This study investigated the possible differential effects of a series of soluble discrimination problems on internal versus external locus of control subjects. It was hypothesized that externals exposed to a series of discrimination problems would perform better on a test task than external controls, while internals exposed to the same problems would not perform better on the test task relative to their controls. As anticipated, the internals were not affected by the discrimination problems. However, contrary to expectations, the externals were not facilitated by exposure to the soluble problems. Since many external subjects failed to solve all of the soluble problems, a facilitative effect may depend upon the problems being solved.

Ações educacionais a distância têm sido utilizadas frequentemente por instituições públicas visando a garantir uma aprendizagem contínua de diferentes servidores. Nesta situação incluem-se os profissionais da saúde pública, uma vez que o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil exige práticas profissionais que envolvem novos conhecimentos e procedimentos. A presente tese se divide em dois estudos. O objetivo do Estudo 1 consiste em analisar a influência de variáveis relacionadas às características da clientela (dados pessoais, dados profissionais e bem-estar no trabalho) e à reação ao curso (reação aos procedimentos instrucionais e reação ao desempenho do tutor) no processo de aprendizagem. O objetivo do Estudo 2 consiste em construir instrumentos de medida de Transferência de treinamento que mediram a frequência com que os participantes aplicaram conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA) no trabalho após o termino dos cursos. As ações educacionais avaliadas consistem em cursos de especialização ofertados a distância, via internet, para profissionais de saúde pública por duas Universidades Federais do Estado de Minas Gerais: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionários via e-mail e através de links inseridos no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) dos cursos, sendo respeitados os aspectos éticos envolvidos. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de medida questionários que investigaram dados pessoais, dados profissionais, bem como Escala de Bem-estar no trabalho, Escala de Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais, Escala de Reação ao desempenho do tutor e questionários de avaliação de Transferência de treinamento que foram construídos para serem utilizados neste estudo. A aprendizagem foi avaliada a partir das notas obtidas pelos alunos em atividades avaliativas (AV). Os procedimentos de análises dos dados envolveram análises descritivas, análises fatoriais exploratórias das estruturas empíricas dos instrumentos, análises das diferenças entre os grupos dos diferentes cursos-alvo e análises de regressão múltipla padrão para testar o conjunto de relações entre os construtos do modelo de investigação proposto. As análises fatoriais exploratórias mostraram que os instrumentos de avaliação de Reações e do Bem-estar no trabalho utilizados apresentam elevada consistência interna. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que a reação aos procedimentos instrucionais e a área de atuação profissional da amostra predizem significativamente a aprendizagem dos participantes do curso-alvo da UFMG. No grupo do curso-alvo da UFJF, não foi possível realizar a análise de regressão múltipla para testar o modelo em função do número insuficiente de respondentes. Como exposto anteriormente, foram construídos dois questionários específicos para a avaliação da transferência de treinamento, a partir da análise do material didático dos cursos e da validação semântica e por juízes. Os questionários mostraram-se válidos a partir das análises realizadas, devendo passar por estudos de evidências de validade estatística em estudos futuros. A partir do presente estudo, surgem implicações práticas que podem ser repassadas para instituições de ensino que oferecem cursos de pós-graduação a distância no campo da saúde. A relevância deste trabalho ficou evidente já que agregou novos conhecimentos para a área de avaliação de treinamento a distância em saúde pública. / Educational actions offered at a distance have been often used by public institutions to assure a continuous learning of different civil servants. This scenario includes public health professionals, since the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil requires operational practices that involve new knowledge and procedures. This thesis is divided into two studies. Study 1 aims to analyze the influence of variables related to the characteristics of the clientele (personal data, professional data and well-being at work) and to the reaction to the course (reaction to instructional procedures and reaction to the tutor\'s performance) in the learning process. Study 2 aims to construct Transfer of training measurement instruments that evaluated the frequency with which participants applied knowledge, skills and attitudes in the workplace after the training course ends. The evaluated educational actions consist of specialization courses offered by distance, via Internet, to public health professionals from two Federal Universities of the State of Minas Gerais: Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). The data collection was carried out through the application of questionnaires via e-mail and through links inserted in the virtual learning environment of the courses, respecting the ethical aspects involved. Measurement questionnaires were used as instruments that investigated personal data, professional data, as well as Scale of Well-being at work, Reaction Scale to instructional procedures, Reaction Scale to the performance of the tutor and Transfer of training evaluation questionnaires that were constructed to be used in this study. The learning was evaluated from the grades obtained by the students in evaluation activities. Data analysis procedures involved descriptive analyzes, exploratory factor analyzes of the empirical structures of the instruments, analyzes of the differences between the groups in different target courses and standard multiple regression analyzes to test the set of relationships between the constructs of the proposed research model. The exploratory factor analyzes showed that the instruments of evaluation of Reactions and Well-being at work have a high internal consistency. In addition, the results showed that the reaction to instructional procedures and the area of professional performance significantly predict learning in the sample of the target course of the UFMG. In the UFJF target course group, it was not possible to perform the multiple regression analysis to test the model because of the insufficient number of respondents. As previously discussed, two specific questionnaires were constructed to evaluate the transfer of training based on the analysis of course material and semantic validation and by judges. The questionnaires were valid from the analyzes carried out, and should be based on studies of evidence of statistical validity in future studies .The present study presents practical implications that can be passed on to educational institutions by offering distance post graduation courses in the health field. The relevance of this work was evident since it added new knowledge to the area of evaluation of distance training in public health.

