The thesis Golden Trail: A homeland-study magazine of region of Hus and Chelčický deals with the topic of Czech homeland-study magazines of first half of the twentieth century. It describes basic characteristics of this type of magazines and their history. The work characterises the specifics of homeland-study magazines on the example of the Golden Trail, which is a typical representative of this type of magazines. Golden Trail was published by a group of teachers in Vodňany from 1927 to 1948 with a break during the Second World War. The thesis describes magazines' history, goals, financial sources, explains, how it was prepared for publishing, who were the editors and authors of the articles etc. It also analyses the content of the magazines. It describes the main topics, article types, the sections and their evolution. The subject of the analyses were three volumes of the magazine - number one (published in the years 1928-1929), number twelve (1938-1939) and number seventeen (1948-1949).

Psychological factors specific to overuse injury pain in physical activity contexts were explored within a social identity theoretical framework. Study 1 involved development of a method for designating overuse injury pain occurrence of hikers (N = 751), along with exploration of relationships between psychological measures, overuse injury pain occurrence, and effort levels. The findings of this cross-sectional, mixed-methods investigation revealed that social identification, social identity content, and mental toughness differentiated hikers who incurred overuse injury pain or selected a higher-effort behaviour from those who did not. From qualitative analysis, several social identity constructs (i.e., group member's presence, in-group status, social creativity, additional social identity content) emerged as contributors to overuse injury occurrence. The focus of Study 2 was a prospective examination of the aforementioned psychological factors in relation to overuse injury severity of hikers (N = 283). Additionally, the Test of Intentions to Reduce Effort (TIRE) was developed to identify individuals with susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity. Results provided evidence of factorial, construct, and predictive validity of TIRE factor scores. TIRE factors and social identity content significantly predicted higher severity of hikers' overuse injury pain. Mental toughness scores moderated the relationship between social identification and overuse injury severity. Study 3 consisted of a qualitative examination of social identity mechanisms of overuse injury pain in a physical activity context, CrossFit®, involving the presence of group leaders, and in which group members view each other. Findings revealed mechanisms pertaining to social identity content, in-group status, and social threats. Overall, the findings support a new means for assessing overuse injury occurrence and susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity, whilst demonstrating the potential applicability of social identity theory to the study of overuse injury. Knowledge gained may ultimately aid development of interventions to reduce overuse injury occurrence and severity of physical activity participants.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-08T22:04:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 10b.pdf: 11735358 bytes, checksum: d58155d036bd55a1a5ff2dfd32b4c4bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T22:04:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10b.pdf: 11735358 bytes, checksum: d58155d036bd55a1a5ff2dfd32b4c4bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Nenhuma / Sistemas de computadores estão cada vez mais sendo utilizados por escolas e universidades para gerenciar os aprendizes em todo o mundo. Os dados gerados pela utilização de sistemas como Enterprise Resource Planning, Learning Management System e Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem podem conter informações valiosas. Estas informações podem ser estrategicamente utilizadas para auxiliar os professores na tomada de decisão. No entanto, existem casos onde somente os dados históricos dos aprendizes não são suficientes para apoiar a tomada de decisão. A tomada de decisão pode ser requerida antes mesmo de se obter os dados históricos, por exemplo, para aprendizes recém matriculados. O Estilo de Aprendizagem pode complementar os dados históricos cobrindo essa lacuna através do cruzamento com os padrões de comportamento histórico. Uma vez coletado, o Estilo de Aprendizagem pode ser utilizado em qualquer momento futuro, pois é considerado estável de maneira a não mudar significativamente com o passar do tempo. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo propor a avaliação da utilização do Estilo de Aprendizagem no diagnóstico antecipado do comportamento dos aprendizes na modalidade de Educação a Distância para o suporte à tomada de decisão. A hipótese de que existe relação entre o Estilo de Aprendizagem e o comportamento do aprendiz em um Ambientes Virtual de Aprendizagem surge a partir do entendimento do conceito de Estilo de Aprendizagem, onde as preferências cognitivas e comportamentais são descritas numericamente. O comportamento de aprendizes em um ambiente virtual é identificado através das suas interações com os elementos do ambiente virtual. Dessa maneira, os dados sobre estas interações podem ser relacionados com as variáveis que descrevem o Estilo de Aprendizagem, chamadas dimensões, permitindo com que o diagnóstico antecipado do comportamento possa ser realizado promovendo o suporte à tomada de decisão. Assim, esta dissertação traz os esfor- ços da potencial utilização do Estilo de Aprendizagem em doze experimentos de diagnóstico do comportamento do aprendiz. Os resultados destes experimentos sugerem que o Estilo de Aprendizagem pode explicar o comportamento do aprendiz relacionados à quantidade de interações no ambiente de