As organizações em toda parte do mundo estão investindo em Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e aproveitando as vantagens dos sistemas de TI para alterar a conduta do negócio tanto no mercado interno como externo. Os recursos encontrados na TI podem aperfeiçoar o desempenho das organizações e aumentar a competitividade, sendo esta uma alternativa para enfrentar os desafios apresentados pelo mundo empresarial. É neste contexto que o impacto dos benefícios da utilização de um Sistema de Gestão de Transporte (TMS) é estudado neste trabalho. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avaliar o impacto dos benefícios do uso do sistema de gestão de transporte e sua relação no desempenho das operações de transporte das empresas e na relação com fornecedores de serviço de transporte na percepção dos usuários. Para atingir este objetivo foram identificados na literatura, fatores relevantes sobre o tema para a elaboração de um instrumento de pesquisa sobre o impacto dos benefícios de um TMS. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa survey e um modelo conceitual foi elaborado e validado, por meio de testes estatísticos. Obteve-se um total de 118 respostas válidas para análise dos dados. Esta análise utilizou modelagem de equações estruturais para a avaliação do modelo conceitual e das hipóteses de pesquisa. O resultado indica que os benefícios de um TMS têm impacto positivo no desempenho das operações de transporte, que, por sua vez, têm impacto positivo na relação com fornecedores de serviço de transporte. Na percepção dos usuários participantes da pesquisa, esse impacto positivo tem mais força para os benefícios voltados aos processos operacionais do que para os benefícios gerenciais de um TMS. / Organizations around the world are investing in Information Technology (IT) and taking advantage of IT systems to change the conduct of business in both domestic and overseas market. The resources found in IT can improve organizational performance and increase competitiveness. This has been an alternative to deal with the challenges presented by the business in the world. In this context, the benefits impact of using a Transportation Management System (TMS) are studied in this research. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the TMS benefits impact and its relation to the transport operations performance and to the transport service suppliers relationship through users’ perception. To achieve this goal, factors to measure the benefits were identified on literature to develop a survey instrument about the TMS benefits impact. The method used was a survey and a conceptual model was developed and validated by statistical tests. A total of 118 usable questionnaires were obtained. The data analysis used structural equation modeling to evaluate the conceptual model and research hypotheses. The result indicates that the TMS benefits have a positive impact on the transport operations performance and the transport operations performance has a positive impact on the transport service suppliers relationship. The users’ perception indicates that the positive impact is stronger for the operational process benefits than for the management benefits of a TMS.

As organizações em toda parte do mundo estão investindo em Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e aproveitando as vantagens dos sistemas de TI para alterar a conduta do negócio tanto no mercado interno como externo. Os recursos encontrados na TI podem aperfeiçoar o desempenho das organizações e aumentar a competitividade, sendo esta uma alternativa para enfrentar os desafios apresentados pelo mundo empresarial. É neste contexto que o impacto dos benefícios da utilização de um Sistema de Gestão de Transporte (TMS) é estudado neste trabalho. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avaliar o impacto dos benefícios do uso do sistema de gestão de transporte e sua relação no desempenho das operações de transporte das empresas e na relação com fornecedores de serviço de transporte na percepção dos usuários. Para atingir este objetivo foram identificados na literatura, fatores relevantes sobre o tema para a elaboração de um instrumento de pesquisa sobre o impacto dos benefícios de um TMS. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa survey e um modelo conceitual foi elaborado e validado, por meio de testes estatísticos. Obteve-se um total de 118 respostas válidas para análise dos dados. Esta análise utilizou modelagem de equações estruturais para a avaliação do modelo conceitual e das hipóteses de pesquisa. O resultado indica que os benefícios de um TMS têm impacto positivo no desempenho das operações de transporte, que, por sua vez, têm impacto positivo na relação com fornecedores de serviço de transporte. Na percepção dos usuários participantes da pesquisa, esse impacto positivo tem mais força para os benefícios voltados aos processos operacionais do que para os benefícios gerenciais de um TMS. / Organizations around the world are investing in Information Technology (IT) and taking advantage of IT systems to change the conduct of business in both domestic and overseas market. The resources found in IT can improve organizational performance and increase competitiveness. This has been an alternative to deal with the challenges presented by the business in the world. In this context, the benefits impact of using a Transportation Management System (TMS) are studied in this research. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the TMS benefits impact and its relation to the transport operations performance and to the transport service suppliers relationship through users’ perception. To achieve this goal, factors to measure the benefits were identified on literature to develop a survey instrument about the TMS benefits impact. The method used was a survey and a conceptual model was developed and validated by statistical tests. A total of 118 usable questionnaires were obtained. The data analysis used structural equation modeling to evaluate the conceptual model and research hypotheses. The result indicates that the TMS benefits have a positive impact on the transport operations performance and the transport operations performance has a positive impact on the transport service suppliers relationship. The users’ perception indicates that the positive impact is stronger for the operational process benefits than for the management benefits of a TMS.

