Orientador: Carmen Zink Bolognini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:34:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciano_AnitaHolmThomsen_M.pdf: 275690 bytes, checksum: 2e8e7ae01aabdea024e15ca390d51867 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Devido à escassez de pesquisas científicas na área da interpretação simultânea no Brasil, o presente trabalho se apresenta como um estudo piloto, cujo objetivo mais amplo foi o de abrir as portas para futuras pesquisas no campo, mostrando sua riqueza e complexidade enquanto objeto de estudo. Assim, com a pretensão de dar um passo inicial em uma grande discussão, este trabalho inicia-se traçando uma breve história da interpretação e mapeando as pesquisas realizadas na área, desde seu início até a atualidade, contextualizando, desta forma, o quadro geral de pesquisas no qual está inserido o tema desta dissertação. Como parte desta proposta mais ampla, apresentou-se uma comparação entre a tradução e a interpretação, com o propósito de definir, a partir das características distintivas das duas, o nosso objeto de estudo: a interpretação simultânea. O objetivo mais restrito desta pesquisa foi o de analisar os fatores lingüísticos envolvidos na interpretação simultânea que possam ser possíveis desencadeadores de problemas (problem-triggers) e, como tais, possam resultar em omissões na produção do intérprete. Com o suporte do modelo teórico de Daniel Gile sobre a capacidade de processamento na interpretação simultânea, analisaram-se duas interpretações realizadas por dois sujeitos, do inglês para o português, suplementadas pelos comentários retrospectivos destes. A análise dos dados nos permitiu identificar várias situações em que fatores lingüísticos, de diferentes níveis, aparentam interferir na produção do intérprete, resultando nas omissões nela registradas / Abstract: Due to the scarcity of scientific research within the area of simultaneous interpreting in Brazil, the present work represents a pilot study with the broader aim of opening the door to future research within the field by exposing its richness and complexity as an object of study. With the purpose of being an initial step in a larger discussion, this work thus starts by outlining a brief history of interpretation and mapping the research terrain in the field, from its beginning to present day, and thereby contextualizing the general framework of research of which the topic of this dissertation is part. As part of this broader aim, a comparison between translation and interpreting was presented with the purpose of defining our object, simultaneous interpreting, based on the distinctive features of the two modalities. The more restricted aim of this research project was to analyze the linguistic factors involved in simultaneous interpreting that could be potential problem-triggers and, as such, could result in omissions in the interpreter¿s output. Based on Daniel Gile¿s theoretical model of processing capacity in simultaneous interpreting, two interpretations from English to Portuguese, produced by two research subjects, were analyzed, supplemented by their retrospective comments. The analysis of the data allowed us to identify various situations, in the two interpretations, where linguistic factors, on various levels, seem to have interfered in the interpreter¿s output and have caused the omissions recorded. / Mestrado / Tradução / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The master thesis deals with the dialogical communication interpreted by children. Its primary focus was to analyze situations in which the interpreter and the language brokerer is a child and not a professional adult interpreter. The thesis is devided into two parts. In the theoretical part of the study we will describe the theoretical framework of our research such as natural translation and interpreting, bilingualism and child language brokering. The empirical part of this study describes the research and presents the results of our research. Our aim was to analyze dialogical interpreting and mode of addressing other participants in situations in which the mediator of the communication is a child. Moreover, the research wanted to answer the question about what strategies a child language brokerer uses when interpreting negative criticism about himself. We discovered that dialogical interpreting with a child language brokerer has its specific features and children use some strategies to mitigate or to totally avoid criticism that concerns them directly and they do not interpret as a neutral interpreter should do.