A Practical Study on Commanding Behavior and Power Bases of Female Naval Officers¡XSamples taken from female officers serving on warships of the R.O.C. Navy Abstract In recent years, due to the popularity of education and the variation of traditional concepts, employment opportunities are wide open to women. In other words, it has become the main stream to welcome ¡§woman power¡¨ into all walks of life. There is no exception for the Ministry of National Defense (MND). In the past, professional officers were all males. Military academies admitted only male students. A few years ago, the MND, adjusting to the world trend, made major academies open to female students in order to cultivate female officers who would be serving in the military. In 1994, for the first time, the following academies admitted female students: the Military Academy, the Naval Academy, the National Management College and the Chung-cheng College of Science & Engineering. Now, female officers have been an important part of the military personnel. Since modern politics, society and technology have become more and more complicated, how to successfully lead is a branch of art and science. The commanding modes of female military officers have formed a newly-rising research field and need to be studied continuously. The essence of leadership is derived from influence, which means ¡§power¡¨ in the broad sense. This study is based on two theories. One is the theory of transformational leadership and transactional leadership advocated by Bass in 1985. The other is the power bases advocated by French & Raven in 1959. This study is focusing on the commanding behavior and power bases of female naval officers serving on warships. Through the study with logical analyses and practical experiments, it is hoped that female Naval officers can clearly understand how they practise their leadership and power. Furthermore, the study can help them establish their own successful and unique commanding styles. Questionnaires and interviews were done with female officers who had been serving in the Navy for one or two years. There are three important points found as follows: (1) Regarding the factors of the transformational leadership and transactional leadership, no significant difference is shown between male and female Naval officers. Officers of both sexes use both types of leadership although female officers have a slight preference for transformational leadership. (2) In practising power bases, officers of both sexes are almost the same although female officers have a little tendency to use reference power and expert power. (3) The relation between commanding behavior and power bases of female naval officers is significantly positive. Key words: transformational leaderhsip & transactional leadership, power bases, Female officers

Abstract Leadership and job satisfaction are significantly influential in the success of media and any other organizations. A case study looking into the media organizations of Taiwan can be interesting owing to its specific media environment, since the lifting of the martial law brought forth a liberal public sphere and prosperous media market, accompanying with a growing number of media workers and severe competition. To survive and aim for a longer-term development in such a moment, a well-managed human resource seems to be even more critical, which brings the importance to leadership and job satisfaction in an organization as argued in the beginning. To further explore the issue, this dissertation takes the reporters of terrestrial and satellite television corporations as research object, and examines the relations of three variables ¡V transformational leadership, locus of control, and job satisfaction, with the research method of questionnaire. The findings are listed as below: 1. Wage and seniority as demographical variables significantly affect the perception of transformational leadership. 2. Wage and position as demographical variables significantly affect job satisfaction. 3. The relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction has positive correlation. 4. The relationship between locus of control and job satisfaction has positive correlation. 5. The relationship among transformational leadership, locus of control, and job satisfaction has positive correlation; the locus of control is the important factor enhancing the positive correlation between transformational leadership and job satisfaction. According to the above results, to promote job satisfaction and organizational performance accordingly, transformational leadership is suggested in the management of news production divisions. Compared with workers of other industries, reporters are more exposed to time pressure and sense of being alienated with their organizations and colleagues; to release the tension and thus effectively promote job satisfaction of their reporters, leaders of news production divisions should put more stress on consideration. Later researchers might consider a dimensional study or comparative studies among different types of media organization, which would enrich the empirical studies and reinforce the application of theories of transformational leadership.

