Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))-- University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Black Economic Empowerment (“BEE”) is an imperative economic tool that the South African government established to achieve its transformational objectives which are meant to grow the economy, decrease inequalities and create more job and business opportunities for the South African majority of the population. The objectives of transformation strategy seek to redress economic imbalances created by the previous apartheid regime. The approach is widely shared by the majority of South Africans. Since its inception, BEE as an implemented policy has created vast opportunities for previously disadvantaged individuals. Some positive spin offs that have been realised in an effort to address economic and social imbalances are discussed in the paper. The paper seeks to demonstrate the progress made in South Africa so far with regard to implementation of BEE initiatives. It further highlights some pitfalls as per the previous experience with BEE and in addition to that, covers some of the developments and benefits to date. Chapter 3 and 4 focuses on funding of BEE investments with reference to specific case studies of some of the landmark BEE deals concluded in the past. The evolution of BEE funding structures is also analysed with specific reference to some lessons learnt from the origins of BEE in South Africa. In chapter 5, BEE in South Africa is compared to transformation policies implemented by another country. Malaysia shares some similarities and challenges in the implementation of transformation policy, hence a comparison is drawn between the two countries. Finally chapter 6 concludes by providing an overview of the findings in analysing BEE strategies with specific reference to funding and the evolution of funding structures in facilitating BEE.

國民住宅社區的興建，原是政府為了解決地狹人稠所造成之環境惡化，以及舒緩都市住宅需求的壓力所採取的社會福利措施，並由政府完全肩負起國民住宅社區管理維護之責任。然而，當政府面臨無法以有限的資源滿足住戶龐大需求的「雙環困境」時，便開始採取國民住宅社區轉型政策，試將國民住宅社區管理維護業務真正回歸社區自管自治。然而，臺北市國民住宅社區轉型政策執行已逾4年，轉型進度均未達到預期目標，本研究從政策執行影響因素的角度，以「政策本身因素」、「執行機關與人員因素」、「標的人口因素」、「環境因素」等四個面向分別切入探討轉型政策執行結果不如預期之原因與困難。 本研究採取的研究方法為質化研究取向的文獻探討法、深度訪談法及參與觀察法，兼採量化研究中問卷調查法之敘述性統計方法，透過27篇訪談大綱、訪談逐字稿及42篇參與觀察紀錄，深入瞭解影響轉型政策執行之因素及執行困難之原因。經研究發現，轉型政策執行不順利的原因： 一、在「政策本身因素」方面，係受到政策本身明確性不足、欠缺法令上之強制性、欠缺國民住宅社區住戶贊成政策的誘因機制、以及相關法令、經費、人力、資訊等資源不完備等影響。 二、在「執行機關與人員因素」方面，係受到執行機關彼此間權責分配不明、執行人員結構性問題、欠缺促使執行人員推動轉型政策適當的誘因機制、執行人員欠缺專業能力以外的訓練等影響。 三、在「標的人口因素」方面，係受到住戶抱持仰賴政府管理的態度、國民住宅社區管理維護基金幾乎用罄或太過龐大、住戶組成分子參差不齊、原國民住宅社區管理委員會未運作或不配合轉型政策執行等影響。 四、在「環境因素」方面，係受到政策執行的監督情況仍有不足、未型塑支持轉型政策之外在環境等影響。 在改進建議方面： 一、對涉及「政策本身因素」問題方面，應將轉型政策的具體內涵、利弊得失、影響等加以統整、加速住宅法通過時程、相關法令不完備或有疑義之處，執行機關應統一解釋、轉型政策的相關資訊可從多個管道提供等。 二、對涉及「執行機關與人員因素」問題方面，應成立轉型政策的溝通平台、保障執行人員成功推動轉型政策之輔導轉業、建立執行人員推動轉型政策適當的誘因機制、加強執行人員專業能力以外的訓練等。 三、對涉及「標的人口因素」問題方面，應強化社區自管自治的重要性、針對不同性質的國民住宅社區，採取不同的宣導作法、加強執行機關、人員與住戶間的溝通、化解國民住宅社區管理委員會與住戶間歧見等。 四、對涉及「環境因素」問題方面，政策執行機關應適時提出協助、加強大眾傳播媒體的宣導等。