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) --University of Limpopo, 2017 / This study examines the translation of idioms and fixed expressions between Tshivenḓa and English. The aim of the study is to explore factors that lead to the mistranslation of idioms and fixed expressions between the two languages. The study presents problems that are encountered in the translation of the idioms and fixed expressions between these languages and looks at translation strategies that can be used. In translating idioms, the translator encounters various difficulties that are not usually easy to overcome mainly due to lack of equivalence. It is rare to come across an idiom in the source language that shares the same form and meaning in the target language. In order to deal with the problems that arise in the process of translation, translators use various strategies. Among others, the translator must have extensive knowledge about the function of idioms in the source and target languages. From the data collected, the study revealed that there are numerous problems that the translator comes across in the process of translation. These include the ambiguity of idioms; idioms expressing meaning at a literal level; idioms that do not exist in the target language and the frequency of use of an idiom. The study adopted the qualitative research approach to collect and analyse data. Through use of this approach, it was noted that the translator needs to take into account cultures associated with the languages involved as well as the context in the translation process. The translation of idioms cannot be properly done without considering the impact of culture. A translator must be well-versed in the culture of both the source and target languages. It is important for one to know that language and culture are two entities that are inseparable. Idioms and fixed expressions express the uniqueness of the language and culture of the respective languages. Therefore, translators must have a comprehensive knowledge base of both languages and cultural context. From the recommendations made in this study, the following are the most prominent ones: Linguists should be exposed to idiomatic expressions in order to enhance their knowledge of the translation of idioms and fixed expressions. There are instances where idioms are translated literally because the translator does not understand or recognise the idiom. Therefore, this study recommends that translators need to learn more about idioms in order to have better understanding of translation of idioms and fixed expressions. Translators need to learn more about the translation strategies that are available to deal with the translation of idioms and fixed expressions. The first strategy is translation by using an idiom of similar meaning and form. This strategy involves using an idiom in the target language consisting of equivalent lexical items, which conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom. The second strategy is translation by idioms of similar meaning but dissimilar form. This strategy uses an idiom in the target language which has a meaning similar to that of the source idiom or expression, but consists of different lexical items. The third strategy is translation by paraphrasing. In this strategy, the translator transfers the meaning of an idiom using a single word or a group of words which roughly correspond to the meaning of the idiom but is not an idiom itself. The fourth strategy is translation by omission. This is used to completely omit the idiom from the target text where there is no close match between the items of the two languages. Where the idiom is very difficult for the translator, one tries to eliminate the whole part of the idiom. The fifth strategy is translation by a superordinate. This strategy is used to solve the problem of non-equivalence across languages because the hierarchical structure of semantic fields is not language specific. This strategy involves translation by a more neutral and less expressive word. Lastly, it is translation by cultural substitution which is a method that requires the replacement of a culture-specific item or expression with a target language one that has no exact meaning, but has an impact on the target reader. However, this study recommends translation by idioms of similar meaning with a dissimilar form. The researcher believes that this strategy provides the closest meaning of the idiom in the target language. Idioms might not be the same in form but the meaning can be derived from the idiom with a dissimilar form.

Appropriate digital citizenship skills are considered essential for modern professionals, including signed language interpreters. However, little is known about the experiences and practices of interpreter educators regarding digital citizenship. This exploratory qualitative interview study was conducted to examine the experiences and practices of interpreter educators related to incorporating opportunities for digital citizenship skill-building in their teaching practice. A conceptual framework based on digital citizenship theory guided development of this study. Data were collected from interviews of 6 interpreter educators in bachelor-degree programs in American Sign Language/English interpreting across the United States. Data sets were analyzed through open and axial coding and assessed for themes and patterns. Findings of the study indicated that interpreter educators were aware of elements of digital citizenship but were not knowledgeable about institutional or other policies, that they prioritized the soft skills of digital citizenship, and that they assumed their students acquired the technical skills of digital citizenship elsewhere. Findings may lead to better informed pedagogical decisions about incorporating digital citizenship into instruction, better prepared new professionals, and can contribute to positive social change for practitioners and the consumers they serve.

