For many reasons planners in the past have failed to realize the full potential of the market system as a powerful practical and intellectual tool to be used in urban transportation planning. At a time when there is increasing evidence that past approaches to the urban transportation problem have not yielded the long term solutions that were expected, it is urgent that all alternative strategies be explored. This study addresses itself to one policy course: control of urban transportation through the deliberate use of the market mechanism. The objective of the pricing of urban transportation would be to promote a more socially desirable pattern of usage of the system through a structuring of the demand characteristics - by mode, route, time of travel, and amount of travel. Pricing may thus be used to make the trip-maker aware of, and accountable for, the social costs he incurs in the form of delays due to congestion, noise, air pollution, and so forth, and his travel behaviour would alter accordingly. Because these so-called externalities are, at present not quantifiable in monetary terms, and because of differences in individual utilities, the use of the pricing mechanism cannot displace the political decision-making, but can supplement it. This study is an evaluation of the tool of pricing control in urban transportation planning. The theoretical relationships and the rationale for use of the price mechanism are discussed, and the technical and administrative problems of implementation of a pricing scheme are evaluated. The potential impacts are examined. The practical application of the tool is explored in the context of a case study of traffic in the Lions' Gate Bridge Corridor in Vancouver. There are several compelling advantages to the use of the pricing system for achieving both short-run and long-run objectives. It is extremely flexible, adaptable, incremental, reversible, and most schemes can be implemented at very low capital cost. It can be a strategy for restraint or containment of traffic, or more generally a strategy for directing the patterns of use of the transportation system. But there are serious unanswered questions concerning the limitations of the tool - specifically the income redistribution effects and the overall effectiveness of the pricing mechanism in an increasingly affluent society. There are potential long-term impacts which will remain speculative until we have working urban simulation models. Although the direct application of pricing would be practicable in Canada in only a limited number of clearly defined situations, an understanding of the theoretical concepts will assist in the formulation of specific objectives which may then be pursued using alternate tools more suited to each set of circumstances. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This project deals with the viability of establishing a staging operation in the Alberton area which will enable Cargo Carriers Limited to improve its service in the distribution of Iscor's steel. This report discusses the logistics of the staging operation and the cost implication : a forecast is made to compare the profitability of the new operation with the existing method distribute tg i teel. Conclusions reached are: - the establishment of a staging operation will provide an improved service to Iscor at the cost of being 7 percent less profitable (in term s of return on turnover). - the cost of establishing a new depot in Alrode for the staging operation will be in the region of R5 000 000, - by shunting nnd stag in g loads o v ern ig h t In A iberton a capital saving of 27 vehicles will be achieved. T h j establishm ent of a sta g in g operation will also provide Cargo C arriers Limited with the following benefits: - improved p ro d u ctiv ity of fleet. - more flexibility of serv ice. - enough room for any fu tu re expansion of depot. - the possibility of obtaining new bu sin ess from th e larg e in d u strial companies which are located near th e new depot. Because of the operational ben efits and im proved custom er serv ice it is recommended th a t Cargo C arriers Limited pro ceed s with the establishm ent of such an operation.

Orientador: Douglas Tacla / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T11:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quagliato_GiulianoBatagin_M.pdf: 1392096 bytes, checksum: 2348fe37c161006a95ff3803b0ad4412 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Atualmente, há uma grande quantidade de pesquisas realizadas para determinar o perfil de redes de distribuição em função de conceitos existentes na literatura. Há vários estudos disponíveis que apresentam modelos com base em variáveis que ao serem combinadas entre si proporcionam determinações teóricas de redes de distribuição, tais quais, volumes, distâncias, entre outros. Em contra partida, existem no mercado empresas do setor logístico que operam através de redes de distribuição construídas com embasamento prático para atender uma demanda de clientes de qualquer parte do país ou do mundo. Sendo assim, esta dissertação de mestrado visa realizar um estudo sobre redes de distribuição comparativamente aos modelos propostos na literatura disponível e confrontar com a realidade de redes de distribuição do Brasil através de um estudo de caso. Para isso, a proposta é utilizar dados provenientes de um operador logístico para que, quando aplicados, seja possível comparar métodos propostos na literatura de redes de distribuição com resultados práticos. Feitas as comparações relevantes, cria-se um procedimento e calculam-se os custos de transportes e de armazenagem através de uma ferramenta de análise e identificam-se potenciais ganhos monetários. Por fim, a conclusão se dá com exposição dos resultados obtidos através da aplicação dos procedimentos criados e comparando as fontes sobre redes de distribuição validadas através da aplicação de dados reais. / Abstract: At the present, there is a big quantity of researches to determine the profile of the supply chain in function of existent concepts in the literature. There are several available studies that present models based on variables that while being combined between each other provide theoretical determinations of supply chain, just like, volumes, distances, between others. On the other hand, there are in the market companies of the logistics sector which operate through supply chain built with practical foundation to attend a clients' demand of any part of the country or of the world. Being so, this dissertation of master's degree aims to carry out a study on supply chain comparatively to the models proposed in the available literature and to confront with the reality of supply chain of Brazil through a case study. For