Grounded in developmental theory, the Ship of Change provides a renewed look at diagnostic relationships between organizational elements, and their interactions through the lens of a metaphorical ship analogy. Elements are identified and arranged based on empirical studies from the field with causal considerations emphasized by Burke-Litwin. The model uses a two-tiered visual perspective to depict multi-dimensionality that links core organizational elements to work unit activities through the interplay of culture, communication and climate. The model is intended for both the conveyance of principles related to open systems theory, and the practical application of diagnosing organizations for planning and implementing change. The model was tested in a case study with a transportation company using multiple methods data collection including a communication satisfaction survey, workplace observations, and employee interviews. The model was used to categorize and interpret data and to inform recommendations for change.

Policy-makers, transportation researchers, and activists often assume that traffic congestion mitigation results in reduced vehicle emissions without proper justification or quantification of the benefits. If congestion mitigation is going to be tied to air quality goals, a better understanding of the impacts of traffic congestion on motor vehicle emissions is needed. This research addresses that need by investigating under which circumstances the commonly held assumption linking congestion mitigation to emissions reductions is valid. We develop and apply a mathematical framework to study the trade-offs between vehicle efficiency and travel demand that accompany travel speed changes. While the exact relationships among emissions, travel speed, and travel demand vary with location and pollutant, several consistent results arise. The potential for marginal emissions rate reductions through average travel speed adjustments is small for speeds between about 25 and 70 mph. Emissions rate sensitivity to speed increases with the fraction of heavy-duty vehicles and for certain pollutants (gaseous hydrocarbons and particulate matter), and decreases with the fraction of advanced-drivetrain vehicles, such as electric and gas-electric hybrid vehicles. But travel volume is also a key consideration for the total emissions impacts of congestion and congestion mitigation. While travel speed increases are generally expected to increase efficiency, they are also expected to increase vehicle travel volume as a result of induced demand. To explore efficiency and volume trade-offs we look at emissions break-even conditions for average speed and travel demand elasticity. Depending on the pollutant and the vehicle fleet, total emissions are only expected to decrease with increasing travel speed for initial conditions of both low demand elasticity and low average speed. Thus, higher levels of congestion do not necessarily increase emissions, nor will congestion mitigation inevitably reduce emissions. This result includes projects that seek to increase vehicle throughput from existing roadway supply through better traffic management and operations. Congestion mitigation through reduced vehicle volumes, on the other hand, presents the opportunity for additive emissions benefits through efficiency improvements and total Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) reductions. Comparing capacity-based congestion mitigation strategies with alternative emissions reduction strategies we show that where emissions reductions are possible through speed increases, the emissions benefits are likely to be more easily and cost-effectively attained by other strategies. A sketch analysis of vehicle-class segregated facilities shows that truck-only lane strategies consistently out-perform general-purpose/mixed-flow lane strategies in terms of emissions reductions. An analysis of several congestion-related performance measures shows that for reflecting emissions impacts, VMT is an essential component of performance. Thus, alternative congestion metrics such as total/excess travel distance and travel time are preferable emissions performance indicators to speed or distance-normalized delay. The Travel Time Index, in particular, poorly reflects emissions changes on congested roadways. This thesis offers several original contributions to the body of knowledge regarding congestion and emissions. First, it describes a parsimonious conceptual framework for assessing the effect of congestion on emissions. Then from that framework, several simple and original equations are presented which can be used for sketch-level planning to estimate emissions impacts from congestion mitigation. Finally, application of the framework provides quantitative support for the decoupling of congestion and emissions mitigations.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-03-14T20:44:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Fabio Aquino da Silva.doc: 5481984 bytes, checksum: 591cbbd74bd6d86b4f1ac87e34afbb17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T20:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Fabio Aquino da Silva.doc: 5481984 bytes, checksum: 591cbbd74bd6d86b4f1ac87e34afbb17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-14 / Empresas fazem investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação (TI) com o objetivo de obter vantagens no alinhamento dos sistemas de TI ao negócio da empresa. Este alinhamento entre TI e o negocio da empresa revela o desempenho das organizações e gera um aumento de sua competitividade, além de melhorar os resultados dos projetos de implantação dessas tecnologias. As operações logísticas são outra fonte de vantagens competitivas, mas quando suportadas pelas TIs têm melhores resultados. É nesta