Saab Training Systems (STS) in Huskvarna is manufacturing material for educationalpurposes to armies worldwide. They are now implementing parts of the Lean productionconcept in their organisation.One part of the work with Lean production is to eliminate waste. To be able to identify waste,value stream mapping is a good tool and also what we used in our thesis. To gain a betterefficiency in the production of Personnel Detector Device (PDD) flow was one of our goals.The PDD is a harness used during battle training which registers if the user is being hit by itsenemy.Our work with the thesis started up with a short education in Lean production and in valuestream mapping (VSM). The work proceeded with a VSM of the production flow of the PDD,interviews were made and studies of literature were done to gain greater knowledge of thesubject and solve the task.The VSM resulted in five areas which were followed up out of those six we identified. Theareas were as followed: to examine why the reliability in a test chamber were down at 83percent, look over batch size and setup time, find out whether two workstations that wereusing the same equipment should be separated or not and also look through the existing layoutand create a new.The results from this were that what took down the reliability in the test chamber was isolatedto a few things which were followed through and visualized in a Pareto diagram.Big batch sizes as a result of few start ups of the order which now will be changed in to moredaily start ups with the actual demand in mind. The setup time is a big part of the change inbatch size. Valuable process time is lost as the operators have to collect material which isbeing needed for the assembling of the products. STS is now going to follow up the processand se how to make for changes.The two stations sharing the same equipment is a kind of a problem in the material flow asproducts some times get stacked up here. To solve this problem the only solution is toseparate them into two different work stations. This will affect the layout in the factory andtherefore a layout for the future was created from the results which are presented above andtheory of how to create a layout.Our work at STS resulted in that the areas mentioned above were followed up and is nowbeing implemented in various scale. / Saab Training Systems (STS) i Huskvarna tillverkar utbildningsmaterial åt all världensarméer. De håller nu på att implementera delar av Leankonceptet i sin verksamhet.En del i arbetet med Lean är att eliminera slöserier i produktionen. För att kunna identifieradessa slöserier är värdeflödeskartläggning ett bra verktyg och det är också det verktyget vi haranvänt oss av under detta examensarbete. Målet med arbetet var att finna sätt att effektiviseraproduktionsflödet på avdelning där produktionen av Personnel Detector Device (PDD) utförs.En PDD är en slags väst som används vid militär utbildning som registrerar om användarenhar blivit träffad av fienden.Grunden till arbetet gjordes genom att författarna genomgick en utbildning i Lean productionsamt i värdeflödeskartläggning. Arbetet gick vidare genom att en kartläggning gjordes avvärdeflödet på avdelningen PDD, intervjuer gjordes med arbetande på plats och studier avlitteratur för att på ett bra sätt kunna lösa uppgiften.Värdeflödeskartläggningen resulterade i att författarna gick vidare med fem åtgärdspunkterutav de sex vi identifierade skulle vara bra att åtgärda. Åtgärdspunkterna var följande:undersöka varför tillförlitligheten i en testkammare inte var bättre än 83 procent, se överbatchstorlek och ställtider, undersöka om två av stationerna ska separeras samt se överlayouten och utforma en ny.Vad som framkom i uppföljandet av åtgärdspunkterna var att felkällorna i testkammaren varisolerad till några få detaljer och genom ett paretodiagram av dessa kunde det bestämmasvilken felkälla som skulle angripas först.Batchstorleken är anpassad efter orderstorleken vilket resulterar i stora batchstorlekar,resultatet som framkom var att de skulle minskas och anpassas efter det dagliga behovet ochkapaciteten, i denna punkt var ställtiden en viktig parameter då värdefull monteringstid gicktill spillo genom att material skulle plockas fram för monteringen. Resultatet blev att STS skase över framplockningen av material till monteringen.De två stationerna som delar samma utrustning är lite ett problem i materialflödet och detkonstaterades att det för att lösa det skulle de två stationerna delas på vilket inte är kräver merän en extra dator och arbetsbänk. Det påverkar också hur layouten ser ut och därför gjordesockså en undersökning om hur en framtida layout skulle utformas. Parametrar som nämntstidigare vägdes in med teori om hur en layout ska utformas och ett förslag presenterades.Författarnas arbete resulterade i att de ovan nämnda åtgärdspunkter bearbetas vidare på STSför att införas helt eller delvis.

