Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evelin Palumbo-anexos-b.pdf: 11981301 bytes, checksum: 1fdb97faa03cc636570b76c619dcceb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-05 / This master thesis approaches the observed urban transformations of Americana city, a mid size town with industrial profile of the State of S?o Paulo, focusing as study object its downtown while a central historical core, significant buildings and public areas. The arrival of the railroad, the essential element for the formation of a new urban core, promoted great impact in the organization of the territory, extended in 1875 with the installation of a textile industry in Vila Carioba. The arrival of the highways and the increasing predominance of the road transportation will go to modify the social and economic behavior of the city. The deactivation of the railroad transportation and the abandonment of diverse buildings contributed for the degradation of the central historical core, becoming the focus of discussions about initiatives to be adopted for its recovery. This work analyzed the process of transformations and the intensified actions of requalification in the central area of Americana city from 1970. In 1996 the Municipal City hall of Americana created the commission of revitalization with the objective of requalification of the central area, giving sequence to the initiatives made with the creation of a public pedestrian precinct, aiming to response the existing conflict between vehicles and pedestrians. However, problems of the scope of public politics had remained in the central area, like social segregation, lack of historic heritage preservation, public laziness of constructions, and badly used spaces. The considered projects by the commission had been executed in a superficial and disarticulated manner, without a dialogue with the environment and the historical memory of the users, making difficult the incorporation of the revitalized patrimony in a new urban experience. / Esta disserta??o aborda as transforma??es urbanas de Americana, cidade m?dia paulista com perfil industrial, focando como objeto de estudo sua ?rea central enquanto n?cleo hist?rico central, edif?cios significativos e ?reas p?blicas. A chegada da ferrovia, elemento fundamental para o surgimento do novo n?cleo urbano, causou grande impacto na organiza??o do territ?rio, ampliado em 1875 com a instala??o de uma f?brica t?xtil na Vila Carioba. A chegada das rodovias e o crescente predom?nio do transporte rodovi?rio ir? modificar decisivamente o comportamento social e econ?mico da cidade. A desativa??o do transporte ferrovi?rio e o abandono de diversos edif?cios contribu?ram para a degrada??o do n?cleo hist?rico central tornando o foco de discuss?es sobre as iniciativas a serem adotadas para sua recupera??o. Este trabalho analisa o processo de transforma??es e as a??es de requalifica??o intensificadas a partir de 1970 na ?rea central de Americana. Em 1996 a Prefeitura Municipal de Americana criou a comiss?o de revitaliza??o com o objetivo de requalificar a ?rea central, dando seq??ncia a iniciativas pontuais realizadas anteriormente como a cria??o de um cal?ad?o comercial, visando responder ao conflito existente entre ve?culos e pedestres. No entanto, remanesceram na ?rea central problemas do ?mbito de pol?ticas p?blicas, como segrega??o social, aus?ncia de preserva??o dos patrim?nios hist?ricos, m? utiliza??o dos espa?os p?blicos. Os projetos propostos pela comiss?o foram executados de forma superficial e desarticulada, sem um di?logo com o entorno e com a mem?ria hist?rica dos usu?rios dificultando a incorpora??o do patrim?nio requalificado, em uma nova viv?ncia urbana.

Neste estudo é proposto um método para resolução de problemas de tangências, especificamente para o décimo caso do problema de Apolônio. Este método é baseado na transformação geométrica inversão e no uso do conceito de feixes de circunferências. Além de permitir a resolução de todas as configurações do problema, ele é aplicável também à resolução de outros problemas. Através do trabalho indicamos a importância do tema Desenho Geométrico no ensino de Desenho que há muito tempo enfatiza apenas o desenvolvimento da visualização espacial. Destacamos ao longo do texto como o ensino de Desenho Geométrico pode ser utilizado eficazmente para fomentar o raciocínio lógico-dedutivo dos estudantes através da prática de demonstrações. / A new method to solve the tenth case of Appolonius problem is presented in this study. This method is based on the geometric transformation called inversion and the concept of coaxal circumferences. Besides allowing the resolution of all configurations of the problem, it can also be used to solve other problems. We indicate the importance of the subject about geometric constructions in teaching Drawing, which, since a long time ago has given attention only to the development of the spatial visualization ability. We detach along the text how the teaching of geometric construction can be used efficiently to foment the deductive logical reasoning of the students through the practice of demonstrations.

