There is a lack of stability data for in-use parenteral drugs. Manufacturers state a shelf-life of 24 hours for infusions based on microbiological contamination. The lack of data is of particular significance with protein-based drugs where action is determined by their complex structure. A range of techniques are required to assess stability, including biological assessment to support other data. There has been an increase in published data but often the few studies that address in-use stability are incomplete as they do not employ biological assessment to assess potency. Trastuzumab is an antibody-based drug used to treat cancers where the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is over expressed or over abundant on the cell surface. Trastuzumab infusions have been assigned by the manufacturer to be stable for 24 hours at temperatures not exceeding 30 oC. If stability is shown beyond this point it would enable extended storage and administration. To this end, methods were selected and developed with biological assessment central to the approach to assess clinically relevant infusion concentrations (0.5 mg/mL and 6.0 mg/mL) and a sub-clinical infusion concentration (0.1 mg/mL). This may enhance instability and provide opportunity to study degradation. A Cell Counting Kit CCK8 (Sigma Aldrich) was ultimately adopted as a basis for a colorimetric assay to assess cell viability. Attenuated Total Reflectance Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Size Exclusion Chromatography methods were developed to evaluate secondary structure and aggregation respectively. These methods were applied to a shelf-life study (43 days) as a collaboration with Quality Control North West (NHS) and Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Hospital. There was no evidence of degradation and no loss efficacy for clinically relevant infusions (0.5 mg/mL and 6.0 mg/mL) over 43 days, whilst the sub-clinical infusions (0.1 mg/mL) developed particles after 7 days of storage between 2 oC and 8 oC. Furthermore, evidence of stability at day 119 gave increased confidence for the data from earlier time points. This work assisted in the shelf-life being recommended to be extended to 28 days for Trastuzumab stored in polyolefin IV bags at concentrations between 0.5 mg/mL and 6.0 mg/mL with 0.9% saline between 2 oC and 8 oC. However, infusions with concentrations below 0.5 mg/mL were not recommended for storage.

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-21T18:41:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade, Thays Santos de [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 467886 bytes, checksum: 9f9c6acd0d2516bb655fb10868b2db29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T18:41:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade, Thays Santos de [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 467886 bytes, checksum: 9f9c6acd0d2516bb655fb10868b2db29 (MD5) / O câncer de mama é o tipo que mais acomete as mulheres em todo o mundo. Aproximadamente 30-50% dos pacientes diagnosticados nos estágios iniciais desenvolverão doença metastática, considerada incurável. Nesta fase da doença, as terapias objetivam prolongar a sobrevida e proporcionar controle paliativo dos sintomas. O trastuzumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal dirigido contra o receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico humano (HER2), vem aumentando as taxas de respostas, sobrevida livre de progressão e/ou sobrevida global no câncer de mama, tendo sido recentemente incorporado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para tratamento de câncer de mama inicial e localmente avançado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de avaliações de custo-efetividade do trastuzumabe em pacientes com câncer de mama metastático com superexpressão de HER2. Foram realizadas buscas, entre o período de 1998 a 2013, em seis bases de dados eletrônicas, duas ferramentas de busca na internet, além de pesquisa manual de referências. Foram considerados artigos em inglês, espanhol e português, sendo excluídos comentários, editoriais, cartas, estudos de caso, artigos de revisão, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises. As etapas de seleção dos estudos e extração dos dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes, e dúvidas foram resolvidas por um terceiro revisor. Os estudos foram avaliados em relação à qualidade seguindo abordagens empregadas por Teerawattananon et al. (2007). A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da conversão dos custos e de observações das razões incrementais de custo-efetividade do trastuzumabe. Foram identificados 521 estudos, todos em inglês. Destes, descartou-se 455 (294 por não atenderem os critérios da revisão e 161 duplicatas). Sessenta e seis estudos foram incluídos para leitura dos resumos, resultando em 24 para leitura completa do texto. No total, 13 estudos compuseram esta revisão. Os esquemas terapêuticos adotados nas análises de custo-efetividade foram variados. Oito estudos compararam o tratamento do trastuzumabe como 1ª linha para doença metastática e cinco estudos como 2ª linha, sendo que três destes utilizaram o trastuzumabe como comparador na avaliação econômica e não como intervenção. Todos os estudos que utilizaram o trastuzumabe como 2ª linha de tratamento, não consideraram a