Frankfurt (Main), Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

Zugl.: Lüneburg, Univ., Magisterarbeit, 2006

<p>Vi har gjort en studie om hur vi kan förbättra registerkartan med hjälp av mätning med GPS och transformation i området Tobyn i Årjängs kommun. Arbetet innehåller fastighetsbildning förr i tiden och även om hur fastighetsbildning går till i dag. Vidare har vi skrivit om olika mätningsmetoder och fakta om GPS-systemet, exempelvis NRTK, fasmätning, absolutmätning och kort om olika transformationsmetoder. Vi har också skrivit om hur vi gick tillväga när vi först mätte och sedan transformerade. Till detta har vi olika bilagor med jämförelse mellan inmätta och transformerade punkter och kartor som visar hur mycket som skilde mellan transformerade gränser och den befintliga registerkartan. Det finns också en bilaga med flygbild över Tobyn som visar något av hur mätförhållandena är. Vår slutsats är att det gick väldigt smidigt att mäta och transformera och tidsåtgången var inte så stor. Det skilde upp till 75 centimeter mellan transformerad och inmätt punkt på vissa ställen. De största avvikelserna fanns i utkanterna av området Tobyn.</p>

Improving the performance of structural materials definitely leads to their better use for several applications, and consequently to a decrease in the use of natural resources or in the harmful environmental consequences. For example, reducing the weight of cars or planes while improving their structural performances will also bring about a decrease of their fuel consumption and of their level of emitted CO2. The key issue is thus to find and to fabricate better materials for these applications. Our research project deals with the influence of thermal, mechanical and thermomechanical parameters on the thermodynamics, kinetics, crystallography and mechanics of phase transformations occurring in different metallic alloys presenting finely grained multiphase microstructures in order to design new alloys or microstructures exhibiting mechanical properties never reached before. It encompasses the characterisation and the understanding of the relationships between the mechanisms dictating the elastic-plastic properties and the phase transformations and recrystallisation of different engineering metallic materials including steels, iron alloys and titanium alloys in order to improve their structural performances. We focus, on the one hand, on how the microstructure of engineering alloys can be designed and controlled through the combined actions of heat and deformation, and on the other hand, on the discovery and the understanding of how phenomena operating at different scales dictate the macroscopic mechanical behaviour. By controlling the defects structures generated at several levels ranging from 1nm to 100µm in the engineered microstructures, it is possible to attain large improvements of the mechanical properties instead of premature embrittlement.

Partial constraints are often available in visual processing tasks requiring the matching of contours in two images. We propose a non- iterative scheme to determine contour matches using locally affine transformations. The method assumes that contours are approximated by the orthographic projection of planar patches within oriented neighborhoods of varying size. For degenerate cases, a minimal matching solution is chosen closest to the minimal pure translation. Performance on noisy synthetic and natural contour imagery is reported.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1983. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [118]-133.

<p align='justify'>This thesis is devoted to the micromechanical study of the size-dependent strengthening in Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels. Such grades of advanced high-strength steels are compelling for the automotive industry, due to their improved mechanical properties. Among others, they combine a good strength versus ductility balance. In this context, many research works have been carried out to study these grades of steels. In particular, from a numerical point of view, earlier studies within the framework of classical plasticity do not properly reproduce the strengthening levels characterizing TRIP steels and obtained experimentally.</p> <p align='justify'>In this study, the strain gradient plasticity theory presented by Fleck and Hutchinson (2001) is chosen to account for the strengthening effect resulting from the phase transformation. A two-dimensional embedded cell model of a simplified microstructure composed of small cylindrical metastable austenitic inclusions, partially undergoing the phase transformation, within a ferritic matrix is used.</p> <p align='justify'>First, the single-parameter version of the strain gradient plasticity theory under small strain assumption is used for the simulations. The impact of the higher order boundary conditions is assessed. It is shown that, when the plastic flow is unconstrained at the elasto-plastic boundaries, the transformation strain has no significant impact on the overall strengthening. The strengthening is essentially coming from the composite effect with a marked inclusion size effect resulting from the appearance during deformation of new boundaries (at the interface between parent and product phases) constraining the plastic flow.</p> <p align='justify'>Second, the multi-parameter version of the strain gradient plasticity theory, incorporating separately the rotational and extensional gradients in the formulation, is employed under small strain assumption. The effect of the plastic strain gradients resulting from the transformation strain is better captured. In particular, the results show a significant influence of the shear component of the transformation strain. An implicit confinement effect is revealed at the elasto-plastic boundaries which is partly responsible for the transformation strain effect. Size effects on the overall strengthening are also revealed, due to a combined size dependent effect of the transformation strain and of the evolving composite structure.</p><p align='justify'>Third, the extension of the strain gradient plasticity theory to a finite strain description is applied. A significant effect of the transformation strain is obtained with the multi-parameter version of the theory as well as an optimal austenite grain size improving the damage resistance of the martensite, in agreement with the typical grain size of the current TRIP-assisted steels (Jacques et al., 2007).</p>

Is there a theory of transformation? While most scholarship focuses on describing the causes, mechanisms and consequences of social change in the postcommunist area, this article tries to reflect theoretically on system transformation, using the Polish case as an example. The author argues that the social change involved is more a change in social structure, culture and consciousness than a political, economic and technologic process.

The aim of this dissertation is to study the relationship between the management of human resources of nonprofit organizations and the organizational transformations, using ¡¥Institution of Tainan Home of Philanthropy of Taiwan¡¦ as a model. Institution of Tainan Home of Philanthropy belongs to one of the nonprofit social welfare organizations in Taiwan, and its history can be traced back to as early as Qing Dynasty at 23 Kangxi Age (in 1684). In the early years, it certainly played a governmental role as in carrying the burdens and responsibilities to support welfares and help the minorities, and that is how it could gain its renowned title. After several integrations and expansions, it develops into the largest and the most well-developed and fully-established charity in Taiwan, which is truly a classic model representing the nonprofit organization. Because its fame and influential status in the national welfare society, many focuses have been concentrated on whether this organization can maintain its competitiveness and long-lasting operation. This study investigates the management of human resources, the organizational transformation, and the achievement and performance by the nonprofit institutions, and it also discusses if implementation of reorganization can result in an improved performance by the Institution of Tainan Home of Philanthropy so that the institution can keep on existing in the society and continue running to provide unlimited supply of high quality services to the public. The case study method is used as a tool, and extensive literatures are collected as references and resources for later analysis and examination in this study. Moreover, five volunteers are chosen to be interviewed in great detail, and the information gathered from the interview is then subject to SWOT analysis, which is beneficial to the discussion of the research questions. The major conclusions are drawn as following: 1.Extrinsic environmental impacts result in increased level of competitions between nonprofit organizations; therefore, intrinsic environments of these organizations require to have very robust committee boards to function and to strengthen the management of the human resources. Moreover, obsolete facilities need to be replaced in order to elevate competitiveness; as a result, reorganization is necessarily to be conducted. 2.The committee board is the foundation and the key to direct the policy development; consequently, it plays as the most important catalyst to promote transformation of nonprofit organizations. 3.Practicing human resource evaluations, monitoring achievements of the staff, printing out the employee¡¦s manuals for them to be aware of their work contents and duties, and fairly conducting performance reviews of workers annually can help increase productivity and maintain high performance of the workforce. 4.Developing an institutionalized environment, fulfilling legal administrations and conducts, and always following rules from the manuals can greatly eliminate too much of self-consciousness and any legal discrimination. 5.Establishing employee assessment allows the staff to be on the same competition platform and to have the courage to face challenges so that any resistance for organizational transformation can be prevented and a close relationship between human resources and reorganization can be developed.

Every enterprise faces various situations in different environments, which influences how they explain the environment and the strategies that they take. This research focuses on exploring the transformational strategies and puts emphases on discussing whether enterprises can transform by their learning when they used to be in the poor situations, while facing the dynamic environment. In the chance of transformation, the Taiwan¡¦s small and medium enterprises (TSME) lacked resources which can support them to do more. Due to rapidly changing conditions and the increasing pressure from the global competition, TSME are harder to make more a comprehensive decision than other enterprises which have great resources and big scales. However, they might get a chance to make a confidential decision for their adventure and flexibility. The organizational learning not only improves the efficiency but also presents more chances to find out the opportunities and resources to make the enterprises grow rapidly. It is an access to the constant development for enterprises. The absorbing, creating, cumulating and diffusing of knowledge are the ways that every enterprise has to do, but we could see the differences within its method and degrees. These differences would be crucial for these organizational abilities. Furthermore, it would influence the chances they got or affluence the organizational transformation. The research was interested in the relation between organizational learning and organization transformation by analyzing organizational abilities. We divide organizational abilities into four dimensions: strategic competence, organization design, human resource management and leader. The research finds that learning will influence four organizational abilities which we designed, especially the strategic ability and leader, which got a direct and crucial effect on organizational transformations. When corporations place emphasize on organizational learning, they would cause the abilities to influence each other and become better. Then, they would get more chances to transform and make it more efficiently.