by Patrick Chi-man Fung. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-58). / LIST OF FIGURES / LIST OF IMAGES / LIST OF TABLES / NOTATIONS / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- THEORY --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Matrix Representation of LOT --- p.3 / Chapter 2.2 --- Feasibility of LOT --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3 --- Properties of Good Feasible LOT --- p.6 / Chapter 2.4 --- An Optimal LOT --- p.7 / Chapter 2.5 --- Approximation of an Optimal LOT --- p.10 / Chapter 2.6 --- Representation of an Approximately Optimal LOT --- p.13 / Chapter 3 --- IMPLEMENTATION --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- Mathematical Background --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- Analysis of LOT Flowgraph --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Fundamental LOT Building Block --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- +1/-1 Butterflies --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3 --- Conclusion --- p.25 / Chapter 4 --- RESULTS --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- Objective of Energy Packing --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2 --- Nature of Target Images --- p.27 / Chapter 4.3 --- Methodology of LOT Coefficient Selection --- p.28 / Chapter 4.4 --- dB RMS Error in Pixel Values --- p.29 / Chapter 4.5 --- Negative Pixel Values in Reverse LOT --- p.30 / Chapter 4.6 --- LOT Coefficient Energy Distribution --- p.30 / Chapter 4.7 --- Experimental Data --- p.32 / Chapter 5 --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1 --- RMS Error (dB) and LOT Coeffs. Drop Ratio --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Numeric Experimental Results --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Human Visual Response --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Chapter 5.2 --- Number of Negative Pixel Values in RLOT --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3 --- LOT Coefficient Energy Distribution --- p.51 / Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of Changing the Block Size --- p.54 / REFERENCES --- p.57 / APPENDIX / Tables of Experimental Data --- p.59

Kwok-po Ng. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-139). / Abstracts / Summary / Introduction --- p.1 / Summary of the papers A-F --- p.2 / Paper A --- p.15 / Paper B --- p.36 / Paper C --- p.63 / Paper D --- p.87 / Paper E --- p.109 / Paper F --- p.122

by Lai Chun Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.IV / ABSTRACT --- p.v / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Traditional Image and Video Coding --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Fundamental Principle of Compression --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Entropy - Value of Information --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Performance Measure --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Image Coding Overview --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Digital Image Formation --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Needs of Image Compression --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Classification of Image Compression --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Transform Coding --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6 --- Video Coding Overview --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Discrete Wavelets Transform (DWT) and Subband Coding --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Subband Coding --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Quadrature Mirror Filters (QMFs) --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Subband Coding for Image --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Discrete Wavelets Transformation (DWT) --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Wavelet Theory --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Comparison Between Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Non-expansive Symmetric Extension --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Types of extension scheme --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3 --- Non-expansive Symmetric Extension and Symmetric Sub-sampling --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Content-based Video Coding in MPEG-4 Purposed Standard --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2 --- Motivation of the new MPEG-4 standard --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Changes in the production of audio-visual material --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Changes in the consumption of multimedia information --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Reuse of audio-visual material --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Changes in mode of implementation --- p.26 / Chapter 4.3 --- Objective of MPEG-4 standard --- p.27 / Chapter 4.4 --- Technical Description of MPEG-4 --- p.28 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overview of MPEG-4 coding system --- p.28 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Shape Coding --- p.29 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Shape Adaptive Texture Coding --- p.33 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Motion Estimation and Compensation (ME/MC) --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Shape Adaptive Wavelet Transformation Coding Scheme (SA WT) --- p.36 / Chapter 5.1 --- Shape Adaptive Wavelet Transformation --- p.36 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.36 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Description of Transformation Scheme --- p.37 / Chapter 5.2 --- Quantization --- p.40 / Chapter 5.3 --- Entropy Coding --- p.42 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.42 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Stack Run Algorithm --- p.42 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- ZeroTree Entropy (ZTE) Coding Algorithm --- p.45 / Chapter 5.4 --- Binary Shape Coding --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Simulation --- p.51 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.51 / Chapter 6.2 --- SSAWT-Stack Run --- p.52 / Chapter 6.3 --- SSAWT-ZTR --- p.53 / Chapter 6.4 --- Simulation Results --- p.55 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- SSAWT - STACK --- p.55 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- SSAWT ´ؤ ZTE --- p.56 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Comparison Result - Cjpeg and Wave03. --- p.57 / Chapter 6.5 --- Shape Coding Result --- p.61 / Chapter 6.6 --- Analysis --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.64 / Appendix A: Image Segmentation --- p.65 / Reference --- p.68