There were two aims of the study. First one was to validate a truck simulator designed to train truck drivers on economic fuel consumption. Second one was to develop a simulator validation model for instructional simulators. This aim merged as a result of literature review since there is a controversy on the categorization and application of validation approaches. To accomplish two aims, the simulator validation approaches were categorized according to their descriptions in the literature, namely, &ldquo / Behavioral&rdquo / , &ldquo / Face&rdquo / and &ldquo / Instructional&rdquo / validation and combined in the current study. Blending Mixed Methods Research Design and Designed Case Formative Research Design were employed together in order collect data. To validate the simulator and investigate the main characteristics of instructional validation process, 110 truck drivers from a logistics and transportation company participated to the economic fuel consumption training. The data were collected in two parts as during the training and 5 months after the training. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used to collect data. To analyze the qualitative data, open coding analysis method were employed and quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS statistics software. According to the study results, although the Truck Simulator did not represent the real model in 100% percent or had some usability problems, it was valid in overall since it did what it was supposed to do during the training. Also, the results of the study showed that the validation determination should have been done according to the instructional goals / not the reality or usability of it.

Diss. Umeå : Univ., 2003.

nÃo hà / O presente estudo investiga a avaliaÃÃo de impacto das aÃÃes de capacitaÃÃo do Programa de Ouvidores do Estado do CearÃ, e como à influenciado pelas caracterÃsticas do suporte organizacional, transferÃncia de treinamento e suporte da aprendizagem contÃnua, segundo os modelos MAIS e IMPACT. Portanto, tem-se a seguinte questÃo de pesquisa: Quais os impactos do Programa de FormaÃÃo de Ouvidores para a melhoria da qualidade dos serviÃos de GestÃo PÃblica do Estado do CearÃ? Sendo assim, o objetivo geral do estudo à avaliar os impactos do curso de FormaÃÃo de Ouvidores Egressos realizados na EGP-CE no perÃodo de 2011 a 2013. O desenvolvimento desse estudo foi exposto à luz da proposiÃÃo de Bruyne et. al. (1977), cuja proposiÃÃo epistÃmica Quadripolar (epistemolÃgico, teÃrico, morfolÃgico e tÃcnico) estabelece uma via metodolÃgica proposto por Popper (2007). Os dados quantitativos foram colhidos atravÃs de questionÃrios, desde as aÃÃes instrucionais ocorridas entre os anos de 2011 e 2013 colhidos de 72 ouvidores participantes da administraÃÃo direta do Estado do CearÃ. Os dados qualitativos foram aplicados a 9 instrutores e 11 gestores por entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram tratados atravÃs da anÃlise fatorial e equaÃÃes estruturais que apresentaram bons Ãndices de confiabilidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que Suporte Organizacional e à TransferÃncia sÃo importantes preditores de impacto, evidenciados por variÃveis relacionadas ao apoio gerencial, melhoria na rotina de trabalho, autonomia e melhoria de indicadores, gerando impactos para a satisfaÃÃo do usuÃrio. / The present study looks into the evaluation impact of training in the Programme of Ombudsman of State of Cearà and how is influenced by organizational support, transfer of training and support of continuous learning according to MAIS (Modelo de AvaliaÃÃo Integrado e Somativo) and IMPACT (Modelo Integrado de AvaliaÃÃo do Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho) models. The research was therefore designed by the following question: What is the impact of Training of Ombudsman Programme improving the best quality standards on the public service in the State of CearÃ. For that reason, the overall purpose of the study was to evaluate the impacts on the Programme of Ombudsman be trained recently took place in the Escola de GestÃo PÃblica in the State of Cearà during 2011, 2012 and 2013. The development of this study was done with the proposal of Bruyne et. al. (1977), whose epistemic proposition based on four poles (epistemological, theorical, technical and morphological) provides an appropriate way proposed by Popper(2007). Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires according to instructional action takes place with 72 ombudsman belonged to Cearà State Government. Qualitative data was applied to nine(9) instructors and eleven (11) public managers by semi-structured interview. Data was statiscally analyzed using: Factor analyses and Structural Equation Modeling as result highest level of stability. The result showed the organizational and Transfer Support as important predictors of impact, that were confirmed by dependent variables as management support, improvement to the present work practices, autonomy and indicator improvement for optimum results and satisfaction of the users of public service.

