The aim of this study is to identify the best practices in traditional and electronic banking operations strategy in Jordan as a case study of developing economies over the period 1999 to 2008. During this period numerous changes faced banks in Jordan: new banking law was launched, the banks were directed towards complying with the Basel Accord II, and the banks adopted more e-banking channels. Only the practices of all local banks were investigated due to their superior performance. A number of questionnaires were used to collect the data from different individuals in these banks. Further, annual reports were analysed and websites were reviewed. Two data-analysis approaches were used to identify the key strategies of traditional and electronic banking in Jordan: competitive position analysis and cluster analysis. Analysis revealed eight best practices of traditional banking and four best practices of electronic banking were adopted. Best practices are presented as prediction models. These models combine actions with capabilities and performance. The traditional banking predication models are: branches urban accessibility, branches sites accessibility (percentage of sites covered), branches sites accessibility (number of branches sites covered), account transaction time, new credit product flexibility, account customer waiting time, account transaction cost, loan approval costs, and branches layout quality. The e-banking prediction models are: Internet banking transaction time, telephone banking volume flexibility, ATM suburban accessibility, and ATM sites accessibility. This research revealed that; financial performance achieved by e-banking strategy patterns is significantly lower than traditional banking. Also customers satisfaction, retention, and deposit market of e-banking are significantly lower than traditional banking, which indicates that the best operational practices in Jordan are still more traditional oriented despite the significant direction of banks in Jordan toward adopting e-banking channel.

The aim of this study is to identify the best practices in traditional and electronic banking operations strategy in Jordan as a case study of developing economies over the period 1999 to 2008. During this period numerous changes faced banks in Jordan: new banking law was launched, the banks were directed towards complying with the Basel Accord II, and the banks adopted more e-banking channels. Only the practices of all local banks were investigated due to their superior performance. A number of questionnaires were used to collect the data from different individuals in these banks. Further, annual reports were analysed and websites were reviewed. Two data-analysis approaches were used to identify the key strategies of traditional and electronic banking in Jordan: competitive position analysis and cluster analysis. Analysis revealed eight best practices of traditional banking and four best practices of electronic banking were adopted. Best practices are presented as prediction models. These models combine actions with capabilities and performance. The traditional banking predication models are: branches urban accessibility, branches sites accessibility (percentage of sites covered), branches sites accessibility (number of branches sites covered), account transaction time, new credit product flexibility, account customer waiting time, account transaction cost, loan approval costs, and branches layout quality. The e-banking prediction models are: Internet banking transaction time, telephone banking volume flexibility, ATM suburban accessibility, and ATM sites accessibility. This research revealed that; financial performance achieved by e-banking strategy patterns is significantly lower than traditional banking. Also customers satisfaction, retention, and deposit market of e-banking are significantly lower than traditional banking, which indicates that the best operational practices in Jordan are still more traditional oriented despite the significant direction of banks in Jordan toward adopting e-banking channel.

Denna kvalitativa studie belyser traditionella- och internetbanker i Sverige ur ettinnovationsperspektiv med fokus på kundvärde. Internetbankerna erbjuder idag tjänster somkan utföras när som helst av kunderna vilket gör att den traditionella banken inte är likarelevant som förr. För att skapa kundvärde bör bankerna använda sina tjänster på rätt sätt iden digitala eran som råder för att attrahera kunder. Genom att ta fram relevant sekundärdataoch primärdata i form av en intervju har användbar information tagits fram som besvaratstudiens syfte och frågeställningar. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur för- och nackdelar medinnovationen internetbank kan hanteras för ett ökat kundvärde. Kopplat till syftet finnsföljande frågeställningar: Vilka fördelar och nackdelar har traditionell bankverksamhetrespektive internetbank? Hur kan fördelar med traditionell bankverksamhet tjänstefieras iinternetbank för att skapa ett ökat kundvärde? Hur kan nackdelar med internetbank minskas,elimineras eller vändas till fördelar? En intervju med ett fallföretag genomfördes för att fåtillgång till primärdata som tillsammans med insamlad teori skapade en analysdel som vidareskapade en slutsats. I analysen diskuterades att det är relevant att ha både traditionell ochinternetbaserad bankverksamhet för att skapa en helhet som ökar kundvärdet. För det ärtydligt att det finns olika typer av behov av olika grupper människor vilket gör att det inte kanfungera på ett sätt. Det digitala utanförskapet där flera äldre befinner sig kan finnadigitaliseringen och tjänster på internet som är svåra att behärska. Slutligen kan detkonstateras att samhället ständigt utvecklas med nya digitala lösningar vilket gör attinnovativa idéer är viktiga för att vara konkurrenskraftiga och skapa ett ökat kundvärde. / This qualitative study sheds light on traditional and internet banks in Sweden from aninnovation perspective with focus on customer value. Internet banks today offer services thatcan be performed at any time by customers, which means that the traditional bank is not asrelevant as before. In order to create customer value, banks should use their services in theright way in the prevailing digital era to attract customers. By producing relevant secondarydata and primary data in the form of an interview, useful information has been produced thatanswers the study's purpose and questions. The purpose of the study is to investigate how thepros and cons of internet banking innovation can be handled for increased customer value.Linked to the purpose are the following questions: What are the advantages anddisadvantages of traditional banking and internet banking respectively? How can advantagesof traditional banking be serviced in internet banking to create increased customer value?How can the disadvantages of internet banking be reduced, eliminated or turned intoadvantages? An interview with a case company is conducted to gain access to primary datawhich together with collected theory and analysis is further created and concluded. In theanalysis, it was discussed that it is relevant to have both traditional and internet-basedbanking in order to create a whole that increases customer value. Because there are differenttypes of needs of different groups of people, which means that it can not work in one way.The digital exclusion in which many older people find themselves may find digitalization andservices on the internet difficult to master. Finally, it can be stated that society is constantlydeveloping with new digital solutions, which means that innovative ideas are important to becompetitive and create increased customer value.