conjuntura que o impacto dos benefícios da utilização de um Sistema de Gestão de Transporte (TMS) é estudado neste trabalho, no âmbito de uma operação logística de uma indústria de bebidas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avaliar a TI em uma indústria de bebidas no Brasil, em suas operações de transporte entre fábricas e centros de distribuição. Para atingir este objetivo, o método utilizado é o estudo de caso, que teve como finalidade a investigação de situações das diversas áreas do conhecimento, e desta forma obter uma visão ampla do problema estudado. Uma das respostas após a pesquisa de campo e a análise dos resultados, é identificar através dos grupos de atributos que avaliam a contribuição do TMS o seu caráter operacional para a empresa / Companies make investment in Information Technology (IT) to align IT system advantages to their business. Alignment between IT and company's business reveals organizations performance, steps up their competitiveness, and improves the project implementation results of these technologies. Logistics operations are another source for competitive advantage, but shows better results when supported by IT. In this work, the context of Transportation Management System (TMS) impacts is studied on a beverage industry logistics operation. The overall objective of the research is to evaluate TMS in a beverage industry in Brazil, and its transport operations between factories and distribution centers. To achieve this goal, a case study method aiming to explore situations of various knowledge areas is adopted to obtain a rich view of the problem. One answer After a field search and analysis of results , and identify through the que Attribute Groups assess the contribution to TMS His character paragraph Operating Company .

This research focuses on fleet management in freight transportation systems. Effective management requires effective planning and control decisions. Plans are often generated using estimates of how the system will evolve in the future; during execution, control decisions need to be made to account for differences between actual realizations and estimates. The benefits of minimum cost plans can be negated by performing costly adjustments during the operational phase. A planning approach that permits effective control during execution is proposed in this dissertation. This approach is inspired by recent work in robust optimization, and is applied to (i) dynamic asset management and (ii) vehicle routing problems. In practice, the fleet management planning is usually decomposed in two parts; the problem of repositioning empty, and the problem of allocating units to customer demands. An alternative integrated dynamic model for asset management problems is proposed. A computational study provides evidence that operating costs and fleet sizes may be significantly reduced with the integrated approach. However, results also illustrate that not considering inherent demand uncertainty generates fragile plans with potential costly control decisions. A planning approach for the empty repositioning problem is proposed that incorporates demand and supply uncertainty using interval around nominal forecasted parameters. The intervals define the uncertainty space for which buffers need to be built into the plan in order to make it a robust plan. Computational evidence suggests that this approach is tractable. The traditional approach to address the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands (VRPSD) is through cost expectation minimization. Although this approach is useful for building routes with low expected cost, it does not directly consider the maximum potential cost that a vehicle might incur when traversing the tour. Our approach aims at minimizing the maximum cost. Computational experiments show that our robust optimization approach generates solutions with expected costs that compare favorably to those obtained with the traditional approach, but also that perform better in worst-case scenarios. We also show how the techniques developed for this problem can be used to address the VRPSD with duration constraints.

Transportation Asset Management (TAM) systems are in use at a significant number of transportation agencies. These systems can be used to effectively allocate resources and continuously inventory and monitor the condition of transportation infrastructure assets. Risk-oriented decision making is becoming an increasingly important component of the management process at many organizations, including transportation agencies. TAM systems can be used to incorporate risk assessment and risk management techniques at transportation agencies. To demonstrate the value of incorporating risk in TAM systems, an examination of the literature was performed, and a case study was conducted. This case study incorporated risk in bridge project prioritization through the utilization of data from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI), and application of Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) concepts to address uncertainty and prioritize selected bridges in the state of Georgia. The case study examines the impacts of data aggregation and disaggregation, and the incorporation of uncertainty on bridge project prioritization. Results of this analysis show that when available, disaggregate data on bridge condition should be used. In addition, uncertainty, in terms of performance risk, should be incorporated when past bridge condition data is available. Furthermore, decision-maker input is an important component of the Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) prioritization methodology used in this analysis. Decision-makers determine the relative importance of certain attributes, which is one of the strengths of this type of prioritization effort.

