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Being non-renewable source of energy, oil maintains the largest contributor to the energy mix of all counties in the world. Consequently, oil-refining industry is a field of particular concern for the governments and society. This work focuses on oil-refining industry in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe. This topic is very sensitive for CEE counties due to continuously rising energy prices, vulnerability of the supply security and current EC regulations concerning emissions trade and common environment policy. This thesis aims to answer to question what will happen to the industry in CEE counties after implication of new EC regulations and development of the renewable sources of energy. For this purpose, SWOT analysis of the industry in different counties was performed, highlighting major strengths and potential threats. Further analysis describes major mergers and acquisitions in the industry, FDI and current problems of trade imbalance. Particular attention is given to the security of supply and dangerous dependency on the crude oil imports. The results show that some EC policies and regulations could be potentially perilous for the counties which have large crude reserves and developed oil-refining and petrochemical industry, influencing such factors as cost of production and competitiveness of the product in the market. However, further development of renewable sources is often the only option available for the counties with no fossil fuel reserves and poor developed refining infrastructure, aimed to eliminate ever-increasing energy dependency.

本文從產業組織的觀點出發，強調廠商間之策略性互動、貿易政策及成本結構對產業內貿易、開放程度及貿易不均衡比例的影響。研究方法上，主要以Brander & Krugman(1983)、Dei(1990)與翁永和(1994)的模型，作為實證之理論基礎，並以1991年台灣與世界各國製造業的產業內貿易、開放程度及貿易不均衡比例為本文的研究對象。 　　實證結果顯示：(1)產業內貿易（G-L指數）：關稅障礙提高，明顯地使產業內貿易下降。而產業集中度及研發比例對產業內貿易都有顯著的正向關係。其他變數則多不顯著。(2)開放程度（進出口總值佔國內總需求的比例）：關稅障礙提高，對開放程度有顯著正向關係。廠商家數、產品異質性及資本密集度別對開放程度有顯著的負向關係。其他變數則多不顯著。(3)貿易不均衡（淨出口值佔國內總需求的比例）：對順差的產業而言，只有關稅障礙和廠商家數對其順差比例具解釋能力，表示關稅上升或廠商數減少會增加產業之順差比例。對逆差的產業而言，相對市場大小、關稅障礙及廠商家數對逆差比率具解釋能力，表示當外國相對本國市場擴大、關稅調降及廠商家數減少，會加深其貿易赤字。而對整體製造業來說，則相對外國市場擴大、成本競爭力下降及關稅障礙上升，會減少產業內貿易盈餘比例、增加貿易赤字比例。