Pasaulio ekonomikos augimas, spartėjantis globalizacijos procesas, technologijų pažanga didina atstumus tarp žaliavų gavimo, gamybos ir pagamintų prekių naudojimo taškų. Gausėjant prekybinių ryšių bei plečiantis jų geografijai, didėja reikalavimai transporto ir logistikos paslaugas teikiančiam sektoriui. Regionų ekonominis augimas priklauso nuo to, kaip transporto sistema geba patenkinti žaliavų tiekėjų, gamintojų, prekybininkų ir vartotojų logistikos poreikius laiko, greičio, saugumo, sąnaudų prasmėmis. Transporto srautai ilgainiui prisitaiko prie kintamų regiono logistikos poreikių, tačiau dėl transporto sistemos inertiškumo tam sugaištama laiko. Lietuvoje reikšminga dalis bendrojo nacionalinio produkto sukuriama transporto ir logistikos sektoriuje, kadangi šalis yra stambių tranzitinių krovinių srautų kryžkelėje. Lietuvai tapus Europos Sąjungos nare, atsiveria tarptautinės prekybos augimo galimybes, Lietuva tampa Europos Sąjungos buferine zona prekybai su Rytų bloko šalimis, taigi teisinga Lietuvos transporto sistemos plėtros strategija gali suteikti Lietuvai didžiulį ekonominį potencialą, bendrojo vidaus produkto ir darbo vietų skaičiaus augimo perspektyvas. Transporto srautams užtikrinti būtina transporto infrastruktūra, kurios plėtrai yra labai svarbu nustatyti potencialius krovinių srautus. Transporto infrastruktūra labai imli kapitalui, todėl jos plėtros kryptys turi tiksliai atitikti logistikos poreikius, priešingu atveju milžiniškos investicijos nepateisinamos... [to full text] / Relevance of the dissertation is determined by the object of research – the influence of logistical factors on transport flows distribution. The growth of world economics, business globalization, progress in technology skills extends the distances between geographical points of raw materials resources, manufacturers and consumers. Due to the membership in the European Union (EU) Lithuania has got new opportunities for international trade growth, and all the Eastern Baltic countries have become the buffer region for the EU trading with the countries of the Eastern Europe and Asia. A proper transport policy and infrastructure development would increase significantly the GNP in warehousing, transport and distribution sectors. Forecasting of potential transport flows according to logistical requirements of freight suppliers is most important for transport network optimization. Scientific problem. Contemporary transport engineering theory approaches the peculiarities of transport flows formation too narrowly, only as an analysis of internal factors determining freight flows. There is no analysis of external factors. Many researchers assume that transport flows are determined only by the existing transport network and its characteristics. Other researchers consider transport flows as a result of logistic elements only. The estimating of internal and external logistical factors provides a possibility to forecast the transport flows. Aim of the research is to create a model of... [to full text]

Relevance of the dissertation is determined by the object of research – the influence of logistical factors on transport flows distribution. The growth of world economics, business globalization, progress in technology skills extends the distances between geographical points of raw materials resources, manufacturers and consumers. Due to the membership in the European Union (EU) Lithuania has got new opportunities for international trade growth, and all the Eastern Baltic countries have become the buffer region for the EU trading with the countries of the Eastern Europe and Asia. A proper transport policy and infrastructure development would increase significantly the GNP in warehousing, transport and distribution sectors. Forecasting of potential transport flows according to logistical requirements of freight suppliers is most important for transport network optimization. Scientific problem. Contemporary transport engineering theory approaches the peculiarities of transport flows formation too narrowly, only as an analysis of internal factors determining freight flows. There is no analysis of external factors. Many researchers assume that transport flows are determined only by the existing transport network and its characteristics. Other researchers consider transport flows as a result of logistic elements only. The estimating of internal and external logistical factors provides a possibility to forecast the transport flows. Aim of the research is to create a model of... [to full text] / Pasaulio ekonomikos augimas, spartėjantis globalizacijos procesas, technologijų pažanga didina atstumus tarp žaliavų gavimo, gamybos ir pagamintų prekių vartojimo taškų. Lietuva tapusi Europos Sąjungos nare, tampa Europos Sąjungos buferine zona prekybiniams mainams su Rytų Europos ir Azijos šalimis. Lietuvos transporto sistemą būtina pritaikyti esamiems ir potencialiems tarptautiniams krovinių srautams aptarnauti. Transporto srautų formavimosi išorinių veiksnių nustatymas ir įvertinimas Lietuvos transporto strategijoje gali suteikti šaliai didžiulį ekonominį potencialą.