This century the West constantly research on the leadership phenomenon, and has developed several theories such as the trait theories, the behavioral theories, the contingency theories, the transformational theories, the leader-member exchange theory, and the charismatic leadership. Lately Silin and Cheng Po-Hsuan focused on the leadership characteristics of Chinese enterprise administrator or leader, which can be referred as "paternalistic leadership". The Post employee has the identity of both civil servant and labor, so the supervisor of such people is also differ from the ordinary enterprise administrator, which should hold the qualities of professional manager, so, the management method of the post supervisor to his subordinate has the necessity to research and discuss. However, this research has the goals of 1. to discuss the management form of the post supervisor 2. to discuss the different effects of the different leadership theories. This research was performed on the Taiwan south area Post managing department, and base on the employee's opinion as the research tool, the data process and analysis was done by using "person relative analyze" and "Blocked Regression". The result of the research found out that out of the six major leadership theories, LMX theory only did not give satisfy result on "supervisor justice action", the rest of "supervisor evaluation", "supervisor beneficial behavior", "repayment", "promises to supervisor", and "loyalty to the supervisor", has positive effects and better expectances compare to other three leadership theories. Therefore, the administrator mode of the Post supervisor, if compared with "paternalistic leadership", "transformational leadership", "charismatic leadership", and "LMX leadership", the "LMX leadership" is more suitable. Finally, base on the result of research, some concrete suggestions can be given to the Post Office and later researchers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of team leadership on team value and how team leadership passes through team value to affect team effectiveness. Finally,we want to understand the relative influence of transactional leadership and transformational leadership on team effectiveness and team value. This study has adopted SPSS FOR WINDOWS as the tool for ststistical analysis.For sampling data in descriptive statistics and examine the correlated coefficient Cronbach¡¦s £\ of all variables.Relativity analysis is used to examine the relationship of all variables.Block regression analysis is used to examine the predictability of team effectiveness in relation to team leadership and teem value,and the predictability of team value in relation to team leadership. Major findings include the following¡G 1. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership have significant influence on team value. 2. The intermediate effect of team value between team leadership and team effectiveness is not very strong. 3. The predictability of team effectiveness in relation to transformational leadership is better than the predictability of team effectiveness in relation to transactional leadership. 4. The predictability of team value in relation to transformational leadership is better than the predictability of team value in relation to transactional leadership.

Abstract Enterprises thought about how to conform employee¡¦s power then they make a team to enhance communication and cooperation. The input-process- output model of Mcgrath point out that team processes is inter-medium. It is mean that we want good team effectiveness needs to promote team processes first. Communication and cooperation are very important. What kinds of leadership have effective influence in team processes? Different task type has different conceptual task could moderate the relation of team leadership and team processes. So that we like to study about the influence in Transactional leadership, Transformational leadership, Paternalistic leadership and team processes. The study is according to 274 effective cases from 71 teams belong to companies in electronic, communicational, mental, mechanical, food, sales, medical and government. The results are present in below. 1. Transactional leadership has significantly effective prediction to team processes. Contingent reward leadership has significant effective prediction to cooperation and communication. Desertless leadership has no significantly effective prediction to cooperation, but has significantly negative effective prediction to communication. 2. Transformational leadership has significantly effective prediction to team processes. Relationship oriented leadership has significantly effective prediction to both team processes. Task oriented leadership has no significantly effective prediction to both team processes. 3. Paternalistic leadership has significantly effective prediction to team processes. Authoritarianism leadership has significantly negative effective prediction to both team processes. Benevolence leadership has significantly negative effective prediction to both team processes. 4. Three leaderships has significantly effective prediction to team processes. Relationship oriented leadership has the best significantly effective prediction to both team processes. Authoritarianism leadership has significantly negative effective prediction to communication. 5. Task type has significantly moderating influence to benevolence leadership and communication. In the lowest conceptual task ¡]promotion team¡^situation benevolence leadership has negative relation to communication. In the others task types benevolence leadership has positive relation to communication.

Abstract The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between external-organizational altruistic behavior, which is known as voluntary behavior, and internal-organizational altruistic behavior, which is called ¡§ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)¡¨. Multiple regression analysis was employed with 369 employees of automobile industry. Results showed that individual volunteer behavior, volunteer behavior performed by organization and reference groups around, and transformational leadership had positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior. Leaders¡¦ Transformational leadership took more significant change than volunteer behavior on shaping subordinates¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior.

In the global knowledge economy century, service sector has been representing the main stream of the industrial development in Taiwan, which also increasingly employs the majority of workers, multi-level marketing industry categorizes as network-building service industry. In the wake of international competition and the transformation of social structure in Taiwan, more and more people have been engaging into multi-level marketing industry. With the economic scale being forged, multi-level marketing industry is able to reduce marketing cost with its unique marketing channels. It can be predicted that multi-level marketing industry is crucial to the competitiveness of the global economy with highly potential for the years to come. Therefore, this research is based upon the multi-level marketing distributors of the ¡§B¡¨ company as samples trying to utilize the aspect of human resources management to explore the issues of transformational leadership of distributors, multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational cultures and organizational commitment. This research is instrumental in analyzing how these issues can achieve effective organizational performance management for multi-level marketing industry and the managers in this industry can use this research to succeed in business for future reference. The indications of the research results are as follows: 1.Age, awarded ranking of distributors and education are significant differences on multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational cultures partially. Besides, seniority, awarded ranking of distributors, entrepreneurial experiences and other multi-level marketing distributor experiences are significant differences on organizational commitment partially. 2.Transformational leadership has positive relation with multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture 3.Transformational leadership has positive relation with organizational commitment. 4.Multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture has positive relation with organizational commitment; the hypothesis above is supported partially. 5.Transformational leadership has significantly positive effect on organizational commitment; the hypothesis above is supported partially. 6.Multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture has significantly positive effect on organizational commitment; the hypothesis above is supported partially. 7.Multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture is the important factor to enhance the positive effect between transformational leadership and organization commitment, the hypothesis above is supported partially.

A study of the transformational leardership by principal of junior high school,the organizational citizenship behavior of the teachers and the effectiveness of the schools in Kaohsiung County . Abstract The purpose of this study are¡G(1) to explore the current situation of therelationships among the transformational leardership by principal ofjunior high school, organizational citizenship behavior of the teachers andschool effectiveness. (2) to analyze the different viewpoints on the above threemain topics of teachers from different kinds background.(3) to explore therelationships among the transformational leardership by principal ofjunior high school, organizational citizenship behavior of the teachers andschool effectiveness. (4) to explore the prediction on school effectiveness of thetransformational leardership of principal, the organizational citizenshipbehavior of the teachers. Subjects were sampled from thirty-six junior high schools in Kaohsiung county. Five hundred forty-two copies of formal questionnaires were deliveredto the subject and there were four hundred seventy valid copies.The study toolis ¡§The questionnaire on the relationships among the transformationalleardership of principal, the organizational citizenship behavior of theteachers and school efficacy. The collected data were analyzed by using thestatistical methods of reliability descriptive statistics,T-test,one-way ANOVA,pearson product-moment correlation, canonical correlation and multipleregression(step-wise- regression procedure). According to the result of the data analysis, the main findings are as follows: 1. Teachers¡¦evaluation on the transformational leardership of principal is above nice leave. 2.The whole performance of the Kaohsiung county¡¦s junior high schoolteacher organizational citizenship behavior is good. 3.The whole performance of Kaohsiung county¡¦s junior high school effectiveness is middle-high level. 4.The male, the elder and the administrator have a higher sense of thetransformational leardership of principal. 5. The elder, the senior, the administrator sense more about the organizational citizenship behavior. 6. The male, the elder, the administrator sense more about the schooleffectiveness. 7. Transformational leardership conducted by principal enhancesbetter school effectiveness. 8. The teachers of the Kaohsiung county¡¦s junior high school in the urban areas and large schools sense more about the school effectiveness. 9. ¡§The identifying oneself with the organization¡¨phase in transformationalleardership of principal and the teacher organizational citizenship behavior can best predict school efficacy. The final findings and conclusion in this research could be used as areference for sahool,board of education and researchers to promote practice in operation and future research.