that, the proposal is to use data originating from a Third Party Logistics Provider to, when applied, be possible to compare methods proposed in the literature on supply chain with practical results. When the relevant comparisons were done, a proceeding is created and the transportation and storage costs are calculated through a tool of analysis and the potential monetary profits are identified. Finally, the conclusion will be with the exhibition of the results obtained through the application of the procedures previously built and comparing with the sources on supply chain and taking the application of real case as a validation. / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Douglas Tacla / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:02:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LuizFernandoMoreirada_M.pdf: 1451507 bytes, checksum: 58e3a59b22897945f6af446c8a495907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta dissertação objetiva discutir a situação atual da logística farmacêutica na Grande São Paulo e analisar uma alternativa para a distribuição de medicamentos destinados às farmácias, sob os aspectos estratégico, tático e operacional. Esta alternativa deverá permitir a redução de custos e melhorar a eficiência desta distribuição urbana com entrega feita por meio de transporte rodoviário. Uma vez aplicada esta alternativa, espera-se uma redução nas taxas de poluição e de tráfego de veículos de entregas, com vantagens em comparação ao método atualmente utilizado pelo mercado farmacêutico. O uso da logística colaborativa no desenho da malha desta estratégia de distribuição fina é facilitado pela grande interação já existente entre as empresas do setor farmacêutico. Esta interação será ainda maior devido à publicação da Lei 11.903/09 e, mais recentemente, à regulamentação da ANVISA RDC 059/09, que torna obrigatória a coleta e troca de informação entre produtores, distribuidores e varejistas. De modo a tornar esta estratégia viável, sua composição de custos deve permitir a inserção de um parceiro de distribuição na malha atual. Este parceiro deverá estar apto a planejar e executar as entregas destinadas à região metropolitana, reduzindo o número de veículos usados na operação em comparação ao método de distribuição regular. Por se tratar de um método de distribuição em grandes centros urbanos por intermédio de um único parceiro, o ganho de escala proporcionado pode tornar viável o uso de uma frota de veículos movida a combustível limpo ou ecológico, como etanol ou eletricidade, permitindo maior redução da poluição gerada pela distribuição urbana. A forma utilizada para desenvolver este trabalho se deu pela análise de uma operação real de distribuição de medicamentos na Grande São Paulo, sua comparação com uma abordagem colaborativa para a distribuição de medicamentos na mesma região e a conclusão com base nos resultados gerados pela simulação e comparação das variáveis que influenciam o tráfego, a emissão de poluentes e os custos envolvidos com a distribuição de medicamentos em áreas urbanas. Após o desenvolvimento destes dois métodos de distribuição, eles foram aplicados às variáveis atribuídas a cada um, a partir de dados e premissas baseadas em operações reais colhidas junto a um operador logístico de distribuição de medicamentos, gerando valores comparáveis e que embasaram uma conclusão e recomendação, a partir deste estudo. Uma das premissas mais importantes deste estudo é que, adicionalmente às variáveis consideradas, esta nova configuração deve provar sua eficiência também no que se refere ao nível de serviço, isto é, a frequência e a pontualidade nas entregas urbanas, mantendo-o, no mínimo, no mesmo nível encontrado atualmente. A conclusão deste trabalho será a comparação de três variáveis entre a configuração atual - em que vários e diferentes transportadores precisam atingir lojas de varejo diariamente, entregando diversos tipos de produtos, e configuração proposta - em que apenas um transportador fará as entregas nas áreas urbanas / Abstract: This dissertation aims to discuss the current situation of pharmaceutical logistics in the São Paulo metro area and analyze an alternative for the distribution of pharmaceutical products for the drugstores and pharmacies located in the metro regions under the aspects strategic, tactic and operational. The alternative for the distribution method presented in this study shall allow a cost reduction and improve the efficiency of the urban distribution using the ground transportation. Once this alternative is applied, it will be expected a reduction in pollution and transit rates generated by this urban deliveries, bringing advantages when in comparison with the current method utilized by the pharmaceutical market. The use of collaborative logistics to design this distribution network strategy is facilitated by the great interaction already existing among the pharmaceutical industry. This interaction will be even bigger due to the issue of a new law n. 11.903/09 and a new rule from the Federal Sanitary Agency (ANVISA), n. 059/09, which states the obligation of exchanging information among industry, logistics providers, wholesalers and retailers. To make the strategy presented in this study feasible, the costs involved in its operation must to allow insert a new partner in current supply chain. This partner must be apt to plan and execute the deliveries in the metro area, reducing the number of vehicles used in this operation in comparison with the current or regular distribution method. Considering this is an urban distribution method for a big city using an unique provider, the scalability can allow the use of a clean fuel fleet, as ethanol or electricity, allowing an even bigger reduction in the pollution generated by this urban distribution piece. The methodology used was the analysis of a real operation for pharmaceutical distribution in the Sao Paulo metro area, its comparison with a collaborative approach and then the conclusion based on the results obtained through the simulation of the two scenarios using the arguments that affect the traffic, pollution and the costs involved in this distribution. The data to simulate the two scenarios were taken from a real operation of pharmaceutical distribution located in the Sao Paulo metro area. One of the most important assumptions is that this model must to prove its efficiency in the service level, assuring at least the same level provided currently. The conclusion will be the comparison between the current methods, where many different carriers need to carry goods to retail stores daily, with the proposed method, where only one carrier will provide the deliveries in the metro area / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil