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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Estudo do ruído de rodagem estrutural através da análise dos caminhos de transferência de energia - TPA / Structure-borne road noise study using transfer path analysis, TPA

Silva, César Helou Teodoro da 31 May 2011 (has links)
Os ruídos, vibrações e asperezas de rodagem veicular (do acrônimo em inglês Road NVH), presentes de 20 Hz até 1000 Hz aproximadamente, originam-se das vibrações e propagações acústicas dos pneus ao interagir com as superfícies. Nestas fontes de ruído, ambas as vias de contribuições estruturais e aéreas, são relevantes para o refinamento veicular. Constantes são os esforços para estudar o veículo como um conjunto de caminhos de transferência entre a dinâmica dos pneus até o conforto dos passageiros. Sendo assim, o tratamento dos mecanismos que geram e propagam o ruído e vibração à cabine está avançando, graças aos testes e análises sistemáticas, fundamentadas na teoria de Análises dos Caminhos de Transferências de energia (TPA do inglês transfer path analysis). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de um caso de Road NVH utilizando o TPA em veículo protótipo. Neste tema, é investigado o nível de ruído de rodagem em torno de 180 Hz, semelhante ao efeito de roncar (rumble, na expressão em inglês). Este ruído permanece presente no protótipo, em diversos tipos de pista e velocidades, porém em apenas um modelo de pneu (batizado de modelo \"A\"), entre os diversos testados. Das avaliações subjetivas prévias, defini-se que o foco das investigações são as contribuições estruturais da suspensão dianteira. Usando o TPA para demonstrar os caminhos críticos na formação do rumble, aplicou-se o método da matriz inversa para o calculo das forcas, considerando os seguintes pontos: buchas do braço de controle do A-Arm e de ligação da carroceria com a parte superior da suspensão dianteira (fig. 4.6 - tipo Mc Pherson). Foram obtidas experimentalmente as vibrações dos lados ativos e passivos destes pontos, nas condições de rolagem e as funções de resposta vibracionais e acústica do ponto, no laboratório. Após a correlação do ruído interno calculado com o medido, concluiu-se que o rumble deste caso foi gerado pela baixa eficiência de isolação das vibrações radiais nas buchas anteriores e pela força lateral do pneu \"A\". Por fim, propostas de bucha e pneu são apresentadas em termos das novas forças e respostas acústicas transmitidas, para minimizar o rumble. / The road noise, vibration and harshness (Road NVH) present from 20 Hz to 1000 Hz approximately, begins from the tires vibration and acoustic propagation and their interactions with the road surfaces. In these noise sources, both structural-borne and air-borne noise contributions are relevant to vehicle refinement. The constant efforts to study the vehicle as a set of transfer paths from tires dynamic behavior to passenger comfort to the final passenger comfort perception. Thus the treatment of generation and propagation mechanisms, have being forward thanks to the systematic tests and proceedings based on the transfer path analysis theory (TPA). The purpose of this work is to present a case study of Road NVH, using TPA in prototype vehicle. On this theme, it is investigated a higher noise level around 180 Hz, on the rumble narrow band. This noise remains in the prototype during several types of tracks and speeds conditions, whenever only a tire model, named as sample A, is used, despites all tires tested. From the previous subjective evaluation, the focus of the investigation is defined to be structure-borne of the front suspension. Using TPA to demonstrate the critical paths to rumble, it was applied the matrix inversion method to force calculation, considering the follow points: A-Arm type lower control arm bushings and top mounts of front suspension (picture 4.6 - Mc Pherson type). The vibration in the active and passive side of these points during test conditions and the FRFs driving points and body sensitivity for a target microphone were obtained experimentally. After correlation between internal road noise calculated and the measured, it was concluded the Rumble of this case had been formed by low radial vibration isolation of the front bushings and due lateral forces of tire A. At last, the bushing and tire proposals are presented in terms of new transmitted forces and acoustical responses, to minimize the rumble.