aprendizagem, ao intervalo de tempo entra as interações e à evasão. A dimensão Sequencial/Global apresentou resultados claros de que é possível antecipar o comportamento do aprendiz utilizando apenas o estilo com acurácia entre 50 e 80% para praticamente todos os experimentos. Complementarmente, a dimensão Ativo/Reflexivo também apresentou resultados com o mesmo nível de acurácia, porém satisfazendo apenas metade dos experimentos. / Computer systems are increasingly being used by schools and universities to manage learners in the worldwide. The data generated by the use of systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning, Learning Management System and Virtual Learning Environments can contain valuable information. This information can be used strategically to support teachers in decision making. However, there are situations where only the learners’ historical data are not sufficient to support decision making. Decision making may be required even before obtaining historical data, in example, for newly registered learners. The learner Learning Style can complement historical data covering this gap through the intersection with the historical behavior patterns. Once collected, learning style can be used at any time in the future, it is considered stable so as not change significantly over time. Thus, this thesis aims to propose a evaluation of the potential use of Learning Style in the early learner behavior diagnosis in the distance learning to support decision making. The hypothesis that there is a relation between Learning Style and the learner behavior in Virtual Learning Environments arises from the understanding of the concept of Learning Style, where the cognitive and behavioral preferences are described numerically. The learners’ behavior in a virtual environment is identified through its interaction with the elements of the virtual environment. Thus, the data generated from these interactions can be related to the variables that describe the Learning Style, called dimensions, allowing that early behavior diagnosis can be achieved by promoting the support to decision making. Thus, this dissertation brings the efforts of the potential use of Learning Style to diagnose learners’ behavior in twelve experiments. The results of these experiments suggest that the Learning Style can explain the learner behavior related to the amount of interaction in the learning environment, the interval of time among interactions and evasion. The Sequential/Global dimension had clear results that it is possible to anticipate the learner behavior using only the style with accuracy between 50 and 80% for almost all experiments. In addition, the Active/Reflective dimension also presented results with the same level of accuracy, however satisfying only half of the experiments.

L’érosion des sentiers de moyenne montagne auvergnate est étudiée dans cette thèse à travers l’évolution morphologique de quatre secteurs présentant des stades d’érosion et des rythmes d’évolution différents, répartis dans le Massif du Sancy et la Chaîne des Puys. Notre approche méthodologique repose sur le croisement de trois jeux de données inédits collectés sur le terrain : relevés topographiques, données climatiques et cartographie du comportement des randonneurs. Les relevés topographiques fins mobilisent trois méthodes complémentaires de collecte de données (lasergrammétrie, GPS différentiel et relevés manuel). L’analyse croisée de l’ensemble de ces données nous a permis de : (1) quantifier des volumes d’érosion et de dépôt ; (2) cartographier les secteurs les plus sensibles à l’érosion ; (3) identifier une saisonnalité des processus érosifs ; (4) proposer un outil d’aide à la gestion des sentiers.Nos résultats de quantification de l’érosion des sentiers indiquent une différenciation des secteurs étudiés. Ce gradient d’érosion constaté s’explique par : le contexte climatique local qui commande la saisonnalité des processus d’érosion, la fréquentation touristique inégale et l’érodabilité du substrat. En réponse à cette érosion, nous avons observé la mise en place de divers aménagements (fils guide, fascines, murets, rigoles d’évacuation…), globalement efficaces. Néanmoins, il apparaît qu’un affinement du positionnement de ces derniers, sur la base d’une compréhension des processus érosifs sur un temps plus long, optimiserait le rôle protecteur de ces ouvrages. / In this thesis, weathering of hiking trails has been studied in the low mountain ranges of the Massif Central (Auvergne, France) through the morphological comparison of four sectors in the Massif du Sancy and the Chaîne des Puys, each one presenting different erosion stages and rhythms of evolution. Our methodological approach is based on the crossing of three unpublished field datasets: topographic data, climate data and cartography of hiker behavior. High resolution topographic data mobilized three complementary data collection methods (terrestrial laser scanning, GPS monitoring and manual monitoring). Cross-analysis of all these data allowed us to: (1) quantify erosion and depositional volumes; (2) map the weathering sensitivity of studied areas; (3) identify the seasonality of weathering processes; (4) propose an operational evaluation tool for the management of hiking trails in low mountain ranges. Weathering quantification results show a clear differentiation of the studied areas. This contrasting erosion gradient has been proved to be linked to: local bioclimatic parameters which command the seasonality of weathering processes, irregular touristic attendance and substratum durability. In response to this erosion, varied management were introduced (guideline, wattle fence, low wall, water bars ...) and globally effective. Nevertheless, it appears that a refinement of the positioning adjustments, based on an understanding of weathering processes over a longer period would optimize the protective role of these structures.

