Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2017-02-15T01:08:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o DANIEL DA SILVA DE JESUS - PDF.pdf: 3083183 bytes, checksum: bd6b14e2cc2a38ab54b674866d480292 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T01:08:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o DANIEL DA SILVA DE JESUS - PDF.pdf: 3083183 bytes, checksum: bd6b14e2cc2a38ab54b674866d480292 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Lamiaceae species have been widely studied due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. There is scientific interest in developing technologies for the enhancement of production systems of medicinal plants, given that the low concentration of bioactive compounds is a major obstacle to their economic exploitation. Works with some species have shown that traces metals such as Cd, Cu and Zn, act as abiotic elicitors, directly influencing in the production of bioactive substances. Martianthus leucocephalus (Mart. Ex Benth.) J.F.B. Pastore produces rich essential oil in isobornyl formate with high antimicrobial activity. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Cd, Cu and Zn stress, on the species through growth, minerals accumulation, essential oil content and its major components, phenolic content and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the phytoremediation potential of this species was observed in the presence of the tested metals. When applied in high concentrations all metals caused sharp reduction in the M. leucocephalus growth, however, was observed that Zn stress caused an increase in the content of volatile compounds. Plant exposure of to milder metals concentrations caused less growth reduction and nutritional unbalance M. leucocephalus. In this case, Cd stress stimulate higher production of volatile compounds. No metal treatment alters the essential oils quality. Cd, Cu and Zn was accumulated in higher concentration in the roots, demonstrating the potential of this species to phytostabilization in contaminated environments. The Cd stress caused an increase in total phenolics concentration, while the peroxidases activity and lipid peroxidation was higher in metals stressed plants. / Esp?cies da fam?lia Lamiaceae t?m sido amplamente estudadas, devido as suas propriedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas e antivirais. Existe interesse cientifico no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a potencializa??o de sistemas de produ??o das plantas medicinais, tendo em vista que a baixa concentra??o dos compostos bioativos representa um dos maiores obst?culos para a sua explora??o econ?mica. Trabalhos com algumas esp?cies t?m demonstrado que os metais tra?os, como o Cd, Cu e Zn, atuam como eliciadores abi?ticos, influenciando de forma direta na produ??o de subst?ncias bioativas. Martianthus leucocephalus (Mart. ex Benth.) J.F.B. Pastore ? uma esp?cie que produz ?leo essencial rico em formiato de isobornila, com elevada atividade antimicrobiana. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do estresse por Cd, Cu e Zn, sobre a esp?cie, quantificando-se o crescimento, ac?mulo de minerais nas diversas partes da planta, teor de ?leo essencial e de seus componentes majorit?rios, teor de compostos fen?licos e de enzimas antioxidantes. Al?m disso, foi verificado o potencial fitorremediador desta esp?cie, na presen?a dos metais testados. Quando aplicados em elevadas concentra??es todos os metais provocaram forte redu??o no crescimento de M. leucocephalus, entretanto, nestas condi??es apenas o Zn provocou incremento no teor dos compostos vol?teis. A exposi??o das plantas desta esp?cie a concentra??es mais amenas dos metais provocou menor redu??o no crescimento e desbalan?o nutricional de M. leucocephalus. Neste caso, apenas o Cd estimulou maior produ??o de compostos vol?teis, mas nenhum tratamento com metal alterou a qualidade dos ?leos essenciais obtidos. As plantas acumularam Cd, Cu e Zn em maior concentra??o nas ra?zes, demonstrando o potencial da esp?cie para a fitoestabiliza??o desses metais em ambientes contaminados. O estresse por Cd provocou aumento da concentra??o de fen?licos totais, enquanto que a atividade das peroxidases e a peroxida??o lip?dica foi maior nas plantas submetidas aos tr?s metais.