Ações educacionais a distância têm sido utilizadas frequentemente por instituições públicas visando a garantir uma aprendizagem contínua de diferentes servidores. Nesta situação incluem-se os profissionais da saúde pública, uma vez que o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil exige práticas profissionais que envolvem novos conhecimentos e procedimentos. A presente tese se divide em dois estudos. O objetivo do Estudo 1 consiste em analisar a influência de variáveis relacionadas às características da clientela (dados pessoais, dados profissionais e bem-estar no trabalho) e à reação ao curso (reação aos procedimentos instrucionais e reação ao desempenho do tutor) no processo de aprendizagem. O objetivo do Estudo 2 consiste em construir instrumentos de medida de Transferência de treinamento que mediram a frequência com que os participantes aplicaram conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA) no trabalho após o termino dos cursos. As ações educacionais avaliadas consistem em cursos de especialização ofertados a distância, via internet, para profissionais de saúde pública por duas Universidades Federais do Estado de Minas Gerais: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionários via e-mail e através de links inseridos no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) dos cursos, sendo respeitados os aspectos éticos envolvidos. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de medida questionários que investigaram dados pessoais, dados profissionais, bem como Escala de Bem-estar no trabalho, Escala de Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais, Escala de Reação ao desempenho do tutor e questionários de avaliação de Transferência de treinamento que foram construídos para serem utilizados neste estudo. A aprendizagem foi avaliada a partir das notas obtidas pelos alunos em atividades avaliativas (AV). Os procedimentos de análises dos dados envolveram análises descritivas, análises fatoriais exploratórias das estruturas empíricas dos instrumentos, análises das diferenças entre os grupos dos diferentes cursos-alvo e análises de regressão múltipla padrão para testar o conjunto de relações entre os construtos do modelo de investigação proposto. As análises fatoriais exploratórias mostraram que os instrumentos de avaliação de Reações e do Bem-estar no trabalho utilizados apresentam elevada consistência interna. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que a reação aos procedimentos instrucionais e a área de atuação profissional da amostra predizem significativamente a aprendizagem dos participantes do curso-alvo da UFMG. No grupo do curso-alvo da UFJF, não foi possível realizar a análise de regressão múltipla para testar o modelo em função do número insuficiente de respondentes. Como exposto anteriormente, foram construídos dois questionários específicos para a avaliação da transferência de treinamento, a partir da análise do material didático dos cursos e da validação semântica e por juízes. Os questionários mostraram-se válidos a partir das análises realizadas, devendo passar por estudos de evidências de validade estatística em estudos futuros. A partir do presente estudo, surgem implicações práticas que podem ser repassadas para instituições de ensino que oferecem cursos de pós-graduação a distância no campo da saúde. A relevância deste trabalho ficou evidente já que agregou novos conhecimentos para a área de avaliação de treinamento a distância em saúde pública. / Educational actions offered at a distance have been often used by public institutions to assure a continuous learning of different civil servants. This scenario includes public health professionals, since the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil requires operational practices that involve new knowledge and procedures. This thesis is divided into two studies. Study 1 aims to analyze the influence of variables related to the characteristics of the clientele (personal data, professional data and well-being at work) and to the reaction to the course (reaction to instructional procedures and reaction to the tutor\'s performance) in the learning process. Study 2 aims to construct Transfer of training measurement instruments that evaluated the frequency with which participants applied knowledge, skills and attitudes in the workplace after the training course ends. The evaluated educational actions consist of specialization courses offered by distance, via Internet, to public health professionals from two Federal Universities of the State of Minas Gerais: Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). The data collection was carried out through the application of questionnaires via e-mail and through links inserted in the virtual learning environment of the courses, respecting the ethical aspects involved. Measurement questionnaires were used as instruments that investigated personal data, professional data, as well as Scale of Well-being at work, Reaction Scale to instructional procedures, Reaction Scale to the performance of the tutor and Transfer of training evaluation questionnaires that were constructed to be used in this study. The learning was evaluated from the grades obtained by the students in evaluation activities. Data analysis procedures involved descriptive analyzes, exploratory factor analyzes of the empirical structures of the instruments, analyzes of the differences between the groups in different target courses and standard multiple regression analyzes to test the set of relationships between the constructs of the proposed research model. The exploratory factor analyzes showed that the instruments of evaluation of Reactions and Well-being at work have a high internal consistency. In addition, the results showed that the reaction to instructional procedures and the area of professional performance significantly predict learning in the sample of the target course of the UFMG. In the UFJF target course group, it was not possible to perform the multiple regression analysis to test the model because of the insufficient number of respondents. As previously discussed, two specific questionnaires were constructed to evaluate the transfer of training based on the analysis of course material and semantic validation and by judges. The questionnaires were valid from the analyzes carried out, and should be based on studies of evidence of statistical validity in future studies .The present study presents practical implications that can be passed on to educational institutions by offering distance post graduation courses in the health field. The relevance of this work was evident since it added new knowledge to the area of evaluation of distance training in public health.