The thesis focuses on the position of graduates of the master's programme in translation and interpreting at the Institute of Translation Studies at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague (formerly Department of Translation and Interpreting at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University; University of 17 November) on the labour market. It follows up on the survey of employment possibilities of graduates of these institutions which was carried out in 1997 (Čeňková). The theoretical part of the thesis addresses graduate placement from the viewpoint of education policy and of translation studies. This part also provides a description of language industry trends and problems of the translation and interpreting market, with particular emphasis on the Czech environment. The empirical part presents the results of a questionnaire survey among graduates in the field of translation and interpreting from 1967 to 2010. The survey focuses on the current position of the graduates on the labour market, on the development of their professional careers, on the transition of graduates to the labour market after completing their studies, on some aspects of the work of freelance translators and interpreters, on an assessment of the study programme and on the perception of the translating and interpreting...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-18T12:05:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna Marcella Verdessi Hoy.pdf: 3855394 bytes, checksum: 75477ccaaf07413e197414a6218bc86e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T12:05:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna Marcella Verdessi Hoy.pdf: 3855394 bytes, checksum: 75477ccaaf07413e197414a6218bc86e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this research, we aim to analyze the dynamism in the Ideational representation of the narrator and protagonist, Inés, in the role of Sayer and Senser in the parallel corpus of Inés del alma mía (ALLENDE, 2006) and in its translation to Brazilian Portuguese. The theoretical approach is the Systemic Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, MATTHIESSEN, 2004; EGGINS, 2002) on the interface of Translation Studies (CATFORD, 1965; HALLIDA, 2001; MATTHIESSEN, 2001; RODRIGUES-JÚNIOR and OLIVEIRA, 2015), and literary text (MONTGOMERY, 1993; SIMPSON, 1993; PAGANO, 2007; RODRIGUES-JÚNIOR and BARBARA, 2013). The data were submitted to the computing program called WordSmith Tools 6.0, specifically to the Word List, to the Concordance and the View & Aligner for organization and description. In the analysis of the female representations adopts the transitivity system of Systemic Functional Linguistics. In the comparison of these representations in the Source Text (SF) and in the Target Text (TT), chooses to the concepts of Ideational-shift and Ideational Equivalence (RODRIGUES-JÚNIOR and GARCIA de OLIVEIRA, 2015)) elaborated from the Catford (1968) studies and extended by Matthiessen (2001). Two hypotheses are proposed: i) the Mental and Verbal processes contribute to the dialogical and subjective dynamism in the representation of Inés, and; ii) although the Ideational Equivalences standards are more frequent, Ideational-Shift also will be found in the Ideational representation of Inés. The analysis shows that Inés is represented as a Sayer and Senser with a high degree of dialogical and subjective dynamism, making her a character capable to affect positively the community of which she belongs. It was also identified that, although Ideational equivalence has been the translator`s standard of choice, Ideational-Shift were also detected in elements of transitivity different of the Process. These changes occurred, for example, in the Circumstances that added information of mode, intensity, and time to the Inés' Ideational representation / Nesta pesquisa, objetiva-se analisar o dinamismo na representação Ideacional da narradora e protagonista, Inés, no papel de Dizente e Experienciadora no corpus paralelo Inés del alma mía (ALLENDE, 2006) e em sua tradução para o português do Brasil. A abordagem teórica é a da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004; EGGINS, 2002) na interface dos estudos da tradução (CATFORD, 1965; HALLIDAY, 2001; MATTHIESSEN, 2001; RODRIGUES-JÚNIOR e GARCIA de OLIVEIRA, 2015) e do texto literário (MONTGOMERY, 1993; SIMPSON, 1993; PAGANO, 2007; RODRIGUES-JÚNIOR e BARBARA, 2013). Os dados foram submetidos ao programa computacional WordSmith Tools 6.0, especificamente à lista de palavras (word list), ao concordanciador (concordance) e ao utilitário alinhador (view & aligner) com vistas à sua organização e descrição. Na análise das representações femininas, adota-se o sistema de transitividade da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional. Na comparação dessas representações no texto fonte (TF) e no texto alvo (TA), opta-se pelos conceitos de mudança Ideacional e de equivalência ideacional (RODRIGUES-JÚNIOR e GARCIA de OLIVEIRA, 2015) elaborados a partir dos estudos de Catford (1968) e ampliados por Matthiessen (2001). Propõem-se duas hipóteses: i) os processos Mentais e Verbais contribuem para o dinamismo dialógico e subjetivo na representação de Inés, e; ii) embora padrões de Equivalências Ideacionais sejam mais frequentes, também serão encontradas mudanças Ideacionais na representação Ideacional de Ines. A análise mostra que Inés é representada como Dizente e Experienciadora com alto grau de dinamismo dialógico e subjetivo, tornando-a uma personagem capaz de afetar positivamente a comunidade da qual faz parte. Identificou-se também que, embora a equivalência Ideacional tenha sido o padrão de escolha do tradutor, também foram detectadas mudanças Ideacionais em elementos de transitividade diferentes do Processo. Essas mudanças ocorreram, por exemplo, nas Circunstâncias que agregaram informações de modo, de intensidade, de tempo à representação Ideacional de Inés