Les conséquences des activités industrielles passées, et notamment métallurgiques, persistent encore aujourd'hui. C'est le cas dans l'actuel Parc National des Calanques, qui abrite l'ancienne fonderie de plomb de l'Escalette (sud-est de Marseille). Ainsi, plus de 80 ans après la fermeture de cette usine, une contamination importante et étendue en éléments traces métalliques et métalloïdes (ETMM) est présente. Les objectifs de cette thèse ont été de contribuer à l'évaluation de la contamination diffuse en ETMM des sols des Calanques situés aux alentours du site industriel abandonné de l'Escalette. Dans un but futur de restauration écologique, solution adaptée dans le contexte particulier de la zone de pollution diffuse, située dans le Parc National des Calanques, les capacités d'accumulation et les mécanismes de tolérance d'une espèce autochtone, le romarin (Rosmarinus officinalis) ont été étudiés. Ainsi, cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence quelques mécanismes de tolérance aux ETMM certainement mis en jeu dans le cas du romarin. Les résultats montrent que le romarin pourrait être un candidat intéressant pour la phytostabilisation aux vues de sa capacité d'accumulation des ETMM dans les racines, ainsi que sa résistance à des niveaux de contamination très élevés. / Past industrial activities, particularly metallurgical one, have current environmental consequences. As an example, the former lead smelter from l'Escalette (South-East Marseille, France) in the National Park of Calanques lead to an important environmental pollution of its surroundings. Thus, more than 80 years after its activity ceased, a trace metal and metalloide (TMM) diffuse pollution is still present. This PhD study aimed to contribute to the assessment of the diffuse contamination levels by TMM of the Calanque's soils around the former lead smelting factory. Aiming at identifying an adapted solution of ecological restoration of the areas with diffuse pollution located in the National Park of Calanques. Accumulation abilities and tolerance mechanisms of a native plant species, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), were studied. In order to achieve this, in situ and ex situ assays were performed. TMM concentrations in rosemary organs (leaves, stems, roots) and some stress phytometabolites were assessed. Moreover, the role of mycorrhizal symbioses in rosemary tolerance was evaluated.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-06T20:01:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Edson Rodrigues Guedes Gondim.pdf: 2993772 bytes, checksum: e59c03e20951f28e1850a28da2ba540e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T20:01:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Edson Rodrigues Guedes Gondim.pdf: 2993772 bytes, checksum: e59c03e20951f28e1850a28da2ba540e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / The physical, chemical and biological aspects of three estuaries of Pernambuco were studied to verify the different patterns of human impacts in these environments. Water quality and sediment parameters were collected from estuaries of Rio Botafogo and Carrapicho (north coast of PE) and Rio Maracaípe (Southern coast of the state) in the period from July to December 2011. These estuaries have different characteristics in your area, Rio Botafogo in the vicinity of the basin has more industries, Rio Carrapicho more shrimp and agriculture in general and the Rio Maracaípe is almost urban. The parameters observed regarding the sediment significant differences were identified in the presence of trace metals between the estuary of the Rio Botafogo with the Rio Maracaípe. As for the water the most significant difference was identified in total and fecal coliform estuary Rio Maracaípe regarding the Rio Carrapicho. Individually it was observed that the Rio Botafogo estuary is contaminated by iron (Fe) and mercury (Hg) due to evictions of industries and the estuary has Maracaípe contamination by fecal coliform or resulting from poor sanitary conditions of their area. The principal component analysis showed patterns of different characteristics within each of estuaries and also between them. For the phytoplankton was not identified any significant change in their communities. / Os aspectos físicos, químicos e biológicos de três estuários de Pernambuco foram estudados para verificar os diferentes padrões de impactos antropogênicos nestes ambientes. Parâmetros de qualidade da água e do sedimento foram coletados dos estuários do Rio Botafogo e Carrapicho (litoral norte de PE) e do Rio Maracaípe (Litoral Sul do Estado) no período de julho a dezembro de 2011. Estes estuários possuem características diferentes em sua área, o Rio Botafogo no entorno da sua bacia possui mais indústrias, o Rio Carrapicho mais carcinicultura e a agricultura em geral e o Rio Maracaípe é praticamente urbano. Nos parâmetros observados referente ao sedimento foram identificadas diferenças