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published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

Objectius. Conèixer l’evolució del perfil del viatger durant el període 2003-2008. Pels atesos el 2008, caracteritzar l’adherència a les recomanacions i la incidència de problemes de salut relacionats amb el viatge. Mètodes. Estudi transversal pel període esmentat i seguiment de la cohort dels atesos el 2008. La informació es va obtenir de la fitxa del viatger (previatge) i d’una enquesta telefònica a la tornada. Es va mesurar la prevalença i la tendència lineal al llarg del període, l’adherència a les recomanacions i la incidència i el risc relatiu de problemes de salut. Resultats. Al llarg del període, es va produir un augment de la demanda i del risc dels viatges, tant en autòctons com en immigrants. Llevat de les vacunacions, es van observar deficiències en l’adherència i el seguiment de les recomanacions durant el viatge, especialment en immigrants. Una tercera part va presentar problemes de salut durant el viatge, bàsicament gastrointestinals. Els immigrants perceben menys el risc però milloren amb el temps d’arribada. Conclusions. Les recomanacions han de tenir en compte les actituds, les motivacions i la disponibilitat al canvi. / Objetivos. Conocer la evolución del perfil del viajero durante el periodo 2003-2008. Para los atendidos en el 2008, caracterizar la adherencia a las recomendaciones y la incidencia de problemas de salud relacionados con el viaje. Métodos. Estudio transversal del periodo mencionado y seguimiento de la cohorte de los atendidos durante 2008. La información se obtuvo de la ficha del viajero (previaje) y de una encuesta telefónica realizada al regreso. Se midieron la prevalencia y la tendencia lineal a lo largo del periodo, la adherencia a las recomendaciones y la incidencia y el riesgo relativo de problemas de salud. Resultados. A lo largo del periodo se produjo un aumento de la demanda y del riesgo de los viajes, tanto en autóctonos como en inmigrantes. Excepto en lo relativo a las vacunaciones se observaron deficiencias en la adherencia y seguimiento de las recomendaciones durante el viaje, especialmente por parte de los inmigrantes. Una tercera parte presentaron problemas de salud durante el viaje, básicamente gastrointestinales. Los inmigrantes perciben menos el riesgo pero esta percepción mejora a medida que aumenta el tiempo de estancia en nuestro país. Conclusiones. Las recomendaciones han de tener en cuenta las actitudes, motivaciones y disponibilidad para el cambio. / Objectives. Determine the evolution of the traveler’s profile during the period 2003-2008 and, for those demanding attention in 2008, describe the adherence to the recommendations and the incidence of health problems related to the trip. Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study with those demanding attention during that period and a cohort study for those demanding in 2008. The information was obtained from the encounter before travel and the telephone survey performed when coming back. We measured the prevalence and the linear trend over the period, adherence to the recommendations and the incidence and relative risk of health problems. Results. Throughout the period, there was an increase in demand and the risk of trips, both local as immigrants. Except for vaccinations, deficiencies were observed in the adherence of the recommendations during the trip (starting and keeping on), especially in immigrants. One third had health problems during the trip, mostly gastrointestinal. Immigrants perceive less risk but improve with time of arrival. Conclusions. The recommendations must take into account the attitudes, motivations and availability to change.

Environmental changes significantly impact health behavior. Active travel behavior is mostly affected by increasing motorization, urban sprawl, and traffic safety. Especially for children, active and independent travel can contribute to physical activity, social and motor development, and other health-related outcomes. A reduced number of children engaging in independent mobility over the last 20 years demanded researchers to further examine the construct of children’s independent mobility. By examining relevant literature, this narrative review aims to provide the current state of knowledge on children’s independent mobility, and identify future directions in research, as well as practical implications. From a public health perspective, considering children’s independent mobility in intervention programs is recommended, since it is associated with numerous health and environmental benefits. To develop interventions, multilevel socio-ecological influences on children’s independent mobility are widely examined; however, evidence is limited due to heterogeneous measurements and a lack of high-quality prospective studies. To oppose the decline in children’s independent mobility, further analysis using comparable measures is needed to understand the determinants of children’s independent mobility and to enable international comparison.