No presente trabalho, foram estudados os aspectos morfológicos da decomposição da austenita em função da variação dos teores de níquel e carbono. Para a realização deste estudo, foi preparado um par de difusão composto de ligas Fe-5%Ni e Fe-10%Ni. O par foi feito por co-laminação a quente, e amostras deste par foram carburadas até teores de carbono de 0,1%, 0,3%, 0,5%C e 0,7%C. As amostras foram austenitizadas a 900°C por 20 minutos e tratadas isotermicamente por 10 minutos a temperaturas entre 400°C e 500°C por 10 minutos. Nas ligas hipoeutetóides, os produtos de decomposição da austenita predominantes são perlita degenerada, bainita inferior e ferrita degenerada. A perlita degenerada foi observada nas amostras tratadas a 500°C, nas regiões de baixo níquel, juntamente com a bainita superior. À medida em que se avança para regiões de mais alto níquel, a formação de perlita degenerada cessa, sendo a bainita o único produto de decomposição. A bainita dá então lugar à formação de ferrita degenerada, isenta de carbonetos, em regiões de teor de níquel próximo de 7%. Nas amostras tratadas a 400°C, o principal produto de decomposição da austenita é a bainita inferior, cuja escala se torna progressivamente mais grosseira com o aumento do teor de níquel. Foi observado um produto de decomposição eutetóide que pode ser caracterizado como bainita nodular, mas que só ocorre em estágios avançados dar reação de decomposição da austenita. Análises de difração de elétrons retroespalhados revelam que a ferrita degenerada é composta de múltiplas partículas de ferrita, que têm entre si uma diferença de orientação cristalográfica de até 8°. Nas ligas hipereutetóides, os produtos de decomposição da austenita são perlita e bainita inversa. Com a diminuição da temperatura de tratamento, nota-se uma diminuição na formação de perlita, sendo esta totalmente suprimida a 400°C. Em todas as amostras tratadas, a decomposição da austenita não foi completa após 10 minutos de tratamento térmico, independente da temperatura de tratamento. / In the present work, the morphological aspects of austenite decomposition were studied as related to Ni and C. To perform this study, a diffusion couple composed of Fe-5%Ni and Fe-10%Ni was produced. The couples were produced by hot co-rolling, and carburized to carbon contents of 0.1%C, 0.3%C, 0.5%C and 0.8%C. The samples were solution treated in the austenitic range at 900°C for 20 minutes, and held isothermally at temperatures between 400°C and 500°C for 10 minutes. In the hypoeutectoid alloys, the austenite decomposition products are degenerate pearlite, bainite (upper and lower), and degenerate ferrite. Degenerate pearlite was observed in the samples treated at 500°C and 450°C, and only in the low-nickel regions, along with upper bainite. With increasing nickel content, the formation of degenerate pearlite ceases, and bainite is the only decomposition product. Bainite is then replaced by degenerate ferrite, free of carbides, at nickel contents close to 7%. In the samples treated at 400°C, the main decomposition product is lower bainite, with a progressively coarser scale as the nickel content rises. A nodular decomposition product was observed, which can be identified as nodular bainite, occurring only at advanced stages of reaction in samples treated at 400°C. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses reveal that degenerate ferrite is characteristically composed of multiple ferrite particles, containing a crystallographic misorientation of up to 8°. In hypereutectoid alloys, the decomposition products are pearlite and inverse bainite. As the treatment temperature is diminished, a decrease in the amount of pearlite formed is observed, and pearlite is completely suppressed at 400°C. In all samples treated, the reaction was incomplete after 10 minutes, regardless of the temperature of isothermal hold.

Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho é estudar o comportamento dos operadores de transferência em f0, 1gN2 , um associado ao deslocamento horizontal (se1 ) e outro associado ao deslocamento vertical (se2 ). Construímos uma equação cohomológica para fins de ampliar a gama de funções às quais os operadores de transferência se aplicam. Estudamos também o comportamento do operador de transferência obtido pela composição dos dois operadores citados e, em condições de comutatividade, encontramos um autovalor e uma autofunção associada, ambos estritamente positivos, e uma automedida para o operador dual, associada ao mesmo autovalor. Tal automedida é um estado de equilíbrio. Além disso, estudamos algumas propriedades ergódicas de transformações de blocos. / In this work we study the behavior of the transfer operators in f0, 1gN2 , one associated with horizontal shift (se1 ) and other associated with vertical shift (se2 ). We build a cohomological equation for the purpose of expanding the range of functions to which the transfer operators apply. We also study the behavior of the transfer operator obtained by the composition of the two cited operators and, in the conditions of commutativity, we find an eigenvalue and an associated eigenfunction, both strictly positive, and an eigen measuse for the dual operator, associated with the same eigenvalue. This eigen measure is an equilibrium state. Furthermore, we study some ergodic properties of block transformations.

