans in 2001 --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- INTERNET MARKETING FOR TOURISM --- p.8 / Chapter III.a. --- Traditional Method of Tourism Promotion --- p.8 / Chapter III.b. --- Internet - The Most Important Mass Medium --- p.8 / Chapter III.c. --- The World Wide Web (WWW) --- p.9 / Chapter III.d. --- Advantage of WWW --- p.10 / Chapter III.e. --- HKTA's Web Site --- p.11 / Chapter III.f. --- Why Marketing Destinations Online is Important to the Tourism Industry --- p.12 / Chapter III.g. --- Extending the Usefulness of WWW --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- ITINERARY PLANNING MODEL --- p.16 / Chapter IV.a. --- Requirement for Itinerary Planning Model --- p.16 / Chapter IV.b. --- The Input Process --- p.19 / Chapter IV.c. --- Conversion of Hours to Numbers and Types of Travel Session --- p.22 / Chapter IV.d. --- How does the Matching Process Work --- p.27 / Chapter IV.e. --- A Matching Approach to Itinerary Planning --- p.33 / Chapter IV.f. --- Tourist as Variety Seeker --- p.39 / Chapter IV.g. --- A Buffet Approach to Itinerary Planning --- p.40 / Chapter IV.h. --- Extension - Web-mining --- p.433 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- CONCLUSION --- p.444 / APPENDIX --- p.466 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.499

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-26T13:06:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Gustavo Da Silva.pdf: 1153328 bytes, checksum: 539977d8b79c86b2a743a3090b6ca4ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T13:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Gustavo Da Silva.pdf: 1153328 bytes, checksum: 539977d8b79c86b2a743a3090b6ca4ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10 / Tourism is one of the biggest economic activities in the world and it has undergone changes in its management, especially in the perspective of marketing, a result of globalization and the internet. This dissertation has as its theme: "The Desion-Making Process of the Tourist in the Virtual Environment: Factors that influence the purchase stages", and it aims to analyze how the influencing factors of purchase are manifested in the physical and virtual environment in the decision-making process in the context of the hotel market. In the theoretical framework, this dissertation approaches the perspectives of digital marketing, decision-making process and tourism. This research was conducted with 330 Brazilian and foreign tourists who stayed in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, through a hotel wherewith they made contact to shopping in a physical and/or virtual environment. Therefore, it is an exploratory descriptive study, in this dissertation the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis (DA) for the treatment and analysis of the data were used it. It is concluded that, in relation to practical contributions to companies, is possible to infer that companies that operate in the hotel market must look for the changes that happen in the decision-making process in the virtual environment, considering variables that are important in the time of purchase by tourist, in which are: Satisfaction, Service, Ease, Credibility, Security, Price, Relationship, Post-sales and Communication. A company that markets hosting should not use the same way the marketing strategy for both environments (physical and virtual) because customers behave and evaluate differently depending on the environment in which they are inserted during the decision-making process / O turismo que é uma das maiores atividades econômicas do mundo e vem passando por mudanças na sua gestão notadamente na perspectiva do marketing, resultado da globalização e da internet. A presente tese tem como tema: “O Processo Decisório do Turista em Ambiente Virtual: Fatores que influenciam as etapas de compra”, e busca atender o objetivo de analisar como os fatores influenciadores de compra se manifestam no ambiente físico e virtual no processo decisório no contexto do mercado hoteleiro. No referencial teórico, o trabalho aborda perspectivas do marketing digital, processo decisório e turismo. A pesquisa foi realizada com 330 turistas brasileiros e estrangeiros que se hospedaram no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio de um estabelecimento hoteleiro com o qual realizaram contato para compra em ambiente físico e/ou virtual. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, neste estudo a Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), ANOVA e Análise Discriminante (AD) foram utilizadas para o tratamento e análise dos dados. Conclui-se que, no tocante as contribuições práticas para as empresas, é possível inferir que as organizações que atuam no mercado hoteleiro devem atentar para as mudanças que ocorrem no processo decisório no ambiente virtual, levando em consideração as variáveis que são importantes no momento da compra para o turista, sendo: Satisfação, Atendimento, Facilidade, Credibilidade, Segurança, Preço, Relacionamento, Pós-vendas e Comunicação. A empresa que comercializa hospedagem não deve utilizar da mesma forma as estratégias de marketing para os dois ambientes (físico e virtual), pois os clientes se comportam e avaliam de maneira diferente dependendo do ambiente o qual está inserido durante o processo decisório

