Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-06-15T14:27:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 efeitos_mecanismos.pdf: 1238336 bytes, checksum: d005a9b54ec8b6cb1f09c6a122961c17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-15T14:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 efeitos_mecanismos.pdf: 1238336 bytes, checksum: d005a9b54ec8b6cb1f09c6a122961c17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desse estudo é investigar de que forma ocorrem os efeitos de transmissão de política monetária no Brasil e no Chile. Para esse fim, é utilizado um modelo econométrico VEC (vector error correction), no período do primeiro trimestre de 1995 até o último de 2010 para o modelo brasileiro de do primeiro trimestre de 2000 até o primeiro de 2011 no Chile. Inicialmente, a revisão teórica e empírica faz uma discussão acerca do tema. Subsequentemente, são analisados alguns fatos estilizados sobre as políticas monetárias do Brasil e do Chile e outras variáveis macroeconômicas. Os principais resultados encontrados por meio do modelo econométrico mostraram que a política monetária brasileira pode ser capaz de influenciar a produção industrial no longo prazo, e ocorre um trade-off entre elevação na atividade econômica e controle da inflação. Adicionalmente, a manutenção da taxa de juros num patamar alto pode implicar em queda da atividade econômica, elevação da dívida pública sobre o PIB e valorização cambial, que possui efeito de controlar a inflação, mas reduz a atividade industrial. Entretanto, a alta nos juros pode ser influenciada por aumentos da dívida pública e no risco. A taxa de câmbio mostrou-se como um canal relevante para a transmissão de política monetária, no entanto, sem efeitos no longo prazo. No Chile, a política monetária pareceu agir passivamente, com a produção industrial sendo o canal mais relevante para a desaceleração da inflação. A taxa de câmbio não demonstrou desempenhar um papel relevante na transmissão da política monetária. Por sua vez, um aumento na taxa de juros pareceu ter maior sensibilidade na queda na atividade industrial em relação à desaceleração da inflação, com efeito de longo prazo. A pouca influência dos riscos na taxa de juros pode indicar que o Banco Central chileno consegue manter essa variável num patamar baixo, otimizando sua atuação. / The aim of this study is to investigate how monetary policies are transmitted and their effects in Brazil and Chile. For this purpose, a VEC (vector error correction) model is applied to data running from the first quarter of 1995 to the fourth quarter of 2010 for Brazil and from the first quarter of 2000 to the first of 2011 in Chilean case. Initially, in the review, a theoretical and empirical discussion of the theme is performed. Subsequently, some stylized facts about the monetary policies of Brazil and Chile and other macroeconomic variables for these countries are analyzed. The main results found by the econometric model are that the Brazilian monetary policy may be able to influence economic activity in the long run, and that is a trade-off between increased industrial production and inflation control. Additionally, keeping interest rates at a high level can result in an economic activity downturn, a rising public debt to GDP ratio and an exchange rate appreciation, which has the effect of controlling inflation, but reduces industrial activity. However, the rise in interest rates may be influenced by increases in public debt and risk. The exchange rate showed up as a relevant channel for the transmission of monetary policy, although, not exhibiting long run effects. In Chile, monetary policy seemed to act passively, with industrial production being the most important channel for the deceleration of inflation. The exchange rate has not demonstrated an important role in monetary policy transmission. Furthermore, an increase in interest rates seemed to have greater sensitivity in the fall in industrial activity in relation to the deceleration of inflation, and a long run effect. The low influence of risks in the interest rate may indicate that the Chilean Central Bank can keep this variable in a low base, optimizing its performance.

L’objectif de ces travaux est d’analyser les canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire dans le contexte d’une union monétaire. Nous avons d'abord procédé à l'analyse de la gouvernance, de l'indépendance et de la transparence du cadre institutionnel de mise en œuvre de la politique mon monétaire aire. En utilisant le modèle d'analyse de Grilli et al. (1991), il ressort que la BCEAO dispose d'un degré d'indépendance élevé, conforme aux banques centrales modernes. Ensuite, l’estimation de modèles VAR structurels sur données trimestrielles, dans lesquels les taux directeurs sont considérés comme exogènes et les autres variables faiblement exogènes, montre l’hétérogénéité・ des effets de la politique monétaire dans les pays membres de l’union et l’existence de deux principaux canaux de transmission à savoir le canal du taux interbancaire et le canal du crédit. Nos résultats confirment des effets des taux d’intérêt directeurs de faible ampleur mais significatifs sur l’inflation et l’investissement. L’effet direct des taux directeurs sur le PIB est faible et non significatif. Enfin, l’étude de la fonction de réaction de la BCEAO permet d’aborder les questions relatives à l’arbitrage entre l’inflation et la production dans la conduite de la politique monétaire. L’estimation d’une règle de Taylor modifiée, intégrant un objectif intermédiaire explicite d'avoirs extérieurs, aboutit à un arbitrage en faveur de l’activité depuis la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la politique monétaire de 1989. / The objective of this work is to analyze the transmission channels of monetary policy in the context of a monetary union. We first analyzed governance, independence and transparency of the institutional framework for implementation of monetary policy. Using the model of Grilli et al. (1991), it appears that the BCEAO has a high degree of independence to modern central banks. Then, the estimated structural VAR models on quarterly data, in which interest rates are considered exogenous and other weakly exogenous variables, shows the heterogeneity of the effects of monetary policy in the member countries of the Union and existence of two main transmission channels namely the interbank rate channel and the credit channel. Our results confirm the effects of interest rate small-scale but significant on inflation and investment. The direct effect of interest rates on GDP is small and not significant. Finally, the study of the BCEAO reaction function to address issues related to arbitration between inflation and output in the conduct of monetary policy. The estimate of a modified Taylor rule, incorporating an explicit intermediate target of foreign assets, resulting in a trade for activity since the implementation of the reform of monetary policy in 1989.