intervenção custo-efetiva. Em relação à qualidade dos estudos incluídos, estes apresentaram uma boa qualidade, visto que a maioria cumpriu as diretrizes metodológicas de avaliação de custo-efetividade e utilizaram boas evidências na estimativa dos parâmetros. Finalmente, as análises utilizaram diferentes limiares para determinar se o tratamento com o trastuzumabe foi custo-efetivo, bem como diferenças na modelagem dos custos, desfechos e padrões de tratamento. O uso de trastuzumabe, associado ou não, foi custo-efetivo como tratamento de 1ª linha, diferentemente de quando usado como 2ª linha. Foram encontradas diferenças quanto à qualidade dos estudos incluídos. É necessária a realização de novas avaliações de custo-efetividade do trastuzumabe no câncer de mama metastático que, aliadas a fatores administrativos, sociais e políticos, embasem os gestores na tomada de decisão quanto à sua incorporação / Breast cancer is the type that affects more women worldwide. Approximately 30-50 % of patients diagnosed in the early stages will develop metastatic disease, which is considered incurable. At this stage of the disease, therapies aimed prolong survival and provide palliative symptom control. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeted to the receptor of the human epidermal growth factor (HER2), has increased response rates, progression-free survival and/or overall survival in breast cancer and has recently been incorporated by the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) for treatment of early and locally advanced breast cancer. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness analyses of trastuzumab in patients with metastatic breast cancer overexpressing HER2. Searches were conducted between the period 1998-2013, on six electronic databases, two generic searches on the Internet, as well as manual search of references. We considered articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese, being excluded reviews, editorials, letters, case studies, review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The stages of study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers, and doubts were resolved by one third reviewer. Studies were assessed for quality according to approaches employed by Teerawattananon et al (2007). Data analysis was performed from the conversion of the costs and comments of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of trastuzumab were made. A quantity of 521 studies, all in English, was identified. Of these, we discarded 455 (294 did not meet the criteria for review and 161 duplicates). Sixty-six studies were included for reading the abstracts, resulting in 24 to read the full text. In total, 13 studies composed this review. The treatment regimens adopted on cost-effectiveness evaluations were varied. Eight studies compared the treatment of trastuzumab as 1st line for metastatic disease and five studies as 2nd line, which three of these used trastuzumab as comparator in the economic evaluation and not as an intervention. All studies using trastuzumab as 2nd line treatment did not consider it as a cost-effective intervention. Regarding the quality of the included studies, they showed a good quality, since most fulfilled the methodological guidelines for assessing costeffectiveness and used good evidence in the estimation of parameters. Finally, the evaluations used different thresholds to determine whether treatment with trastuzumab was cost-effective as well as differences in modeling costs, outcomes and treatment regimens. The use of trastuzumab, alone or associated, was cost-effective as treatment of 1st line, unlike when used as 2nd line. Differences were found in the quality of the included studies. Conducting new cost-effectiveness analyses of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer, allied to political, social and administrative factors, which helps decision makers about its incorporation, is required

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-28T17:15:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade, Thays Santos de [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 467886 bytes, checksum: 9f9c6acd0d2516bb655fb10868b2db29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T17:15:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade, Thays Santos de [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 467886 bytes, checksum: 9f9c6acd0d2516bb655fb10868b2db29 (MD5) / O câncer de mama é o tipo que mais acomete as mulheres em todo o mundo. Aproximadamente 30-50% dos pacientes diagnosticados nos estágios iniciais desenvolverão doença metastática, considerada incurável. Nesta fase da doença, as terapias objetivam prolongar a sobrevida e proporcionar controle paliativo dos sintomas. O trastuzumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal dirigido contra o receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico humano (HER2), vem aumentando as taxas de respostas, sobrevida livre de progressão e/ou sobrevida global no câncer de mama, tendo sido recentemente incorporado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para tratamento de câncer de mama inicial e localmente avançado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de avaliações de custo-efetividade do trastuzumabe em pacientes com câncer de mama metastático com superexpressão de HER2. Foram