A STUDY ON THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF PRINCIPLE¡¦S TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, INNOVATIVE CLIMATE OF ORGANIZATION, AND TEACHERS' ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF KAOHSIUNG CITY Abstract This study focuses primarily on public elementary schools in Kaohsiung City, investigating the inter-relationship of principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment. The purposes of this study are to a) investigate the present situation of consciousness of elementary school teachers towards principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment; b) understand the cognitive differences of elementary school teachers from different backgrounds towards principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment; c) look deeply into elementary school teachers¡¦ perceptivity towards the inter-relationship among principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment; d) submit some humble suggestions, in accordance with the results of this study, so that the educational administrative authorities and school administration as well can use them as references; and hopefully, innovative climate of organization at school can be enhanced, which in turn promote the fulfillment of the perception of teachers' organizational commitment, benefiting the upgrading of organization efficacy of schools. ¡@¡@The rational and research structures of this study are literature review. Then it serves as the basis for designing research instruments. Survey method is used to examine 605 teachers in 33 elementary school teachers of Kaohsiung City, with 553 valid questionnaires returned. Test instruments include ¡§Scales of Principal's transformational leadership,¡¨ ¡§Scales of Innovative Climate of Organization,¡¨ and ¡§Scales of Organizational Commitment from Teachers.¡¨ Data from valid questionnaires are tested and analyzed by t-test, single-factor ANOVA, movement correlation, typical correlation, and gradual-multiple transgression. The following results are reached: 1. The performance of principal's transformational leadership of the elementary schools in Kaohsiung City can be located between middle and high levels, in which ¡§encouragement and inspiration¡¨ is the best. 2. Innovative climate of organization of the schools occupies between middle and high levels, and ¡§self-reliance toward the assignment¡¨ has the best performance. 3. Organizational Commitment of elementary school teachers at the present occupies between middle and high levels, in which ¡§commitment of hardworking¡¨ is the best. 4. Teachers who are male, senior, experienced, and holding concurrent administrative jobs perceive a higher degree of the whole phase of principal's transformational leadership. 5. Teachers who are senior, experienced, and holding concurrent administrative jobs as section deans perceive a higher degree of innovative climate of organization. 6. Teachers who are senior, experienced, and holding concurrent administrative jobs as dean deans in middle-sized schools perceive a higher degree of organizational commitment. 7. The more the principals focus on their transformational leadership, the better innovative climate their schools have. 8. The more the principals focus on their transformational leadership, the better organizational commitment their teachers have. 9. The higher degrees the teachers perceive innovative climate of their schools, the better their commitment to their schools. 10. Higher degrees of the principal's transformational leadership and innovative climate of organization boost organizational commitment from the teachers. 11. Principal's transformational leadership and innovative climate of organization can validly predict teachers¡¦ organizational commitment, in which ¡§the challenges from assignments¡¨ has the best predictability. As a conclusion,the study results will be references for all Bureau of Education's and school's administrative organization.

Based on the theoretical insights from the newly arising concept of ¡§Employee Brand¡¨, this study seeks to explore the relationships between transformational leadership, human resource branding involvement, employee brand and employee brand behavior. Adapting the methodology of releasing 2-level survey to domestic hotels, this study aims to examine the impact of transformational leadership and HR branding involvement on employee brand and brand behavior. The 34 organizational-level questionnaires answered by the HR supervisors and the 326 individual-level questionnaires by the frontline employees were analyzed by descriptive statistics, exploratory factors, reliability, linear regression, and hierarchical linear models. The findings of the research indicates that transformational leadership influences the employee brand and therefore results in the brand behavior delivering brand values. In addition, employee brand behavior is also relevant to HR branding involvement. The contribution of this paper lies in the focus of how leadership and HR involvement affect employee¡¦s understanding and willingness of delivering brand values, which was not previously discussed in other relative documents.