significativas na presença de metais traços entre o estuário do Rio Botafogo com o do Rio Maracaípe. Já para a água a diferença mais significativa foi identificada nos coliformes totais e termotolerantes do estuário do Rio Maracaípe com relação ao Rio Carrapicho. Individualmente foi observado que o estuário do Rio Botafogo encontra-se contaminado por ferro (Fe) e mercúrio (Hg) devido aos despejos das indústrias e que o estuário do Rio Maracaípe possui uma contaminação por coliformes fecais ou termotolerantes decorrente das péssimas condições sanitárias da sua área. A análise de Componentes Principais evidenciou os padrões de diferentes características dentro de cada um dos estuários como também entre eles. Para os fitoplâncton não foi identificado nenhuma mudança significativa em suas comunidades.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’évaluer le degré de contamination des différents compartiments du site de la décharge d’Étueffont à savoir : les lixiviats, les sédiments, l’eau souterraine, les poissons, les insectes et les microorganismes de la décharge d’Étueffont. Ce travail de recherche est structuré en neuf chapitres.Après une première partie (Part I) consacrée à une étude bibliographique, le deuxième chapitre (Part II) présente le site d’étude, c’est-à-dire l’installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux(ISDND) d’Étueffont. La troisième partie (Part III) est consacrée à l’analyse de la qualité des lixiviats dans les lagunes, les unités de stockage des déchets « Nouveau casier », « Sous casier », « Ancienne décharge », les ruisseaux du gros Pré et Mont Bonnet. La quatrième partie (Part IV) intitulée « Contamination métallique des sédiments du site de la décharge d’Étueffont », aborde l’étude de la variation spatiotemporelle des éléments traces métalliques au niveau des lixiviats et des sédiments dans les quatre lagunes du site de la décharge d’Étueffont. Afin de déterminer le degré de contamination métallique des lixiviats et des sédiments, nous avons procédé à un suivi de certains éléments localisés en amont, au milieu et en aval de chaque lagune avec un pas d’échantillonnage trimestriel entre octobre 2013 et avril 2016. La cinquième partie (Part V), complémentaire du chapitre précédent, définit plus précisément la distribution spatiale du panache à travers l’analyse de la qualité de l’eau souterraine au moyen de piézomètres. La sixième partie (Part VI) concerne les effets des métaux lourds sur les échanges gazeux et la fluorescence des chlorophylles chez (Typha latifolia). Le septième chapitre (Part VII) est consacré à l’étude des microorganismes de la décharge d’Etueffont : apport de la cytométrie en flux. Dans le huitième chapitre (Part VIII), nous aborderons l’étude de la bioaccumulation des éléments traces métalliques dans le Chironome Chironomus riparius. La dernière partie (Part IX) intitulée « Étude de la bioaccumulation des éléments traces métalliques au niveau des différents organes du gardon Rutilus rutilus», aborde l’étude de la bioaccumulation des éléments traces métalliques au niveau de différents organes (muscle, foie, arêtes et branchies). / The objective of this thesis work is to estimate the contamination level in the various compartments of the Étueffont discharge site namely: leachates, sediments, groundwater, fishes and insects. The microorganisms (< 10 µm) of the Étueffont discharge of were investigated at the single cell level by flow cytometry. This research work is structured in nine chapters.The first part (Part I), is dedicated to a literature review. Part II presents the study site, the storage of non-hazardous waste (ISDND) at Étueffont. Part III is dedicated to the analysis of leachate quality in lagoons, NC, SC, AD, MB and GP. Part IV addresses "Metal Sediment Contamination of Étueffont discharge site" It concerns the study of spatial and temporal variation of trace metals in leachate and sediment in the four lagoons landfill site of Étueffont. To determine the metal contamination level in leachate and sediment, we conducted follow-elements located upstream, middle and downstream in each lagoon with quarterly sampling between October 2013 and April 2016. Part V complements the previous chapter, by specifically defining the spatial distribution of the plume through the quality analysis of the piezometer groundwater. Part VI addresses the heavy metals impacts on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in (Typha latifolia). Part VII is dedicated to the microorganisms (<10 µm) investigation in the Étueffont discharge: by using flow cytometry. In the (Part VIII), we addressed the study of bioaccumulation of trace metallic elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd and Pb) in insect Chironomus riparius. Part IX entitled "Study bioaccumulation of trace metals in the various organs of roach Rutilus rutilus" concerns bioaccumulation of trace metals in different organs (muscle, liver, bones and gills) of this fish.