<p>Saab Training Systems (STS) in Huskvarna is manufacturing material for educationalpurposes to armies worldwide. They are now implementing parts of the Lean productionconcept in their organisation.One part of the work with Lean production is to eliminate waste. To be able to identify waste,value stream mapping is a good tool and also what we used in our thesis. To gain a betterefficiency in the production of Personnel Detector Device (PDD) flow was one of our goals.The PDD is a harness used during battle training which registers if the user is being hit by itsenemy.Our work with the thesis started up with a short education in Lean production and in valuestream mapping (VSM). The work proceeded with a VSM of the production flow of the PDD,interviews were made and studies of literature were done to gain greater knowledge of thesubject and solve the task.The VSM resulted in five areas which were followed up out of those six we identified. Theareas were as followed: to examine why the reliability in a test chamber were down at 83percent, look over batch size and setup time, find out whether two workstations that wereusing the same equipment should be separated or not and also look through the existing layoutand create a new.The results from this were that what took down the reliability in the test chamber was isolatedto a few things which were followed through and visualized in a Pareto diagram.Big batch sizes as a result of few start ups of the order which now will be changed in to moredaily start ups with the actual demand in mind. The setup time is a big part of the change inbatch size. Valuable process time is lost as the operators have to collect material which isbeing needed for the assembling of the products. STS is now going to follow up the processand se how to make for changes.The two stations sharing the same equipment is a kind of a problem in the material flow asproducts some times get stacked up here. To solve this problem the only solution is toseparate them into two different work stations. This will affect the layout in the factory andtherefore a layout for the future was created from the results which are presented above andtheory of how to create a layout.Our work at STS resulted in that the areas mentioned above were followed up and is nowbeing implemented in various scale.</p> / <p>Saab Training Systems (STS) i Huskvarna tillverkar utbildningsmaterial åt all världensarméer. De håller nu på att implementera delar av Leankonceptet i sin verksamhet.En del i arbetet med Lean är att eliminera slöserier i produktionen. För att kunna identifieradessa slöserier är värdeflödeskartläggning ett bra verktyg och det är också det verktyget vi haranvänt oss av under detta examensarbete. Målet med arbetet var att finna sätt att effektiviseraproduktionsflödet på avdelning där produktionen av Personnel Detector Device (PDD) utförs.En PDD är en slags väst som används vid militär utbildning som registrerar om användarenhar blivit träffad av fienden.Grunden till arbetet gjordes genom att författarna genomgick en utbildning i Lean productionsamt i värdeflödeskartläggning. Arbetet gick vidare genom att en kartläggning gjordes avvärdeflödet på avdelningen PDD, intervjuer gjordes med arbetande på plats och studier avlitteratur för att på ett bra sätt kunna lösa uppgiften.Värdeflödeskartläggningen resulterade i att författarna gick vidare med fem åtgärdspunkterutav de sex vi identifierade skulle vara bra att åtgärda. Åtgärdspunkterna var följande:undersöka varför tillförlitligheten i en testkammare inte var bättre än 83 procent, se överbatchstorlek och ställtider, undersöka om två av stationerna ska separeras samt se överlayouten och utforma en ny.Vad som framkom i uppföljandet av åtgärdspunkterna var att felkällorna i testkammaren varisolerad till några få detaljer och genom ett paretodiagram av dessa kunde det bestämmasvilken felkälla som skulle angripas först.Batchstorleken är anpassad efter orderstorleken vilket resulterar i stora batchstorlekar,resultatet som framkom var att de skulle minskas och anpassas efter det dagliga behovet ochkapaciteten, i denna punkt var ställtiden en viktig parameter då värdefull monteringstid gicktill spillo genom att material skulle plockas fram för monteringen. Resultatet blev att STS skase över framplockningen av material till monteringen.De två stationerna som delar samma utrustning är lite ett problem i materialflödet och detkonstaterades att det för att lösa det skulle de två stationerna delas på vilket inte är kräver merän en extra dator och arbetsbänk. Det påverkar också hur layouten ser ut och därför gjordesockså en undersökning om hur en framtida layout skulle utformas. Parametrar som nämntstidigare vägdes in med teori om hur en layout ska utformas och ett förslag presenterades.Författarnas arbete resulterade i att de ovan nämnda åtgärdspunkter bearbetas vidare på STSför att införas helt eller delvis.</p>

I takt med att datorindustrin lyckas simulera både verklighetstrogna grafikvärldar och fysika-liska modeller i realtid ställs allt större krav på ljudupplevelsen. Gizmo3D är ett verktyg för att visualisera grafik som kan integreras i VR-applikationer. Att återskapa tredimensionell datorgrafik är vardagsmat, inte minst i en gigantisk spelindustri. Men vad är tredimensionellt ljud, 3D-ljud och hur kan man involveradet i Gizmo3D som inte har stöd för det? Rapporten försöker svara på den frågan men även belysa 3D-ljudforskningens hela be-greppsvärld, då den utgör grund för att kunna implementera ett 3D- ljudsystem. Arbetet innebär främst studier av befintliga verktyg och teknologier. Dessa mynnar ut i rekommen-dationer och egna förslag till lösningar, på viss problematik, för implementering i ett scen-grafdrivet grafiksystem, som Gizmo3D utgör.