O efeito ansiolítico dos benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) é reduzido depois da primeira exposição ao labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Várias hipóteses tem sido formuladas para explicar este fenômeno chamado one-trial tolerance (OTT), entretanto, nenhuma delas é conclusiva. No presente estudo, examinamos este fenômeno através da análise etofarmacológica de ratos submetidos ao LCE em duas sessões (T1 e T2), e do conteúdo de monoaminas presentes no córtex pré-frontal, amígdala, hipocampo e núcleo accumbens através da técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão. Ratos machos Wistar foram tratados com salina ou midazolam (0,5 mg/Kg, i.p.) antes de T1 e T2 e imediatamente depois, seus encéfalos foram dissecados e as estruturas analisadas. Como controle à análise neuroquímica foram incluídos animais tratados com salina e não expostos ao LCE. A administração de midazolam antes de T1 promoveu efeito ansiolítico, aumentando a exploração dos braços abertos, porcentagem de entradas e tempo de permanência nos mesmos. Em T2 foi observado redução da exploração dos braços abertos em relação a T1. Esses resultados sugerem que há uma mudança no estado emocional do animal em T2, que é resistente a ação ansiolítica dos BZDs. Com relação aos resultados dos estudos neuroquímicos, foi observado redução dos conteúdos de serotonina (5- HT) e noradrenalina (NA) no córtex pré-frontal, na amígdala, no hipocampo e no núcleo accumbens depois de T1 e T2. Houve também, redução do conteúdo de dopamina (DA) na amígdala depois de ambas sessões. Não ocorreram mudanças nas taxas de renovação dessas monoaminas em nenhuma das estruturas analisadas. Através desses resultados, pode-se inferir que a estimulação aversiva do LCE causa alterações na neurotransmissão monoaminérgica da amígdala, como também das outras estruturas límbicas estudadas neste trabalho. Essas alterações neuroquímicas depois da primeira exposição ao LCE, devem representar alterações adaptativas na neurotransmissão do sistema límbico que podem estar associadas ao fenômeno da OTT. / Numerous reports have demonstrated that a single exposure to a variety of stressful experiences enhances fearful reactions when behavior is subsequently tested in current animal models of anxiety. Until now, no study has examined the neurochemical changes during the test and retest sessions of freely-behaving rats in the elevated plus-maze (EPM), one of the most traditional tests of anxiety. This work is a new approach looking at the changes in dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens during one-trial learning development. We used high pressure liquid chromatography to assess the concentrations of these neurotransmitters and their metabolites in animals injected with saline or midazolam upon single or double exposure to the EPM. For the biochemical analysis an extra control group treated with saline and not exposed to EPM was added. The data showed that stressful stimuli present in the maze were able to elicit one-trial learning to midazolam on re-exposure. Significant decreases in 5-HT and NA contents in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens occurred in saline and midazolam injected animals submitted to the first and second trials. Significant decreases in DA content were also observed in the amygdala after both trials. There was no change in the turnover of these monoamines in any structure studied. It is suggested that aversive stimuli inherent to the EPM cause primary changes in the neurochemical mechanisms of the amygdala and also influence the activity of monoaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. The observed reduction in monoaminergic transmission in limbic structures after the first stressful experience in the EPM seems to represent adaptive changes and may be associated to the phenomenon of ?one-trial tolerance?.