Cette thèse est la première tentative pour examiner empiriquement trois aspects différents liés au système bancaire parallèle. Nous cherchons à mieux comprendre le sujet de la finance de l'ombre.Le chapitre 1 se concentre sur la corrélation entre le système bancaire parallèle et les autres institutions financières ordinaires, principalement les banques, les compagnies d'assurance et les fonds de pension. Les résultats suggèrent que le système bancaire parallèle agit comme un complément et non comme un substitut à d'autres institutions financières régulières.Le chapitre 2 examine les déterminants des prêts bancaires parallèles. Ce chapitre étudie comment la réglementation et d'autres facteurs influencent le rôle du système bancaire parallèle dans l’offre de crédit. Les résultats de ce chapitre indiquent que le système bancaire parallèle n'est pas une réponse à une réglementation stricte.Le chapitre 3 montre qu'il y a un impact positif du système bancaire parallèle sur la stabilité et la rentabilité bancaires. Cependant, ces résultats sont inversés pendant les périodes de crise. Ces résultats indiquent que le système bancaire parallèle a un impact positif pendent les « bonnes » périodes et un impact négatif pendant les « mauvaises». / This PhD dissertation is the first attempt to empirically examine three different aspects related to the shadow banking system. We generally aim at providing a better understanding of the shadow banking topic.Chapter 1 focuses on the correlation between the shadow banking system and other regular financial institutions mainly banks, insurance companies, and pension funds. The results suggest that shadow banking system is acting as a complement and not a substitute to other regular financial systems.Chapter 2 examines the determinants of shadow banking loans. This study investigates how regulations and other factors impact the role of the shadow banking system in supplying credit. This chapter’s results indicate that shadow banking system is not an answer to high and severe regulations.Chapter 3 shows that there is a positive impact of the increased share of shadow banking system on banking stability and profitability. However, these results are inversed during crisis periods. These results indicate that shadow banking system makes good times better and bad time worse.

Is the collapse of the traditional banking industry imminent? Although this is a thoughtprovoking statement and numerous arguments could be made for its inevitable demise in the faceof the fast moving and highly innovative Fintech industry, the fact remains that the traditionalbanking industry still serves as the primary financial intermediary when it comes to almost all ofour financial needs. But what if this wasn't the case? The rise of the Fintech industry has broughtwith it a tidal wave of new innovations and technologies that have in more recent yearschallenged the traditional banking industries' unassailable position in the credit market. Onerelatively new phenomena in the Fintech industry is Peer-to-Peer lending (P2P). Is this newphenomena here to stay and can it possibly cause tremendous damage to the existing incumbent’sposition in the industry? For this study we decided to investigate the relationship between peer to peer lending and thetraditional banking industry in Sweden for a variety of reasons. Firstly, P2P lending challengesthe banks dominance in their most profitable sector which is lending. This is because P2Plending bypasses the banks role in this financial transaction, cutting them out as middlemen inthe lending process by connecting the lender and borrower directly. Furthermore, P2P lending isable to provide better interest rates due to lower operational costs as well as a faster loanapproval process as well as being able to target isolated and underserved customer segmentsthought to be outside of the banks risk parameters. These factors put together present a unique challenge to the banks in terms of competition anddisruption. Our research investigated whether or not the P2P lending platforms in Sweden did infact cause disruption to the traditional banking industry or if they were creating a separate marketindependent from the traditional banking industry. The purpose of our study was to illuminatethe relationship between P2P lending and the traditional banking industry in a developedeconomy in order to contribute to the ongoing debate about the impacts that P2P lending has onthe banking industry. In our research and through our empirical findings we arrived at some very interestingconclusions. The banking industry is indeed being challenged and slowly pushed out of theconsumer lending sector, although to attribute this solely to P2P lending would be incorrect.Furthermore, although all of the banks we interviewed agreed that P2P lending was not a threatfrom a strategic viewpoint, the argument could also be made that disruption is occurring asincumbent firms ignore the needs of those downmarket and as a result new entrants thentargeting these customer segments gain traction and eventually target incumbent firms mostprofitable customer segment. Our findings conclude that P2P lending has indeed causeddisruption in the traditional banking industry although the level of disruption caused by P2Plending specifically is still up to debate.