12

Estudo do ruído de rodagem estrutural através da análise dos caminhos de transferência de energia - TPA / Structure-borne road noise study using transfer path analysis, TPA

César Helou Teodoro da Silva 31 May 2011 (has links)
Os ruídos, vibrações e asperezas de rodagem veicular (do acrônimo em inglês Road NVH), presentes de 20 Hz até 1000 Hz aproximadamente, originam-se das vibrações e propagações acústicas dos pneus ao interagir com as superfícies. Nestas fontes de ruído, ambas as vias de contribuições estruturais e aéreas, são relevantes para o refinamento veicular. Constantes são os esforços para estudar o veículo como um conjunto de caminhos de transferência entre a dinâmica dos pneus até o conforto dos passageiros. Sendo assim, o tratamento dos mecanismos que geram e propagam o ruído e vibração à cabine está avançando, graças aos testes e análises sistemáticas, fundamentadas na teoria de Análises dos Caminhos de Transferências de energia (TPA do inglês transfer path analysis). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de um caso de Road NVH utilizando o TPA em veículo protótipo. Neste tema, é investigado o nível de ruído de rodagem em torno de 180 Hz, semelhante ao efeito de roncar (rumble, na expressão em inglês). Este ruído permanece presente no protótipo, em diversos tipos de pista e velocidades, porém em apenas um modelo de pneu (batizado de modelo \"A\"), entre os diversos testados. Das avaliações subjetivas prévias, defini-se que o foco das investigações são as contribuições estruturais da suspensão dianteira. Usando o TPA para demonstrar os caminhos críticos na formação do rumble, aplicou-se o método da matriz inversa para o calculo das forcas, considerando os seguintes pontos: buchas do braço de controle do A-Arm e de ligação da carroceria com a parte superior da suspensão dianteira (fig. 4.6 - tipo Mc Pherson). Foram obtidas experimentalmente as vibrações dos lados ativos e passivos destes pontos, nas condições de rolagem e as funções de resposta vibracionais e acústica do ponto, no laboratório. Após a correlação do ruído interno calculado com o medido, concluiu-se que o rumble deste caso foi gerado pela baixa eficiência de isolação das vibrações radiais nas buchas anteriores e pela força lateral do pneu \"A\". Por fim, propostas de bucha e pneu são apresentadas em termos das novas forças e respostas acústicas transmitidas, para minimizar o rumble. / The road noise, vibration and harshness (Road NVH) present from 20 Hz to 1000 Hz approximately, begins from the tires vibration and acoustic propagation and their interactions with the road surfaces. In these noise sources, both structural-borne and air-borne noise contributions are relevant to vehicle refinement. The constant efforts to study the vehicle as a set of transfer paths from tires dynamic behavior to passenger comfort to the final passenger comfort perception. Thus the treatment of generation and propagation mechanisms, have being forward thanks to the systematic tests and proceedings based on the transfer path analysis theory (TPA). The purpose of this work is to present a case study of Road NVH, using TPA in prototype vehicle. On this theme, it is investigated a higher noise level around 180 Hz, on the rumble narrow band. This noise remains in the prototype during several types of tracks and speeds conditions, whenever only a tire model, named as sample A, is used, despites all tires tested. From the previous subjective evaluation, the focus of the investigation is defined to be structure-borne of the front suspension. Using TPA to demonstrate the critical paths to rumble, it was applied the matrix inversion method to force calculation, considering the follow points: A-Arm type lower control arm bushings and top mounts of front suspension (picture 4.6 - Mc Pherson type). The vibration in the active and passive side of these points during test conditions and the FRFs driving points and body sensitivity for a target microphone were obtained experimentally. After correlation between internal road noise calculated and the measured, it was concluded the Rumble of this case had been formed by low radial vibration isolation of the front bushings and due lateral forces of tire A. At last, the bushing and tire proposals are presented in terms of new transmitted forces and acoustical responses, to minimize the rumble.
13

Beitrag zur Prädiktion von Schalltransferpfaden in Fahrzeuggetrieben

Schmitt, Carsten 23 January 2019 (has links)
Getriebeheulphänomenen wird in der industriellen Praxis zum Teil noch immer ausschließlich mit Hilfe einer optimierten Verzahnungsauslegung zur Minimierung des Drehfehlers begegnet. Bei auffälligen Resonanzerscheinungen werden zudem Strukturoptimierungen am Getriebegehäuse und den Karosserieanbindungspunkten des Antriebsstrangs vorgenommen, ohne auf die internen Systemkomponenten verstärkt einzugehen. Zudem kann bisher die verlässliche Erkenntnis, dass zur Einhaltung akustischer Grenzwerte die Konstruktion nochmals überarbeitet werden muss, erst spät im Entwicklungsprozess während der akustischen Versuchsdurchführung an Prüfständen oder im Fahrzeug getroffen werden. Durch sogenannte Sekundärmaßnahmen, die typischerweise nicht unmittelbar das Anregungsverhalten oder die Dynamik des Antriebsstrangs, sondern den karosserieseitigen Transferpfad betreffen, kann eine Reduktion des Schalldruckpegels im Fahrzeuginnenraum in gewissen Grenzen erzielt werden. Dies ist zumeist weder aus ingenieurstechnischer Sicht noch aus Sicht steigender Entwicklungskosten als optimal zu bezeichnen. Basierend auf einem detaillierten Abgleich zwischen Experiment und Simulation, angefangen auf Einzelteilebene über die Baugruppenebene bis hin zur Methodenentwicklung der Validierung von nichtrotierenden Gesamtsystemen mittels künstlicher Anregung, werden in dieser Arbeit möglichst akkurate Simulationsergebnisse angestrebt, um die Auswirkung von akustischen Optimierungen innerhalb der Simulationsumgebung realitätsnah vorherzusagen. Schließlich wird ein Prozess vorgeschlagen, der eine getriebeinterne Transferpfadanalyse zur Identifikation sensitiver Körperschallpfade vorstellt. Mit dieser Methode wird aufgezeigt, dass es möglich ist, akustische Schwachstellen auf der Antriebsstrangseite vorherzusagen. Dabei kann zum einen akustisches Optimierungspotenzial des Welle-Lager-Systems abgeleitet werden, zum anderen werden auch die aktuellen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verfahren beleuchtet.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Formelzeichen und Abkürzungen 1 Einleitung 2 Stand der Technik 2.1 Getriebeakustik – Einflussgrößen und Begrifflichkeiten 2.1.1 Verzahnungsanregung von unter Last stehenden Zahnrädern 2.1.2 Verzahnungsinduzierte Körper- und Luftschallweiterleitung in Fahrzeugen 2.1.3 Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Körperschallpfaden 2.2 Strukturdynamische Analysemethoden in der Getriebeakustik 2.2.1 Numerische Modalanalyse 2.2.2 Experimentelle Modalanalyse und Betriebsschwingformanalyse 2.2.3 Unkonventionelle Methoden zur Erregung von Bauteilstrukturen 2.2.4 Computerunterstützte Modellanpassung 2.2.5 Transferpfadanalyse 2.3 Getriebesimulation 2.3.1 Getriebetypische Kontaktmodellierung 2.3.2 Finite-Element-Modellierung und Reduktionsverfahren 2.4 Fazit 3 Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise 4 Methoden zur Analyse von Getriebekomponenten 4.1 Verzahnungsanalyse 4.2 Strukturdynamische Untersuchungen an Einzelteilen 4.3 Strukturdynamische Untersuchungen an Baugruppen 4.4 Verhalten von Wälzlagern 4.5 Fazit 5 Methode zur Gesamtsystemvalidierung 5.1 Modellierung des Getriebesystems mit Prüfstandsanbindung 5.2 Getriebeinterne Anregung mittels Zahnaktor 5.2.1 Voruntersuchungen 5.2.2 Implementierung einer torsionalen Anregung in Frontgetrieben 5.2.3 Simulative und experimentelle Untersuchungen 5.3 Fazit 6 Getriebeinterne Transferpfadanalyse 6.1 Identifikation sensibler Körperschalltransferpfade 6.2 Optimierungsansätze 6.3 Fazit 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 8 Literaturverzeichnis / Gear whine phenomena are typically mitigated by optimising gear design to minimise Transmission Error. Additionally, structural optimisations on the gearbox housing and on the gearbox-to-chassis mounts may be conducted most likely without a detailed consideration of internal components‘ dynamics. Moreover, it is not unusual that in the final stages of drivetrain developments when the gearbox is tested on test benches or in vehicles NVH targets are not met. The countermeasures applied often do not alter the source of excitation nor the dynamics of the drivetrain at this stage, but the vehicle transfer paths through the chassis. Thus, sound power level reduction may be exclusively limited to vehicle transfer path improvements. In most cases this is not regarded as an optimal solution neither from an engineering perspective nor from the commercial point of view due to increased development costs. Based on detailed correlation activities where simulation has been run against measurement the work strives to achieve accurate gearbox NVH predictions to forecast more realistically the effect of design optimisations. The correlation approach starts on single component level moving on to sub-assembly level and finally up to the development of a method which is able to artificially excite the entire but non-rotating drivetrain. After various successful correlation studies, a process has been elaborated which proposes a gearbox internal transfer path analysis to identify potentially critical structure-borne noise paths. The method illustrates the capability of successfully predicting weak spots at the active side of a drivetrain early in the development process. Additional room for improvement can be derived when implementing this method by considering the rotating components of a drivetrain such as gear blanks, shafts and bearings.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Formelzeichen und Abkürzungen 1 Einleitung 2 Stand der Technik 2.1 Getriebeakustik – Einflussgrößen und Begrifflichkeiten 2.1.1 Verzahnungsanregung von unter Last stehenden Zahnrädern 2.1.2 Verzahnungsinduzierte Körper- und Luftschallweiterleitung in Fahrzeugen 2.1.3 Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Körperschallpfaden 2.2 Strukturdynamische Analysemethoden in der Getriebeakustik 2.2.1 Numerische Modalanalyse 2.2.2 Experimentelle Modalanalyse und Betriebsschwingformanalyse 2.2.3 Unkonventionelle Methoden zur Erregung von Bauteilstrukturen 2.2.4 Computerunterstützte Modellanpassung 2.2.5 Transferpfadanalyse 2.3 Getriebesimulation 2.3.1 Getriebetypische Kontaktmodellierung 2.3.2 Finite-Element-Modellierung und Reduktionsverfahren 2.4 Fazit 3 Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise 4 Methoden zur Analyse von Getriebekomponenten 4.1 Verzahnungsanalyse 4.2 Strukturdynamische Untersuchungen an Einzelteilen 4.3 Strukturdynamische Untersuchungen an Baugruppen 4.4 Verhalten von Wälzlagern 4.5 Fazit 5 Methode zur Gesamtsystemvalidierung 5.1 Modellierung des Getriebesystems mit Prüfstandsanbindung 5.2 Getriebeinterne Anregung mittels Zahnaktor 5.2.1 Voruntersuchungen 5.2.2 Implementierung einer torsionalen Anregung in Frontgetrieben 5.2.3 Simulative und experimentelle Untersuchungen 5.3 Fazit 6 Getriebeinterne Transferpfadanalyse 6.1 Identifikation sensibler Körperschalltransferpfade 6.2 Optimierungsansätze 6.3 Fazit 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 8 Literaturverzeichnis

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