Two disease regions existed on the Oregon Trail. Asiatic cholera impacted the Platte River flood plain from 1849 to 1852. Dysentery developed two endemic foci due to the decay of buffalo carcasses in eastern and middle Nebraska between 1844 and 1848, but later developed a much larger endemic region west of this Great Plains due to the infection of livestock carcasses by opportunistic bacteria. This study demonstrates that whereas Asiatic cholera diffusion along the Trail was defined primarily by human population features, topography, and regional climate along the Platte River flood plain, the distribution of opportunistic dysentery along the Trail was defined primarily by human and animal fitness in relation to local topography features. By utilizing a geographic interpretation of disease spread, the Asiatic cholera epidemic caused by Vibrio cholerae could be distinguished from the dysentery epidemic caused by one or more species of Salmonella or Campylobacter. In addition, this study also clarifies an important discrepancy popular to the Oregon Trail history literature. "Mountain fever," a disease typically associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, was demonstrated to be cases of fever induced by the same bacteria responsible for opportunistic dysentery. In addition, several important geographic methods of disease interpretations were used for this study. By relating the epidemiological transition model of disease patterns to the early twentieth century sequent occupance models described in numerous geography journals, a spatially- and temporally-oriented disease model was produced applicable to reviews of disease history, a method of analysis which has important applications to current studies of disease patterns in rapidly changing rural and urban population settings.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate the education of an autistic pupil in the mainstream school according to the principles of applied behavioural analysis. The default method is the Pennsylvania Verbal Behavior Project, which was implemented at a Czech primary school. The thesis presents a theoretical description of this educational method and its particular techniques. Their practical application is illustrated by the research case study report of a pupil, who was observed in my research. In this research case analysis, I have analysed the input skills of the observed pupil and his progress in particular areas and evaluated status not only according to the VB-MAPP diagnostic material. Description of the development of verbal behaviour is the core objective systematically developed by this educational method and it is an integral part of the pupil's active participation in joint learning. The thesis comes with a new perspective on the education of pupils with autism in the framework of common education at primary school. Pupils involved in this type of education can enter the school even though they are not yet adequately equipped with verbal skills and would not benefit from frontal teaching and common learning process. They are integrated into the ordinary class with respect to...

Path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) is a method suitable for quantum liquid simulations at finite temperature. We present in this thesis a study of PIMC dealing with the theory and algorithms related to it, and then two applications of PIMC to current research problems of quantum fluids in the Bolzmann regime. The first part encompasses a study of the different ingredients of a PIMC code: action, sampling and physical property estimators. Particular attention has been paid to Li-Broughton's higher order approximation to the action. Regarding sampling, several collective movement methods have been derived, including the bisection algorithm, that has been thoroughly tested. We also include a study of estimators for different physical properties, such as, the energy (through the thermodynamic and virial estimators), the pair distribution function, the structure factor, and the momentum distribution. In relation to the momentum distribution, we have developed a novel algorithm for its estimation, the trail method. It surmounts some of the problems exposed by previous approaches, such as the open chain method or McMillan's algorithm.The Richardson extrapolation used within PIMC simulations, is another contribution of this thesis. Up until now, this extrapolation has not been used in this context. We present studies of the energy dependence on the number of "beads", along with the betterment provide by the Richardson extrapolation. Inasmuch as our goal is to perform research of quantum liquids at finite temperature, we have produced a library of codes, written from scratch, that implement most of the features theoretically developed. The most elaborated parts of these codes are included in some of the appendixes.The second part shows two different applications of the algorithms coded. We present results of a PIMC calculation of the momentum distribution of Ne and normal 4He at low temperatures. In the range of temperatures analysed, exchanges can be disregarded and both systems are considered Boltzmann quantum liquids. Their quantum character is well reflected in their momentum distributions witch show clear departures from the classical limit. The PIMC momentum distributions which show clear departures from the classical limit. The PIMC momentum distributions are sampled using the trail method. Kinetic energies of both systems, as a function of temperature and at a fixed density, are also reported. Finally, the solid-liquid neon phase transition along the 35 K isotherm has been characterized.While thermodynamic properties of the solid phase are well known the behaviour of some properties, such as the energy or the dessity, during the trasition presen6 some uncertainties For example, experimental data for the place diagram, which determines solid and liquid boundaries, present sizeable differences. The temperature chosen is high enough so that Bose or Fermi statistics corrections are small, although the system is strongly quantum mechanical. The results obtained show a discontinuity in the kinetic energy during the transition.