realizadas buscas, entre o período de 1998 a 2013, em seis bases de dados eletrônicas, duas ferramentas de busca na internet, além de pesquisa manual de referências. Foram considerados artigos em inglês, espanhol e português, sendo excluídos comentários, editoriais, cartas, estudos de caso, artigos de revisão, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises. As etapas de seleção dos estudos e extração dos dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes, e dúvidas foram resolvidas por um terceiro revisor. Os estudos foram avaliados em relação à qualidade seguindo abordagens empregadas por Teerawattananon et al. (2007). A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da conversão dos custos e de observações das razões incrementais de custo-efetividade do trastuzumabe. Foram identificados 521 estudos, todos em inglês. Destes, descartou-se 455 (294 por não atenderem os critérios da revisão e 161 duplicatas). Sessenta e seis estudos foram incluídos para leitura dos resumos, resultando em 24 para leitura completa do texto. No total, 13 estudos compuseram esta revisão. Os esquemas terapêuticos adotados nas análises de custo-efetividade foram variados. Oito estudos compararam o tratamento do trastuzumabe como 1ª linha para doença metastática e cinco estudos como 2ª linha, sendo que três destes utilizaram o trastuzumabe como comparador na avaliação econômica e não como intervenção. Todos os estudos que utilizaram o trastuzumabe como 2ª linha de tratamento, não consideraram a intervenção custo-efetiva. Em relação à qualidade dos estudos incluídos, estes apresentaram uma boa qualidade, visto que a maioria cumpriu as diretrizes metodológicas de avaliação de custo-efetividade e utilizaram boas evidências na estimativa dos parâmetros. Finalmente, as análises utilizaram diferentes limiares para determinar se o tratamento com o trastuzumabe foi custo-efetivo, bem como diferenças na modelagem dos custos, desfechos e padrões de tratamento. O uso de trastuzumabe, associado ou não, foi custo-efetivo como tratamento de 1ª linha, diferentemente de quando usado como 2ª linha. Foram encontradas diferenças quanto à qualidade dos estudos incluídos. É necessária a realização de novas avaliações de custo-efetividade do trastuzumabe no câncer de mama metastático que, aliadas a fatores administrativos, sociais e políticos, embasem os gestores na tomada de decisão quanto à sua incorporação / Breast cancer is the type that affects more women worldwide. Approximately 30-50 % of patients diagnosed in the early stages will develop metastatic disease, which is considered incurable. At this stage of the disease, therapies aimed prolong survival and provide palliative symptom control. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeted to the receptor of the human epidermal growth factor (HER2), has increased response rates, progression-free survival and/or overall survival in breast cancer and has recently been incorporated by the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) for treatment of early and locally advanced breast cancer. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness analyses of trastuzumab in patients with metastatic breast cancer overexpressing HER2. Searches were conducted between the period 1998-2013, on six electronic databases, two generic searches on the Internet, as well as manual search of references. We considered articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese, being excluded reviews, editorials, letters, case studies, review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The stages of study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers, and doubts were resolved by one third reviewer. Studies were assessed for quality according to approaches employed by Teerawattananon et al (2007). Data analysis was performed from the conversion of the costs and comments of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of trastuzumab were made. A quantity of 521 studies, all in English, was identified. Of these, we discarded 455 (294 did not meet the criteria for review and 161 duplicates). Sixty-six studies were included for reading the abstracts, resulting in 24 to read the full text. In total, 13 studies composed this review. The treatment regimens adopted on cost-effectiveness evaluations were varied. Eight studies compared the treatment of trastuzumab as 1st line for metastatic disease and five studies as 2nd line, which three of these used trastuzumab as comparator in the economic evaluation and not as an intervention. All studies using trastuzumab as 2nd line treatment did not consider it as a cost-effective intervention. Regarding the quality of the included studies, they showed a good quality, since most fulfilled the methodological guidelines for assessing costeffectiveness and used good evidence in the estimation of parameters. Finally, the evaluations used different thresholds to determine whether treatment with trastuzumab was cost-effective as well as differences in modeling costs, outcomes and treatment regimens. The use of trastuzumab, alone or associated, was cost-effective as treatment of 1st line, unlike when used as 2nd line. Differences were found in the quality of the included studies. Conducting new cost-effectiveness analyses of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer, allied to political, social and administrative factors, which helps decision makers about its incorporation, is required