A real-life application in optimal route planning for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Hong Kong was performed to implement the proposed framework. A set of criteria fitting the context of Hong Kong were defined, and various optimal routing solutions with diverse compromise in different objectives were generated. The implementation of the proposed methodologies enables the avoidance of the pitfalls of preference-based techniques and the burden of generating a complete set of possible solutions, and provides decision-makers with an overview of the solution space and the possible trade-offs among the conflicting objectives. The application study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies. In light of the study results and limitations, some recommendations are provided for future research. / Effective and rational routing of DGs is one of the powerful means to mitigate the DG transportation risk. DG transportation involves multiple stakeholders playing different roles and having different objectives that are generally conflicting. The solution of such problem is to search for one or a set of "compromise" solutions rendering the best possible trade-offs for conflict resolution among different objectives. Given the multi-objective nature of the DG routing problem, multi-objective optimization (MOP) becomes a sound framework for analysis and decision-making. / The transportation of dangerous goods (DGs) can significantly affect human life and the environment if accidents occur during the transportation process. Such accidents can result in traffic disruption, fatalities, property and environmental damages. Therefore, safe DG transportation is of paramount importance, especially in high-density-living environments where population and socioeconomic activities are densely distributed over the transportation network. / This research establishes a general framework for optimal route planning for DG transportation in a high-density-living environment. Within the framework, multi-criteria risk assessment and multi-objective route planning can be efficiently solved by novel compromise programming models and high performance algorithms. Non-linearity and non-convexity often exist in the optimal DG routing problem which cannot be solved appropriately by conventional models such as the weighed sum approach. This research has proposed three novel methods to facilitate the generation of a set of optimal solutions on the Pareto front representing various trade-offs among the conflicting objectives. The proposed methodologies give full consideration to decision-makers' inclination and capability in determining the weights for different criteria. The compromise programming procedure allows decision-makers to exercise their preference structures in pursuing desired solutions rendering good compromises among different objectives. The adaptive weighting method approximates the Pareto front with a few suitable solutions to help decision-makers select the most satisfactory route without generating all of them. The genetic-algorithm-based approach uses a set of specifically designed genetic operators to efficiently capture a wide range of Pareto-optimal and near-optimal solutions, from which a decision-maker can choose the most preferred or best compromise one to implement. The diversity of methodologies provides decision-makers with more flexibility in choosing appropriate MOP methods to route DG shipments. / Li, Rongrong. / Adviser: Yee Leung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-203). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-05T11:38:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Regina Maria da Silva - 2018.pdf: 2463060 bytes, checksum: 7171a48be60cbc5aeb5f2100e0db9f9c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-05T11:41:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Regina Maria da Silva - 2018.pdf: 2463060 bytes, checksum: 7171a48be60cbc5aeb5f2100e0db9f9c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T11:41:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Regina Maria da Silva - 2018.pdf: 2463060 bytes, checksum: 7171a48be60cbc5aeb5f2100e0db9f9c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / In a context of reformist policies that have been taking place in Brazilian higher education, the process of reordering also includes changes in the institutional identities of universities, in order to meet the multiple local and regional demands. This work is aimed at the area of university transportation offered by the educational institutions themselves, analyzing the forms of intercampi transportation in Brazilian universities and other international studies. The objective of the research is to expose the feasibility of improvement and expansion of the current transportation service in the UFG, starting to offer a fixed and regular traffic line to students and servers. Formulating a new management model, according to the concepts of Banchmarking, we took as reference intermodal transport models existing in other IFES, for integration of all UFG Campuses in the Regional Goiânia, providing greater comfort and safety to the academic community. The methodology used is applied research because it involves local truths and interests. It brings a quantitative approach to understanding, characterizing and analyzing the current processes in the Transportation Division (DT) of UFG. Aiming to detail its operational aspects and present a diagnosis of the functioning of this department, the BPMN method is used with the theory of "AS IS" and "TO BE", elaborating the flowcharts of the activities. The alterations indicated are based on data received from DT referring to values of acquisition