Este trabalho de pesquisa investigou o processo de aprendizagem de geometria em uma turma do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede municipal de Porto Alegre. Durante dois meses do ano de 2016, foram desenvolvidos os conceitos de quadriláteros, triângulos e de Transformações Geométricas (translação, rotação e reflexão) sob a perspectiva da Investigação Matemática em sala de aula, metodologia de ensino que possui potencial para desencadear o processo de construção do conhecimento. Durante este período, os estudantes realizaram a investigação de quadriláteros e de triângulos, utilizando o software GeoGebra como recurso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Os alunos construíram estes polígonos no GeoGebra, através de orientações passo-a-passo que foram disponibilizadas através de formulários online. Ao longo destas construções, os estudantes responderam a questionamentos também contidos nestes formulários online, de forma a identificar as propriedades contidas em cada construção, referentes a cada figura geométrica. Posteriormente, registraram as propriedades de cada polígono em uma tabela de características, de forma a organizar as propriedades de cada quadrilátero e de cada triângulo estudado. Para a investigação das Transformações Geométricas, desenvolveu-se um trabalho fazendo-se uso de tesselações no plano (coberturas para o plano). Para esta etapa da investigação, utilizou-se o applet “Design a Tessellation”, que é um recurso online e gratuito no qual o usuário pode criar diferentes coberturas para o plano através de uma unidade de tesselação quadrada. Os alunos fizeram uso de formulários online para responder aos questionamentos sobre as Transformações Geométricas estudadas, assim como folhas com atividades e malhas impressas para a criação de tesselações. Para a análise do processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, foi utilizada a perspectiva dos níveis de Van Hiele, que classifica os níveis de pensamento geométrico, utilizando também uma abordagem que admite a existência de níveis intermediários. Além disso, este trabalho também formulou uma complementação para os níveis de Van Hiele quanto às Transformações Geométricas, de forma a analisar os dados obtidos com a pesquisa de uma maneira mais detalhada. Com a pesquisa finalizada, conclui-se que houve progresso dos níveis de Van Hiele para os estudantes analisados. / This research investigated the learning process of geometry in a class of the sixth grade of Elementary School, of a municipal school in Porto Alegre. During two months of 2016, the concepts of quadrilaterals, triangles and Geometric Transformations (translation, rotation and reflection) were developed from the perspective of Math Investigation in the classroom, teaching methodology which has the potential to develop the process of knowledge construction. During this period, students performed the investigation of quadrilaterals and triangles, using GeoGebra software as a resource of Information and Communication Technologies (TIC). The students constructed these polygons in GeoGebra, through step-by-step guidelines, which were made available through online forms. Throughout these constructions, the students answered the questions also contained in these online forms, in order to identify the properties contained in each construction, referring to each geometric figure. Later, they registered the properties of each polygon in a table of characteristics, in order to organize the properties of each quadrilateral and of each triangle studied. For the investigation of the Geometric Transformations, a work was developed making use of tessellations in the plane (covers for the plane). For this stage of the research, the "Design a Tessellation" applet was used, which is an online and free resource, where the user can create different covers for the plane, through a square tessellation unit. Students used online forms to answer questions about Geometric Transformations studied, as well as sheets with activities, and printed meshes for the creation of tessellations. For the analysis of the students' learning process, the Van Hiele levels perspective was also used, which classifies the levels of geometric thinking, using an approach that admits the existence of intermediate levels. In addition, this work also formulated a complementation for the Van Hiele levels, regarding Geometric Transformations, in order to analyze the data obtained with the research in a more detailed way. With the research completed, it is concluded that there was progress of the levels of Van Hiele for the analyzed students.

Thesis (Elec.E)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 173-175. / by Samuel Holtzman Dantus. / Elec.E

Thesis. 1978. Sc.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Sc.D.