Notre travail s’est focalisé sur l’utilisation du trastuzumab‐immunoPET afin d’étudier et deguider une approche nouvelle visant à surmonter la résistance au médicament trastuzumab,causée par la surexpression de MUC4 dans le cancer du sein.Pour ce faire, nous avons préparé et utilisé du 89Zr‐trastuzumab dans le but de suivresa capacité de liaison au récepteur HER2 ainsi que son accumulation dans des cellulescancéreuses mammaires. Ensuite, nous avons formulé l’hypothèse que des agentsmucolytiques, tels que la N‐Acétylcystéine (NAC), en démêlant les réseaux formés par lesmucines, permettent l’amélioration de la captation du radiotraceur in vitro et in vivo. Eneffet, l’addition du NAC a occasionné une accumulation significative de 89Zr‐trastuzumab,sans altération ni changement de l’affinité de liaison au récepteur. Ceci semble égalementproduire une meilleure sensibilité des imageries PET dans le modèle animal choisi.Dans une seconde étape, nous avons évalué, dans un modèle murin de cancer du seinrésistant au trastuzumab et surexprimant la MUC4, si cette captation accrue se traduit parun bénéfice thérapeutique en utilisant le NAC combiné au trastuzumab. Nous avons obtenuun effet inhibiteur qui réduit de moitié la croissance tumorale, comparable à celui observépour la tumeur mammaire sensible au trastuzumab (implantée dans le même animal).En conclusion, notre étude démontre l’efficacité de l’utilisation de traceurs PETsurtout à visée théranostique, comme c’est le cas du 89Zr‐trastuzumab, pour étudier etévaluer la résistance aux médicaments ciblés apparentés au radiotraceur lui‐même. Ellepropose l’utilisation du NAC pour améliorer l’accessibilité du récepteur pour le radiotraceurainsi que pour le médicament « froid » ouvrant, de ce fait, une perspective vers uneutilisation clinique chez un sous‐type de patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22887号 / 医博第4681号 / 新制||医||1048(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 小川 誠司, 教授 藤田 恭之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Background: Chemotherapeutic agents directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) have significantly improved the prognosis of patients who are positive for this receptor. However, cardiomyopathy remains as a common adverse effect of using these agents. Materials and Methods: Literature search was conducted via PubMed using the keywords of "Trastuzumab Cardiomyopathy," "Lapatinib Cardiomyopathy" and "Pertuzumab Cardiomyopathy," which provided 104 results. These articles were then screened for relevance to the targeted subject based on their title and abstracts. Case reports and articles that were not discussing any aspect of cardiomyopathy secondary to targeted therapy for breast cancer and articles not in English were eliminated. After elimination, a bibliography search among selected articles was done and a total of 46 articles were identified. The collected articles were then meticulously analyzed and summarized. Results: The use of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) receptor targeted chemotherapy in breast cancer is limited because of a higher incidence (19-22%) of cardiomyopathy. The incidence of cardiomyopathy is not dose dependent and in most cases it is reversible after discontinuation of the drug and treatment with heart failure medications. Severe adverse outcomes including death or permanent disability are rare. Conclusion: HER-2 targeted chemotherapy for breast cancer has a higher incidence of associated reversible cardiomyopathy. Patients should be monitored by serial echocardiography starting at the beginning of the treatment and followed by every 3 months until the completion of chemotherapy. Co-ordination between oncologists and cardiologists is needed to develop evidence-based protocols to prevent, identify, monitor and treat trastuzumab-induced cardiomyopathy.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12879号 / 論農博第2806号 / 新制||農||1028(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4878(農学部図書室) / 31597 / (主査)教授 植田 和光, 教授 植田 充美, 教授 矢﨑 一史 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20052号 / 医博第4160号 / 新制||医||1018(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 戸井 雅和, 教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 小川 修 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23568号 / 医博第4782号 / 新制||医||1054(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 小川 誠司, 教授 戸井 雅和 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiographic syndrome that presents with neurological manifestations, including seizures, headache, or confusion, and is associated with posterior cerebral white matter edema on imaging. PRES is typically a benign and reversible condition. However, PRES can be fatal or associated with permanent deficits. Numerous conditions are associated with PRES, including hypertensive encephalopathy, renal diseases, and cytotoxic or immunosuppressant drugs. Recently, many case reports described the association between PRES and chemotherapeutic agents. However, trastuzumab-associated PRES is rarely reported. Herein, we report a case of a 51-year-old female with a history of metastatic gastric cancer who developed seizures while being treated with trastuzumab, and neuroimaging confirmed the diagnosis of PRES.