M. Ed. (Educational Psychology) / The aim of this study is to investigate some aspects of the validity of the LASSI as a gauge of the learning strategies of first year students, specifically those at the Rand Afrikaans Univeristy. This study consists of two parts. Firstly, a literature survey to provide an educational and psychological framework and to indicate the cohesion between learning strategies and related concepts, as well as to demonstrate the important role of validity pertaining to valid measurement of the learning strategies of a student. Secondly an empirical, statistical and quantitative evaluation was used to depict the content and construct validity as important priorities in the design or the LASSI as a gauge of the learning strategies of the students mentioned.

The assertive training literature has documented the effectiveness of both behavioral and cognitive methods to increase individual's assertiveness. However, the ability for such methods to enhance the generalization of treatment effects to untrained assertive response classes and the natural environment has been poor. In addition, little notice has been paid to the durability of these changes. Although the past several years have witnessed more intensive efforts by investigators to program generalization as part of their interventions, results have continued to be disappointing. A specific generalization-enhancing treatment strategy, self-directed practice, has been utilized with much success in phobic populations. This strategy, and the theoretical orientation it reflects, has been proposed for use in assertive training. The present study sought to examine the effectiveness of this method as compared to the traditional assertive training procedures and investigate the role of self-efficacy expectations in mediating initial behavior change and its subsequent generalization.

Behavioral skills training (BST) is often used to train caregivers to implement various behavior management procedures; however, additional strategies are sometimes required to promote the generalization of skills from a contrived setting to the natural environment. Generalizing skills to the natural environment requires that the caregiver's behavior transfer from control of stimuli in the contrived setting to stimuli in the natural environment, and the skill continues to be performed with high levels of accuracy. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which caregivers generalized the use of social reinforcement, in the form of descriptive praise, from the contrived setting to the natural environment. When caregivers failed to respond to opportunities, a progressive prompt delay was used to bring caregivers' responding under the control of relevant client behavior; feedback was used to improve the accuracy with which caregivers implemented reinforcement. Five caregivers in a large residential facility participated in the study; single-opportunity probes were used to assess caregiver's identification of opportunities and accuracy in implementing reinforcement for two defined client behaviors, compliance and appropriate attention-getting behavior. Results of the study suggest that skills failed to generalize from the contrived setting to the natural environment. However, prompting was effective in training caregivers to identify opportunities to provide reinforcement, and feedback improved implementation of reinforcement.

The research describes how post-training supervisory support enhances training transfer in the private sector. Transfer of training principles were identified, after which the participants were interviewed to determine which transfer of training criteria were used by supervisors to enhance training in the work environment. The study population for this research was comprised of call centre supervisors and call centre agents from a company in the private sector in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The study methodology involved qualitative interviews and document reviews. Themes and sub-themes were identified from the data collected. The findings of the study reflected how post-training supervisory support enhances transfer of training. Recommendations were provided that could have a significant impact on organisations’ approach towards ensuring successful transfer of training to the work environment. Suggestions for further studies were made. The study concludes by suggesting a transfer of learning strategy aimed at enhancing transfer to the work environment that should be implemented by organisations. / Adult Basic Education (ABET) / M. Ed. (Adult Education)