and maintenance costs of bus-type vehicles, as well as data on the number of cars trips taken and personnel. With this data a cost forecast was made to implement and execute the suggested transport service. As a result of the research, it presents aspects relevant to the implementation of this service in the UFG and also presents a management model based on the management elements currently used in the transportation sector. Finally, the redesign of the main processes and suggested new methods to perform the activities after the implementation of the proposal are presented, making a synthesis of the activities already practiced and the activities to be added with the implementation of the intercampi. As the main social contribution of this proposal, it is believed that it will be possible to add values to the organization for its academic community, such as: accessibility, security, availability, regularity, reliability, comfort, competence, credibility, courtesy and tangibility. / Em um contexto de políticas reformistas que vem ocorrendo na educação superior brasileira, o processo de reordenamento também inclui mudanças nas identidades institucionais das universidades, para atender às múltiplas demandas locais e regionais. Este trabalho é voltado para a área de transporte universitário oferecido pelas próprias instituições de ensino, analisando as formas de transporte intercampi em universidades brasileiras e outros estudos internacionais. O objetivo da pesquisa é expor a viabilidade de aprimoramento e ampliação do atual serviço de transporte na UFG, passando a oferecer uma linha de tráfego fixa e regular aos alunos e servidores. Formulando um novo modelo de gestão, segundo os conceitos do Banchmarking, tomou-se como referência modelos de transporte intercampi existentes em outras IFES, para integração de todos os Campi da UFG na Regional Goiânia, proporcionando maior conforto e segurança à comunidade acadêmica. A metodologia utilizada constitui uma pesquisa aplicada porque envolve verdades e interesses locais. Traz uma abordagem quantitativa para compreensão, caracterização e análise dos processos atuais na Divisão de Transportes (DT) da UFG. Visando detalhar seus aspectos operacionais e apresentar um diagnóstico do funcionamento deste departamento, utiliza-se o método BPMN com a teoria do “AS IS” e “TO BE”, elaborando os fluxogramas das atividades. As alterações indicadas firmam-se em dados recebidos da DT referentes a valores de custos de aquisição e manutenção dos veículos do tipo ônibus, além dos dados quanto ao volume de viagens atendidas e quanto ao quadro de pessoal. Com estes dados foi feita uma previsão de custos para implementação e execução da proposta. Como resultado da pesquisa, apresenta-se aspectos relevantes para implementação desse serviço na UFG e também apresenta-se um modelo de gestão baseado nos elementos de gestão mais utilizados atualmente no setor de transportes. Por fim, são apresentados os redesenhos dos principais processos e sugeridos novos métodos para o desempenho das atividades após a implantação da proposta, fazendo-se uma síntese das atividades já praticadas e das atividades a serem acrescentadas com a implementação do intercampi. Como principal contribuição social desta proposta, acredita-se que será possível agregar valores à organização para sua comunidade acadêmica, como: acessibilidade, segurança, disponibilidade, regularidade, confiabilidade, conforto, competência, credibilidade, cortesia e tangibilidade.

In this thesis, we study two stochastic vehicle routing problems. In the first part, we investigate a routing problem where the distributor wants to construct a set of delivery routes each day to serve a set of geographically dispersed customers, but wants to send the same driver to the same set of customers as much as possible due to business requirements. The stochastic nature of customer demands and the existence of hard delivery time windows make this fixed routes problem much harder. We introduce a new recourse policy based on limited vehicle sharing and develop heuristic approaches for constructing fixed routes respecting the new policy for large real-life instances. Among the key contributions is the introduction of sampling-based techniques to handle the feasibility issues arising from hard delivery windows. An extensive computational study based on real-life data demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed fixed routing system and route construction techniques. In the second part, we investigate the new policy in an abstract setting to understand its properties. We characterize the optimal traditional fixed routes solution in terms of total expected cost for simple instances of the problem. Next we present a series of results for the new policy. For example, we show that operational feasibility of a set of fixed routes can be checked in polynomial time, but identifying the optimal use of fixed routes is NP-complete. In the final part, we focus on a dynamic and stochastic routing problem, which arises when there are service level agreements in place between a distributor and its customers. Specifically, the distributor has to serve customer orders within two days after the order is received, but has the flexibility to choose the actual delivery day. However, future customer orders are unknown and are revealed dynamically through time. We develop heuristic and optimal policies for simple instances of the problem that use the stochastic information about future orders. We empirically compare the performance of the various policies with the performance of policies that do not use future information and with an offline optimal policy which has perfect information about future orders.