The intent of this thesis is to study a variety of vocal techniques and identify how to solve different vocal challenges in the musical theatre song, "The Girl in 14G." In order to be successful in the entertainment business, it is imperative that a singer performs healthily and in a variety of music styles. Through an exploration of Lessac Kinesensic Training, Estill Voice Training Systems and Bel Canto techniques, a singer can gain a holistic perspective about voice. I will study with three voice teachers, each of whom specializes in one of the aforementioned techniques. This thesis will reveal how each voice teacher brought her expertise to the lesson. It is a singer’s responsibility to ensure she is well rounded and knowledgeable about her voice, and the different approaches to teaching voice. Solutions that reflect different techniques will be analyzed. Observations and discoveries made in private voice lessons will also be described. Documentation of lessons with each teacher will provide insight about the distinctions and similarities in vocal techniques. This thesis is intended to serve as a starting point for students and teachers to satisfy their own vocal curiosity and exploration.

A videira \'Niágara Rosada\' é a principal cultivar de mesa produzida no estado de São Paulo. A videira por ser uma planta sarmentosa e de hábito trepador, necessita de um sistema de suporte para conduzir o crescimento dos ramos, permitir uma boa penetração de luz no dossel e atingir o equilíbrio entre a área foliar e fruto. No estado de São Paulo, os sistemas de condução mais utilizados são a latada, a espaldeira e o \'Y\'. O uso de diferentes sistemas de condução sugere uma resposta diferenciada das plantas em função da disposição das folhas e o microclima que se forma em torno do dossel, o qual muda a capacidade fotossintética e consequentemente o seu crescimento, produção e qualidade dos cachos. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar as variáveis fisiológicas e produtivas da videira \'Niágara Rosada\' com diferentes idades e em três sistemas de condução: espaldeira, latada e \'Y\'. Desta forma, foram realizados dois experimentos nos ciclos produtivos de 2014 e 2015, no município de Piracicaba - SP. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas videiras conduzidas nos sistemas em espaldeira e em \'Y\', no primeiro e segundo ano de produção. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas videiras conduzidas nos sistemas em latada e em espaldeira, no sétimo e oitavo ano de produção. Nos dois experimentos, a duração do ciclo em dias e graus-dia não foi afetada pelos sistemas de condução. Entre os sistemas de condução em espaldeira e em \'Y\' não há diferenças nas relações entre a área de superfície foliar e a produção, porém, a produtividade é superior no sistema em espaldeira em função do maior número de plantas por hectare. No experimento com os sistemas de condução em latada e em espaldeira, a latada apresenta melhores relações entre a área de superfície foliar e a produção. No sistema em espaldeira, as videiras produzem frutos de melhor qualidade, com maior concentração de sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e flavonóis. / The \'Niagara Rosada\' vine is the main cultivar of table grapes produced in São Paulo state. As a climbing plant, the vine needs a support system for growth that best allow light interception through the canopy in order to reach a balance between leaf area and fruit production. In Sao Paulo state, the most commonly training systems used are pergola, vertically shoot-positioned (VSP) and \'Y\' shaped training system. The use of different training systems suggests a different response of the plant due to the arrangement of leafs and the microclimate around the canopy, which changes the photosynthetic capacity and consequently their growth, yield and quality of grapes. The aim of this study was to characterize the physiological and productive variables of \'Niagara Rosada\' vine with different ages and three training systems: pergola, VSP and \'Y\' shaped training system. Thus, two experiments were performed during 2014 and 2015 seasons, in Piracicaba - SP. In the first experiment vines on VSP and \'Y\' shaped training system were evaluated in their first and second year of production. The second experiment evaluated vines conducted in pergola systems and VSP, in the seventh and eighth year of production. In both experiments, total of days and degree-days to complete the production cycle was not affected by training systems. Among VSP and \'Y\' shaped systems, there is no difference in leaf surface area and production ratio, however, yield is higher in VSP due to the higher number of plants per hectare. The seven-year-old plants in pergola system have a more efficient ratio between leaf surface area and production. In the VSP, vines produce fruit with better quality as it have the highest soluble solids, anthocyanins and flavonols contents.

A videira \'Niágara Rosada\' é a principal cultivar de mesa produzida no estado de São Paulo. A videira por ser uma planta sarmentosa e de hábito trepador, necessita de um sistema de suporte para conduzir o crescimento dos ramos, permitir uma boa penetração de luz no dossel e atingir o equilíbrio entre a área foliar e fruto. No estado de São Paulo, os sistemas de condução mais utilizados são a latada, a espaldeira e o \'Y\'. O uso de diferentes sistemas de condução sugere uma resposta diferenciada das plantas em função da disposição das folhas e o microclima que se forma em torno do dossel, o qual muda a capacidade fotossintética e consequentemente o seu crescimento, produção e qualidade dos cachos. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar as variáveis fisiológicas e produtivas da videira \'Niágara Rosada\' com diferentes idades e em três sistemas de condução: espaldeira, latada e \'Y\'. Desta forma, foram realizados dois experimentos nos ciclos produtivos de 2014 e 2015, no município de Piracicaba - SP. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas videiras conduzidas nos sistemas em espaldeira e em \'Y\', no primeiro e segundo ano de produção. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas videiras conduzidas nos sistemas em latada e em espaldeira, no sétimo e oitavo ano de produção. Nos dois experimentos, a duração do ciclo em dias e graus-dia não foi afetada pelos sistemas de condução. Entre os sistemas de condução em espaldeira e em \'Y\' não há diferenças nas relações entre a área de superfície foliar e a produção, porém, a produtividade é superior no sistema em espaldeira em função do maior número de plantas por hectare. No experimento com os sistemas de condução em latada e em espaldeira, a latada apresenta melhores relações entre a área de superfície foliar e a produção. No sistema em espaldeira, as videiras produzem frutos de melhor qualidade, com maior concentração de sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e flavonóis. / The \'Niagara Rosada\' vine is the main cultivar of table grapes produced in São Paulo state. As a climbing plant, the vine needs a support system for growth that best allow light interception through the canopy in order to reach a balance between leaf area and fruit production. In Sao Paulo state, the most commonly training systems used are pergola, vertically shoot-positioned (VSP) and \'Y\' shaped training system. The use of different training systems suggests a different response of the plant due to the arrangement of leafs and the microclimate around the canopy, which changes the photosynthetic capacity and consequently their growth, yield and quality of grapes. The aim of this study was to characterize the physiological and productive variables of \'Niagara Rosada\' vine with different ages and three training systems: pergola, VSP and \'Y\' shaped training system. Thus, two experiments were performed during 2014 and 2015 seasons, in Piracicaba - SP. In the first experiment vines on VSP and \'Y\' shaped training system were evaluated in their first and second year of production. The second experiment evaluated vines conducted in pergola systems and VSP, in the seventh and eighth year of production. In both experiments, total of days and degree-days to complete the production cycle was not affected by training systems. Among VSP and \'Y\' shaped systems, there is no difference in leaf surface area and production ratio, however, yield is higher in VSP due to the higher number of plants per hectare. The seven-year-old plants in pergola system have a more efficient ratio between leaf surface area and production. In the VSP, vines produce fruit with better quality as it have the highest soluble solids, anthocyanins and flavonols contents.

The study centres on the development of a didactically justified design model of a competency based modular training system for the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. The design model is represented in a diagram form identifying the components of the design model in relation to their systems function. The components of the design model are; training needs analysis, aims and objectives of training, the learner initial situation, the code of practice for training within industry, the pre-interactive training phase, the interactive training phase and training outcomes. Checklists are developed for using the design model as well as some practical examples of the implementation of the design model in creating a training system which features sound andragogic didactic principles and practices. The use of the design model enables the development of a practical competency based modular training system which meets the unique requirements of the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

The study centres on the development of a didactically justified design model of a competency based modular training system for the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. The design model is represented in a diagram form identifying the components of the design model in relation to their systems function. The components of the design model are; training needs analysis, aims and objectives of training, the learner initial situation, the code of practice for training within industry, the pre-interactive training phase, the interactive training phase and training outcomes. Checklists are developed for using the design model as well as some practical examples of the implementation of the design model in creating a training system which features sound andragogic didactic principles and practices. The use of the design model enables the development of a practical competency based modular training system which meets the unique requirements of the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

The AEGIS Cruiser Air-Defense Simulation is a program that models the operations of a Combat Information Center (CIC) team performing the ADC duties in a battle group using Multi-Agent System (MAS) technology implemented in the Java programming language. Set in the Arabian Gulf region, the simulation is a top-view, dynamic, graphics-driven software implementation that provides a picture of the CIC team grappling with a challenging, complex problem. Conceived primarily as a system to assist ships, waterfront training teams, and battle group staffs in ADC training and doctrine formulation, the simulation was designed to gain insight and understanding into the numerous factors (skills, experience, fatigue, aircraft numbers, weather, etc.) that influence the performance of the overall CIC team and watchstanders. The program explores the team's performance under abnormal or high intensity/stress situations by simulating their mental processes, decision-making aspects, communications patterns, and cognitive attributes. Everything in the scenario is logged, which allows for the reconstruction of interesting events (i.e. watchstander mistakes, chain-of-error analysis) for use in post-scenario training as well as the creation of new, more focused themes for actual CIC team scenarios. The simulation also tracks various watchstander and CIC team performance metrics for review by the user. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

本研究旨在探究英國校長專業資格檢定制度在我國國中小學校長培育制度的建構，以及探討校長專業培育課程與校長專業能力指標間的關係。本研究方法為文獻分析、問卷調查及後置訪談法，問卷調查樣本為台北縣、台北市、基隆市與宜蘭縣四縣市之學校行政人員，含校長、主任、組長等共800人，樣本回收524份，回收率達65.5%。訪談樣本為辦理國家級中小學校長職前培訓工作的教育行政人員，包含國民中學與國民小學部分共兩名。研究工具包含自編之「我國國中小學校長培育制度調查問卷」、採用之「校長專業培育課程問卷」、採用之「校長專業能力指標問卷」與自編之「我國國中小學校長培育制度訪談大綱」。本研究統計方法為描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、t考驗、皮爾森積差相關分析、結構方程模式（SEM）分析等方法分析。本章乃根據研究結果與分析，歸納獲致成主要結論如下： 壹、英國校長專業資格檢定制度之內涵與現況 一、 校長培育課程係根據校長國家標準； 二、 校長培育由國家籌設之專責機構辦理； 三、 校長培育制度為長時間的實務訓練以及彈性分散式的時間規劃； 四、 校長培育課程應重視個別差異，依照學員的需求評估提供合適培育路徑與學習課程模組； 五、 校長認證課程採成人式學習原理及資訊與通訊科技(ICT)應用； 六、 校長培育制度經費採行個人支付而國家補助的方式； 七、 校長培育制度應重視實務實習並落實於學校改善之中； 八、 校長培育制度重視師傅教導的教學方式； 九、 校長培育制度可進一步採行校長專業資格檢定認證模式； 貳、我國國中小學校長培育制度之建構 一、 校長培育制度規劃可採本研究建構之三向度模式規劃； 二、 校長培育機構之設立應由國家設立專責機構統籌辦理； 三、 校長培育時程規劃應為半年至一年，並採行分段辦理； 四、 進入校長培育課程前進行學員需求評估據以規劃課程； 五、 培育課程講座以兼具理論與實務經驗的大學教授為先； 六、 學員學習成效由原培育單位與專責評鑑中心共同評鑑； 七、 培育過程中的經費可由學員自行支付且國家予以補助； 八、 校長實務實習時程規劃可於中期開始並採分散式規劃； 九、 校長實務實習學校應在不同類型學校實習並落實實做； 十、 師傅學員的配對可為多對一的形式學習更豐富的經驗； 十一、師傅校長的甄選來源多元化並建立審查機制遴選良師； 十二、師傅校長與培訓課程應同時開始且每週皆有師傅校長； 參、校長專業課程與校長專業能力 一、學校行政人員對於校長專業培育課程之知覺為相當重要程度。 二、校長專業培育課程以教學領導課程得分最高。 三、學校行政人員對於校長專業能力指標之知覺為相當重要程度。 四、學校行政人員對於校長專業能力指標之知覺，以「行政管理」最為重要。 五、整體校長專業培育課程對於整體校長專業能力指標具有顯著的影響力。 最後，本研究依研究結果分別提出以下建議： 壹、英國校長專業資格定制度值得作為我國校長培育制度規劃之借鏡與參考。 貳、校長培育制度之規劃應先訂立校長國家標準。 參、我國校長培育可採本研究建構之校長培育三向度模式。 肆、校長培育制度中需要更多的校長積極地投入與參與。 伍、對未來進一步研究的建議。 關鍵字：英國校長專業資格檢定制度（NPQH）、校長培育制度、校長儲訓制度、校長專業培育制度、校長實務實習制度、師傅校長校長制度、校長專業培育課程、校長專業能力指標 / Abstract The main purpose of this study was to construct the elementary and secondary school principal preparation systems in Taiwan by (1) Analyzing the documents and literature of the NPQH in England; (2) Investigating the opinions of different members on the ideal elementary and secondary school principal preparation systems in Taiwan; (3) Analyzing the relationships between principal professional preparation curriculum and principal professional competency standards; (4) Explore the influential power of principal professional preparation curriculum on the part of principal professional competency standards. The method of this study was adopted literature review, questionnaires investigation and interviews. There were 800 questionnaire total issued and 524 effective samples were acquired. The sample included school principals and main administrators. There were 2 interview samples who were the core educational administrators conducting the work of he elementary and secondary school principal preparation. The instrument were ”Questionnaire for constructing the principal preparation systems of elementary and secondary school in Taiwan” and “Interview conspectus for constructing the principal preparation systems of elementary and secondary school in Taiwan.” The data gathered from questionnaires were analyzed by description statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson-moment correlation analysis, Scheff’e posteriori comparison, and SEM through the use of LISREL 8.71. The conclusion drawn from the study results were as follows: 1. The constructing systems for the elementary and secondary school principal preparation in Taiwan are “three dimension model.” 2. The institution of the elementary and secondary school principal preparation is the one of national level. 3. The time of the elementary and secondary school principal preparation is half to one year, and is a distributed formation. 4. The need assessment for students of the elementary and secondary school principal preparation was conducted before accepting the preparation curriculum. 5. The fist order teacher of principal preparation curriculum was the professor who was experienced in practice and theoretical in colleges. 6. The learning and performance assessment to students was conducted by original preparation center and other professional assessment center. 7. The pay of principal preparation was paid by students’ himself /herself and national government. 8. The practical internship was conducted form the middle of the principal preparation, and was conducted by a distributed formation. 9. The ideal internship school of the principal preparation was multiple-type. 10. The best pair of mentor and trainne was several to one 11. The resources of mentors were multiple and accepted selecting. 12. The mentor participated in the principal preparation, and directed the principals weekly. In the last part, the researcher, based on the findings, proposes some suggestions for the design unit of principal preparation system, hoping to benefit the development of construction of the elementary and secondary school principal preparation systems in future. Key words: National Professional Qualification for Headship, NPQH, principal preparation systems, principal professional preparation curriculum, principal professional competency standards