by Chan Nga Sze, Lau Kuk Wan, May. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120). / Questionnaire in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / Chapter / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter 3 --- CITY OF LIFE: HONG KONG IS IT --- p.21 / Chapter 4 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.29 / Chapter 5 --- FINDINGS --- p.34 / Chapter 6 --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.72 / Chapter 7 --- CONCLUSION --- p.80 / Appendix / Chapter 1 --- DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE --- p.82 / Chapter 2 --- CITY OF LIFE - SCHEDULED EVENTS --- p.83 / Chapter 3 --- DISTRIBUTION OF THE LABOR FORCE BY AGE --- p.84 / Chapter 4 --- FOCUS GROUP DENOGRAPHICS --- p.84 / Chapter 4 --- A PLACE AND DATE FOR FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEWS --- p.85 / Chapter 5 --- FOCUS GROUP MODERATOR'S GUIDE --- p.85 / Chapter 6 --- SUMMARY OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION --- p.91 / Chapter 7 --- A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE --- p.99 / Chapter 7 --- B SURVEY RESULT --- p.107

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-22T11:33:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Fátima de Oliveira Lima.pdf: 3795637 bytes, checksum: 4d28c73c7da690bab58bb7a4b9d532e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T11:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Fátima de Oliveira Lima.pdf: 3795637 bytes, checksum: 4d28c73c7da690bab58bb7a4b9d532e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / The study aims to understand the meaning produced about the State of Piauí as a mark of a place and an integral part of the Brazilian nation. The State contrasts with others from the same region of the country, regarding economic indexes, quality of life and social welfare, although it has attractions that constitute potential natural and cultural assets of tourism exploration. It is hypothesized that, independent of its geopolitical, historical and cultural formation, the image of Piauí results from variants in the scope of communication, since many agents operate on the elements that construct their simulacrum of identity, leading, thus, to a negative perspective on the place. In this process, it is important to know how the state's action was promoted by the last two state governments, by the media focused on the dissemination of local attractions, both interested in promoting tourism. Taking as a basis the approach of communication in the field of brand formation, specifically the one that deals with place branding, by authors such as Kapferer, Kotler, Kavaratiz and Ashworth is intended to construct a critical vision of the strategies of building a brand of place (taken from the analysis of official IBGE data and other sociodemographic research institutes), which result in biases that are detrimental to a positive image of Piauí, or that reveals the erasures of attractive elements to the tourism and the people from Piauí. Among institutional and private discourses, the analysis proposes to understand which values are highlighted according to the interests of each group and how this shows an imbalance in the use of communication techniques to the detriment of inhabitants and the image of that State / O estudo objetiva compreender o significado produzido acerca do Estado do Piauí enquanto marca de um lugar e parte integrante da nação brasileira. O Estado contrasta com outros da mesma região do País quanto aos índices econômicos, de qualidade de vida e de bem-estar social, embora conte com atrativos que constituem ativos naturais e culturais potenciais de exploração turística. Parte-se da hipótese de que, independente de sua formação geopolítica, histórica e cultural, a imagem do Piauí resulta de variantes no âmbito da comunicação, pois muitos agentes operam sobre os elementos que constroem seu simulacro identitário, assim levando a uma perspectiva negativa sobre o local. Neste processo, importa saber como se deu a ação de divulgação do Estado pelos dois últimos governos estaduais e pela mídia, centrada na divulgação dos atrativos locais, ambos interessados no fomento do turismo. Tomando como fundamentação a abordagem da comunicação no campo da formação de marcas, especificamente aquela que trata de place branding, por autores como Kapferer, Kotler, Kavaratiz e Ashworth, pretende-se construir uma visão crítica das estratégias de construção de uma marca de lugar em contraponto à observação da realidade sociopolítica vivida naquele espaço (tomada da análise de dados oficiais do IBGE e demais institutos de pesquisa sociodemográfica) e que resultam em vieses prejudiciais a uma imagem positiva do Piauí, ou ainda que desvelem apagamentos de elementos atrativos ao turismo e aos piauienses. Entre discursos institucionais e privados, a análise propõe compreender quais valores são ressaltados de acordo com os interesses de cada grupo e como isso deixa ver um desequilíbrio no uso das técnicas de comunicação em prejuízo dos residentes e da imagem daquele Estado

Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Tourism activities set in coastal and marine environments have evolved far beyond the traditional passive leisure experiences of the classic resort holiday. While the traditional beach holiday remains a contemporary mass tourism phenomenon. Marine tourism now extends far beyond beach activities to a wide spread spectrum of activities including scuba diving with over 20 million certified divers worldwide. The tourism product carries both the characteristics of the service product and the characteristics unique to the tourism industry, which makes the tourism product different from physical/ tangible goods. Therefore tourism destinations involve a multiple of industries (e.g. hospitality, transportation, entertainment) that contribute through their value-added activities to the overall competitive position in the marketplace. Tourism value can be seen as a combination of a product’s (destination’s) perceived quality and associated price which a visitor will summarize as the value received. Value in tourism has been seen as a definite option to improve a destination’s competitive edge. Tourism development is about adding value in a way that is consistent with market demand. As tourism value is created within the destination it holds various benefits including that destinations will achieve high market growth and hence become more competitive due to successful value-added programmes. Destinations are winning competitive battles by careful analysis and response to the core values and needs of the segmented travel marketplace. This study was based on four distinct value dimensions developed by Sweeney and Soutar (2001:211) that are termed emotional, social, quality/ performance and price/ value for money. Sweeney and Soutar’s model (2001:211) was examined to determine its appropriateness for an intangible product in the service sector namely scuba diving. Two modifications to Sweeney and Soutar’s model (2001:211) were required for this study. The modifications which were used in this study included perceived risk value which was introduced by Hall, Robertson and Shaw (2001:350) and epistemic value developed by Sheth, Norman and Gross (1991:160). The primary goal of this dissertation was to determine the perceived value of scuba diving tourists at a marine destination. A literature study was undertaken to contextualise Marine Tourism and perceived value since a review of existing literature on perceived value provides insight as to why the value concept is so crucial for the success of marketing researchers. Thereafter an empirical study was undertaken to obtain relevant data for analysis. A nonprobability sampling method namely convenience sampling was used to conduct the survey due to the absence of a structured list of divers visiting Sodwana Bay during this time. A destination-based survey was undertaken at Sodwana Bay from the 29th of March to the 8th of April 2012. Five hundred (500) self-administered surveys where distributed by field workers among scuba divers who were available and willing to complete the questionnaire. Of the 500 questionnaires distributed a total of 402 were completed and could be used for collation of data. Microsoft™ Office™ Excel 2007 was used to capture the data, which was then statistically analysed and processed by means of descriptive statistics using the SPSS 20.0 programme. More specifically, factor analysis and ANOVAs were done to analyse the value created. In order to achieve the goal, the study was divided into two articles. Article 1 aimed to determine the perceived value of a tourism experience, in this case for the scuba diving tourists at a marine destination, namely Sodwana Bay. Results revealed that the demographic profile of the scuba divers, are middle aged Afrikaans speaking men who are well educated, earn a high income, and originate from Gauteng. To examine the factors underlying the value scale, a principle axis factor analysis with oblique rotation (direct oblimin) was undertaken. The twenty-two factor aspects yielded five factors with eigen values greater than 1.0. These factors explained 64% of the variance and were labelled: ‘Emotional value’, ‘Functional value’, ‘Social value’, ‘Perceived risk value’ and ‘Epistemic value’. Twenty-one aspects had loadings of over 0.418, with only one item having a factor loading of 0.251. With the highest mean (3.43) Epistemic value revealed that respondents consider curiosity, acquiring knowledge, providing novelty and broadening knowledge as key in a valued experience. Reliability (Cronbach’s α) was computed to verify the internal consistency of aspects with each factor. All factors with a Cronbach Alpha above 0.63 were deemed acceptable for the purposes of this exploratory study. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p<0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure sampling adequacy (KMO) was 0.874, which are acceptable for the purpose of this study. Article 2 aimed to determine the factors which influence perceived tourism values of scuba divers at a marine destination, namely Sodwana Bay. To achieve this, ANOVAs were developed and correlations were drawn between age, gender, province, income, level of education, marital status, number of times dived, number of nights stayed in the area, travel group size and media (including, websites, shows, friends, radio, T.V., magazines, previous visits and social networks such as Facebook and Twitter). Correlations were discovered between language, province, marital status, income and media (including, websites, shows, friends, radio, T.V., Magazines, Previous visits and Social Networks such as Facebook and Twitter). The perceived values which were rated highest in each case were emotional value, perceived risk value and perceived functional value. Since this is the first study of its kind in South Africa, it can benefit marine destinations all across the country. The perceived values which were rated highest in both articles should be of high priority in marketing efforts for marine destinations, especially where scuba diving activities are taking place. Assessing and understanding these values will help scuba diving destinations to gain a competitive advantage and provide a more tailor-made product which will improve the value experienced. It is recommended that this study is repeated at other diving sites and also various other tourism products to determine difference and/or similarities between tourism values. Marketing strategies can be utilized through the identification of these and various other values which will improve current marketing efforts. / Thesis (MA (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Tourism activities set in coastal and marine environments have evolved far beyond the traditional passive leisure experiences of the classic resort holiday. While the traditional beach holiday remains a contemporary mass tourism phenomenon. Marine tourism now extends far beyond beach activities to a wide spread spectrum of activities including scuba diving with over 20 million certified divers worldwide. The tourism product carries both the characteristics of the service product and the characteristics unique to the tourism industry, which makes the tourism product different from physical/ tangible goods. Therefore tourism destinations involve a multiple of industries (e.g. hospitality, transportation, entertainment) that contribute through their value-added activities to the overall competitive position in the marketplace. Tourism value can be seen as a combination of a product’s (destination’s) perceived quality and associated price which a visitor will summarize as the value received. Value in tourism has been seen as a definite option to improve a destination’s competitive edge. Tourism development is about adding value in a way that is consistent with market demand. As tourism value is created within the destination it holds various benefits including that destinations will achieve high market growth and hence become more competitive due to successful value-added programmes. Destinations are winning competitive battles by careful analysis and response to the core values and needs of the segmented travel marketplace. This study was based on four distinct value dimensions developed by Sweeney and Soutar (2001:211) that are termed emotional, social, quality/ performance and price/ value for money. Sweeney and Soutar’s model (2001:211) was examined to determine its appropriateness for an intangible product in the service sector namely scuba diving. Two modifications to Sweeney and Soutar’s model (2001:211) were required for this study. The modifications which were used in this study included perceived risk value which was introduced by Hall, Robertson and Shaw (2001:350) and epistemic value developed by Sheth, Norman and Gross (1991:160). The primary goal of this dissertation was to determine the perceived value of scuba diving tourists at a marine destination. A literature study was undertaken to contextualise Marine Tourism and perceived value since a review of existing literature on perceived value provides insight as to why the value concept is so crucial for the success of marketing researchers. Thereafter an empirical study was undertaken to obtain relevant data for analysis. A nonprobability sampling method namely convenience sampling was used to conduct the survey due to the absence of a structured list of divers visiting Sodwana Bay during this time. A destination-based survey was undertaken at Sodwana Bay from the 29th of March to the 8th of April 2012. Five hundred (500) self-administered surveys where distributed by field workers among scuba divers who were available and willing to complete the questionnaire. Of the 500 questionnaires distributed a total of 402 were completed and could be used for collation of data. Microsoft™ Office™ Excel 2007 was used to capture the data, which was then statistically analysed and processed by means of descriptive statistics using the SPSS 20.0 programme. More specifically, factor analysis and ANOVAs were done to analyse the value created. In order to achieve the goal, the study was divided into two articles. Article 1 aimed to determine the perceived value of a tourism experience, in this case for the scuba diving tourists at a marine destination, namely Sodwana Bay. Results revealed that the demographic profile of the scuba divers, are middle aged Afrikaans speaking men who are well educated, earn a high income, and originate from Gauteng. To examine the factors underlying the value scale, a principle axis factor analysis with oblique rotation (direct oblimin) was undertaken. The twenty-two factor aspects yielded five factors with eigen values greater than 1.0. These factors explained 64% of the variance and were labelled: ‘Emotional value’, ‘Functional value’, ‘Social value’, ‘Perceived risk value’ and ‘Epistemic value’. Twenty-one aspects had loadings of over 0.418, with only one item having a factor loading of 0.251. With the highest mean (3.43) Epistemic value revealed that respondents consider curiosity, acquiring knowledge, providing novelty and broadening knowledge as key in a valued experience. Reliability (Cronbach’s α) was computed to verify the internal consistency of aspects with each factor. All factors with a Cronbach Alpha above 0.63 were deemed acceptable for the purposes of this exploratory study. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p<0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure sampling adequacy (KMO) was 0.874, which are acceptable for the purpose of this study. Article 2 aimed to determine the factors which influence perceived tourism values of scuba divers at a marine destination, namely Sodwana Bay. To achieve this, ANOVAs were developed and correlations were drawn between age, gender, province, income, level of education, marital status, number of times dived, number of nights stayed in the area, travel group size and media (including, websites, shows, friends, radio, T.V., magazines, previous visits and social networks such as Facebook and Twitter). Correlations were discovered between language, province, marital status, income and media (including, websites, shows, friends, radio, T.V., Magazines, Previous visits and Social Networks such as Facebook and Twitter). The perceived values which were rated highest in each case were emotional value, perceived risk value and perceived functional value. Since this is the first study of its kind in South Africa, it can benefit marine destinations all across the country. The perceived values which were rated highest in both articles should be of high priority in marketing efforts for marine destinations, especially where scuba diving activities are taking place. Assessing and understanding these values will help scuba diving destinations to gain a competitive advantage and provide a more tailor-made product which will improve the value experienced. It is recommended that this study is repeated at other diving sites and also various other tourism products to determine difference and/or similarities between tourism values. Marketing strategies can be utilized through the identification of these and various other values which will improve current marketing efforts. / Thesis (MA (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The primary goal of this study was to identify key success factors for the management of a conference centre in South Africa. This goal was achieved by firstly portraying an overview of the conference industry in South Africa. Secondly, a literature study was conducted in order to determine the aspects in the literature that are regarded as of vital importance in managing a conference centre. Thirdly, the results of the empirical research were discussed. Lastly, conclusions were drawn from the research and recommendations were made with regard to further research. From the literature study, aspects of strategic management, financial management, marketing management, human resource management and management of operational aspects were identified as being important in the management of a conference centre. These aspects were used to compile a questionnaire. The objective of the questionnaire was to measure the importance that conference centre managers attach to the identified elements. Questionnaires were e-mailed to 250 conference centres. A total of 100 questionnaires were received back. The study population consisted of a database as compiled by the researcher from the Direct Access Conference Handbook (2004) and the Africa Conference Directory (2006/7). Questionnaires were also handed out personally to exhibitors at the INDABA Tourism Exhibition (2006). From the responses to the questionnaire it can be deduced that conference centre managers regard the aspects of strategic management, financial management, marketing management, human resource management and management of operational details as important to very important. A factor analysis was done to determine the key success factors in managing a conference centre. The following factors were identified, namely to: • Provide a conference centre with a functional layout and the correct variety of activities; • perform marketing management; • ensure that operational aspects are in place; • do proper planning; • provide an attractive venue and conduct a post-conference evaluation; and • perform human resource management. Conference centre managers have to apply the above-mentioned key success factors to ensure that the conference centre is successful over the longterm. / Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

The thesis analyzes the conditions, the current supply and demand for tourism services in the town and region Tábor. An integral part of the thesis consists also in the formulation of examples of a good practice to support the promotion and the turnout of the destination. The analytical part focuses on the analysis of internal and external environment, the SWOT analysis and the analysis of destination management. A new destination marketing of the town and region Tábor is recommended in the final part.

The diploma thesis provides comprehensive insight into the individual types of services of tourism. The main goal is evaluation of the quality of provided tourism services in the selected locality Hluboka nad Vltavou. In the theoretical part the concept associated with areas of tourism, services, marketing mix, quality and instruments of strategic marketing environment. In the practical part it was made detailed analysis of accommodation services, catering services, cultural services, sports services, sport and relaxation services and complementary services. In the practical part are also evaluated results of a research, which main aim was find out the satisfaction of tourism participant with a quality, level and range of tourism services, which are provided in the locality. The visitor's opinion on opportunities of cultural and sport activities is also very important. Attention was focused on the local and foreign participants of tourism in this direction. Based on the gained information and results of marketing research, the last section contains appropriate suggestions.