Spatial interactions considerably influence complex geographic organisation and the shaping of settlement structures, explaining and describing the importance of interrelationships in the landscape sphere on all scale levels. This is why they are called one of the crucial general terms of geography. When it comes to this topic, the biggest emphasis on it is primarily laid in the study of transport as well as transport networks that we can consider the main support for interactions. The topic of evaluation of spatial interactions or, if defined narrowly, of transport relationships, is characteristic due to its important interdisciplinary nature because the questions of interrelatedness of individual centres and their needs in the context of transport offer are dealt with by transport engineering fields, economic fields, land-use planning specialists, etc. Similarly to other spheres of social and economic geography, where this occurred earlier, present-day geography of transport is undergoing a change in the form of a variety of methodological approaches, "internal" specification of a more detailed delineation of the subject of study and new application challenges. As a rule, the topic of intensity and nature of transport relationships is associated with quantitative methods of cognition of the...

Background: By optimizing a company's internal flows, several benefits, including reduction of waiting time and incidents, can be generated. A relevant starting point for the concept of lean production is the effort to reduce the amount of waste. A variant of an improvement tool is a so-called spaghetti diagram. This tool is considered optimal partly to reduce the amount of waste associated with the current layout and the flows that exist in the warehouse, and partly to get a picture of what safety looks like and how it could be optimized. This with regard to the way forklifts and people may relate to each other to avoid incidents, including collisions. Purpose: The purpose of the paper is, based on Volvo CE Braås logistics center, to study today's internal transport flows, its frequency and challenges associated with these in terms of safety and productivity. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine the corresponding transport flows in Volvo CE Braås logistics layout 2025, its frequency and how challenges related to safety and productivity at this stage can be addressed. Method: The study involves a qualitative approach where a case study has been conducted. Primary and secondary data has been collected in the form of both semi-structured and unstructured interviews. To create a well-founded analysis, pattern comparison has been chosen as the approach for the analysis method. This is because a theoretical basis is seen in relation to the basis that has been obtained from Volvo CE Braås, in order to obtain as well-founded a result as possible. Results: Regarding the frequency of transports in and out of the Volvo CE Braås logistics center in the current logistics layout, challenges have been identified in terms of safety and productivity. Challenges related to safety have turned out to be high frequency of internal transports, pedestrians and crossing flows. In terms of productivity, challenges also include the high frequency of internal transports and pedestrians moving in and out of the logistics center. Regarding future safety challenges in the 2025 logistics layout, they could be addressed by introducing one-way areas, optimizing the number of trucks, providing safety information and introducing automatic measurement of internal transports. In terms of productivity challenges, these could be addressed by introducing one-way areas, maintaining good communication, optimizing the number of trucks, providing safety information, offering training and introducing separate placement of AGVs and a separate loading area for trucks. / Bakgrund: Genom att optimera en verksamhets interna flöden kan flertalet fördelar, däribland reducering av väntetid och incidenter, genereras. En relevant utgångspunkt för begreppet lean production är strävan efter att reducera mängden slöserier. En variant av förbättringsverktyg är ett så kallat spagettidiagram. Detta verktyg anses vara optimalt dels för att reducera mängden slöserier med koppling till rådande layout och de flöden som existerar i lagret, dels för att få en bild av hur säkerheten ser ut och hur denna skulle kunna optimeras. Detta med avseende på vilket sätt truckar och människor får förhålla sig till varandra för att undvika incidenter, däribland kollisioner. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att, med utgångspunkt i Volvo CE Braås logistikcentrum, studera dagens interna transportflöden, dess frekvens samt utmaningar förknippade med dessa beträffande säkerhet och produktivitet. Vidare är syftet att undersöka motsvarande transportflöden i Volvo CE Braås logistiklayout 2025, dess frekvens samt hur utmaningar sett till säkerhet och produktivitet i detta skede kan angripas. Metod: Studien innefattas av ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt där en fallstudie har genomförts. För att skapa underlag till studien har primär- och sekundärdata samlats in i form av både semistrukturerade- och ostrukturerade intervjuer. För att skapa en  välgrundad analys har mönsterjämförelse valts som tillvägagångssätt för analysmetoden. Detta i och med att ett teoretiskt underlag ses i relation till det underlag som har erhållits från Volvo CE Braås, för att i sin tur erhålla ett så välgrundat resultat som möjligt. Resultat: Beträffande frekvensen av transporter inom och ut från Volvo CE Braås logistikcentrum i dagens logistiklayout, har utmaningar identifierats sett till säkerhet och produktivitet. Utmaningar med koppling till säkerhet har visat sig vara hög frekvens av de interna transporter som sker, fotgängare samt korsande flöden. Sett till produktivitet är utmaningar även här att det råder en hög frekvens av de interna transporterna samt att fotgängare rör sig inom och ut från logistikcentrum. Med avseende på framtida säkerhetsutmaningar i logistiklayouten 2025, skulle de kunna angripas genom att införa enkelriktade områden, optimera antalet truckar, ge säkerhetsinformation och införa automatisk mätning av interna transporter. Sett till produktivitetsutmaningar kan dessa angripas genom att även här införa enkelriktade områden, upprätthålla en god kommunikation, optimera antalet truckar, ge säkerhetsinformation, erbjuda utbildning och införa separat placering av AGV samt införa ett separat laddningsutrymme för truckar.