The outport is in the midst of great change. Twenty years since the moratorium on cod fishing, the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is experiencing rapid economic development in another industrial resource boom. While some outports are growing, others continue to decline. This development is based on wealth gained through exploitation of non-renewable resources, and as such, is not sustainable. Investing a portion of these short-term gains into the development of sustainable alternates will improve opportunities and resources for future generations. Pilot Project proposes that latent outport phenomena may act as supporting structures for sustainable development. The project suggests methods of identifying and expanding sustainable outport phenomena. This analysis can be distilled into five strategic tools for testing, designing and implementing sustainable rural development. 1. Territorial Networks defines a diverse region, increasing individual community capacity and developing resilience by examining existing micro-regional community connections and designing new ones. 2. Community Stewardship encourages a re-organization of local social structures and informal governance initiatives by defining communication pathways and aligning stakeholder interests. 3. Temporal Alignment co-ordinates the events, services and opportunities over time, between communities, by creating flexible infrastructure for supporting temporary and seasonal outport needs. 4. Informal Economies develops new modes of production by blending traditional trade and barter markets with industrial production frameworks, providing economic sustenance in the outport. 5. Place-making constructs new institutions and landmarks with available resources, reorganizing the rural web of social, economic and ecological activity in the region. Newfoundland operates at the extremes. On one hand, rural folk culture has established small-scale, informal community structures; on the other, industrial mega-projects develop according to strict legislation, market pricing, and resource extraction. The proposed strategies find new links between these extremes. Tried and true vernacular development methods are paired with newly emerging technologies and ideas about the future. Rural areas in Newfoundland have historically been used as testing grounds for heavy-handed development ideas, often with severely adverse effects on communities. This project proposes a series of micro developments: the mobilization of existing resources with small capital investment, little risk, and immediate opportunities for implementation. Sustainable rural development is conceived as a practice, an aggregative change from within the community.

The outport is in the midst of great change. Twenty years since the moratorium on cod fishing, the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is experiencing rapid economic development in another industrial resource boom. While some outports are growing, others continue to decline. This development is based on wealth gained through exploitation of non-renewable resources, and as such, is not sustainable. Investing a portion of these short-term gains into the development of sustainable alternates will improve opportunities and resources for future generations. Pilot Project proposes that latent outport phenomena may act as supporting structures for sustainable development. The project suggests methods of identifying and expanding sustainable outport phenomena. This analysis can be distilled into five strategic tools for testing, designing and implementing sustainable rural development. 1. Territorial Networks defines a diverse region, increasing individual community capacity and developing resilience by examining existing micro-regional community connections and designing new ones. 2. Community Stewardship encourages a re-organization of local social structures and informal governance initiatives by defining communication pathways and aligning stakeholder interests. 3. Temporal Alignment co-ordinates the events, services and opportunities over time, between communities, by creating flexible infrastructure for supporting temporary and seasonal outport needs. 4. Informal Economies develops new modes of production by blending traditional trade and barter markets with industrial production frameworks, providing economic sustenance in the outport. 5. Place-making constructs new institutions and landmarks with available resources, reorganizing the rural web of social, economic and ecological activity in the region. Newfoundland operates at the extremes. On one hand, rural folk culture has established small-scale, informal community structures; on the other, industrial mega-projects develop according to strict legislation, market pricing, and resource extraction. The proposed strategies find new links between these extremes. Tried and true vernacular development methods are paired with newly emerging technologies and ideas about the future. Rural areas in Newfoundland have historically been used as testing grounds for heavy-handed development ideas, often with severely adverse effects on communities. This project proposes a series of micro developments: the mobilization of existing resources with small capital investment, little risk, and immediate opportunities for implementation. Sustainable rural development is conceived as a practice, an aggregative change from within the community.