This thesis aims to provide an in-depth overview of machine translation and machine interpreting, describing their history, development, and current state, as well as their place on the market and their potential use. The thesis describes machine translation and machine interpreting on theoretical, practical, and technological level, including the description of their basic principles, evaluation criteria, obstacles and challenges, and scope of their use. The thesis also includes a practical test of one of currently available machine interpreting programs - Skype Translator by Microsoft. The aim of the test is to determine whether the program can facilitate successful communication between two people who don't speak the same language, and to describe the user's experience. Keywords: machine translation, machine interpreting, machine translation limitations, neural translation, Skype Translator, STACL, speech recognition, speech production

El artículo analiza las perspectivas de un grupo de intérpretes de lenguas indígenas sobre la interpretación en el sistema judicial del Perú. Se condujeron entrevistas semiestructuradas con ocho intérpretes de diferentes lenguas indígenas, quienes relataron la adquisición de la lengua de su pueblo y del castellano, sus actividades profesionales, sus procesos de inserción en las políticas lingüísticas estatales y sus miradas sobre las relaciones de poder que se evidencian en su trabajo con el Estado y en el sistema judicial en específico. Se exponen las perspectivas de las y los participantes sobre su relación con las comunidades indígenas que reciben el servicio lingüístico y con operadores de justicia. Estas interacciones construyen diferentes dimensiones identitarias en el conjunto de intérpretes, a la vez que marcan sus entendimientos sobre sus roles y estatus. / This paper analyzes the perspectives of a group of Peruvian indigenous language interpreters regarding interpreting in the Peruvian justice system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight indigenous language interpreters, in which they described the learning process of both their indigenous language and Spanish, their professional experiences, their integration process through the language policies implemented in Peru and their perspectives about the power relations they experienced while working in Peruvian governmental entities, specifically in the Peruvian judicial system. This paper also presents the interpreter’s perspectives regarding their interactions with judicial officials and the indigenous communities requesting the interpreting services, which helped to build different aspects of their identities within the group of Peruvian indigenous languages interpreters and shaped their insights about role and status. / Tesis

(in English): The aim of the present thesis is to investigate and describe the role of non-professional translation and interpreting between Spanish and Czech in the intercultural communication, whose actors were and are Czech compatriots in Argentina. The two introductory parts of the thesis provide a summary on the historical context of the Czech emigration to Argentina and about the language situation of Czech compatriots in Argentina. The theoretical part is based on the sociological turn in translation studies, on the focus on the translator and the history of translation and translators. Methodologically, the thesis is based primarily on archival research and oral history. The empirical part maps the occurrence of amateur translations in our corpus, further, it draws attention to some larger translations made by compatriots and, last but not least, it gathers information about non-professional interpreting in the Czech compatriot communities in Argentina. As a conclusion, the found information is summarized and further possibilities of linguistic research of the Czech compatriot communities in Argentina are proposed.

The central focus of this Master's thesis was to provide a concise overview of the academic work of the contemporary Spanish interpreter and interpreting historian, Jesús Baigorri Jalón. We carried out an in-depth analysis of his work, accompanied by the critical reception of his two key publications. In the introductory part of our thesis, we focused on the author's methodology and placement in Spanish and Czech academic contexts. Then, we elaborated a comprehensive, chronological overview of the author's two main monographs and outlined the main topics discussed in Baigorri's studies. We also focused on the author's contribution to the translation and interpreting studies, his research methodology and its potential to serve as an inspiration to Czech researchers.