Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 555213 bytes, checksum: c3880af5fd491ee5833d7c27313493f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-10 / Every year, thousands of new cases of cancer appear all around the world in human beings. In Brazil around 460.000 are notified every year. In the veterinary medicine an increase of the cases of neoplasics has been noted, mainly among the pets, due to elevation of the expectative of life in dogs and cats. These aspects show the necessity to study and to implant new protocols for treatment of these tumors. The discovery of the transplantation of the tumors favoured the study of the behaviour of several cancers. The Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT), was the model used in mice BALB/c inoculated with this tumor in the interescapular subcutaneus region, growing in the solid form, to evaluate the behaviour chemotherapyc of the dexamethasone (DEX) and doxorubicin (DOX) used into the lesion. DEX was used in 0,1mg/cm³ and 0,2mg/cm³ of tumoral mass to each 48 h in three applications. DOX was used in two doses of 25mg/m² with intervals of 15 days between the two applications. These chemotherapycs were also studies "in vitro" in the cell culture of TAE, being DEX in the concentrations of 1 and 2 µM and DOX in the 0,5mg/ml and 1,0mg/ml of complete RPMI-1640 medium. To verify the percentage of inhibition of the cell growth for the drugs, the times established for the counting of the cells were 1, 2, 3and 24 hours after the drugs administration. The macroscopic reduction of the tumoral mass was evaluated immediately through the measurement with analogical pachemetric before each treatment and after the last chemotherapic section. To histologycal evaluation of TAE after treatments slides were stained with hematoxilin-eosin. The following parameters were observed: density of the cellular population, occurrence of mitosis, apoptotics bodies, and intensity of the inflammatory cells. The detection of the apoptotics bodies was done by the immunofluorescence assay with acridin orange, where the presence of the innumerous apoptotics bodies can be observed in the two treatments. The results of the morphometry of the tumor show a sharp effect of DEX in the reduction of the tumoral mass. In the treatment for DOX did not have macroscopic reduction; however inhibition of growth in the treated group in relation to the control group was noticed. The treatment of the cell culture of TAE showed that DEX has more precocious effect evidencing that these cells possess receptors for glucocorticoid. The cells treated with DOX answered to the treatment after 24 h, confirming the necessity of longer treatment cycles for this tumor. The histologycal analysis after the treatments confirmed the characteristics of this tumor. However, it was not possible to determine if the necrosis occurrence is a natural characteristic of the tumor or if the necrosis increase was an action of the chemotherapycs. / Todos os anos surgem milhares de novos casos de câncer em seres humanos em todo o mundo. No Brasil, em torno de 460.000 são notificados a cada ano. Na medicina veterinária tem-se observado um aumento dos casos de neoplasias, principalmente entre os animais de estimação, devido à elevação da expectativa de vida de cães e gatos, o que tem levado à necessidade de estudar e implantar novos esquemas de tratamento dessas neoplasias. A descoberta da transplantabilidade dos tumores favoreceu o estudo do comportamento de vários tipos de câncer. O tumor ascítico de Ehrlich (TAE) inoculado na região interescapular de camundongos BALB/c foi o modelo experimental utilizado para se avaliar o comportamento quimioterápico da dexametasona (DEX) injetada intralesional nas doses de 0,1mg/cm³ e 0,2mg/cm³ de massa tumoral a cada 48 h num total de três aplicações, e a doxorrubicina (DOX) na dose de 25mg/m² com intervalos de 15 dias em duas aplicações. Estes quimioterápicos também foram estudados in vitro na cultura de células do TAE. A DEX foi utilizada nas concentrações de 1,0 e 2,0 µM, e a DOX nas doses de 0,5mg/ml e 1,0mg/ml de meio RPMI-1640 completo, para verificar a porcentagem de inibição do crescimento pelas drogas. A redução macroscópica da massa tumoral foi avaliada através da medição com paquímetro analógico imediatamente antes de cada tratamento e após a última seção quimioterápica. Para a avaliação histológica do TAE após tratamentos, foram utilizadas sessões coradas com hematoxilina-eosina. Os seguintes parâmetros foram observados: densidade da população celular, ocorrência de mitose, corpos apoptóticos e intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório. A detecção de corpos apoptóticos foi por imunofluorescência corados pelo laranja de acridina, onde se observaram inúmeros corpos apoptóticos nos dois tratamentos. Os resultados da morfometria tumoral evidenciaram um efeito pronunciado da DEX, na redução da massa tumoral. O tratamento pela DOX não apresentou redução macroscópica; porém, notou-se uma inibição de crescimento no grupo tratado em relação ao controle. O tratamento da cultura de células do TAE mostrou que a DEX tem efeito mais precoce evidenciando a presença de receptores para glicocorticóides; entretanto, as células tratadas com DOX responderam ao tratamento a partir de 24 h, confirmando a necessidade de ciclos de tratamento mais longos para este tumor. A análise histológica após os tratamentos confirmou as características deste tumor como: presença de necrose, pequena quantidade de células inflamatórias, estroma escasso. No entanto não foi possível determinar se a presença de necrose é característica natural do tumor ou se ocorreu aumento pela ação dos quimioterápicos.

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar e estudar formas de tratamento de águas residuárias de indústrias de refino de óleo lubrificante e de recuperação de solventes. A fase preliminar teve por objetivo avaliar a biodegradabilidade do despejo combinado dessas duas indústrias. A segunda foi realizada em instalação piloto composta, basicamente, de uma unidade de arraste com ar/tanque de equalização, tanques de correção de pH e de aeração com tempos de detenção distintos, seguidos de tanques de sedimentação. Foram executados testes para avaliar a remoção de material solúvel em n-hexano do despejo da indústria de refino de óleo lubrificante e do efluente final. A unidade de arraste com ar difuso operando com subpressão de 15 mmhg a saída dos gases, vazão específica de ar de 20 ml/l min. E tempo de detenção de 5 dias foi eficiente na remoção de acetona, piridina, benzeno, tolueno, hexano, metil etil cetona e provavelmente solventes clorados. Não apresentou remoção significativa de álcoois, que foram eficientemente degradados no sistema biológico subsequente. Obteve-se remoções superiores a 90%, em termos de dbo e dqo, no processo biológico com tempos de detenção de 20 e 30 dias, e em torno de 80% para os demais. Os sistemas biológicos responderam bem as cargas transientes de solventes, exceto para o tolueno e o álcool isopropílico. / Traditionally, raw materials from solvent recovery and from reclaimed lubricating oil industries are considered hazardous solid waste. Consequently, the best control technology is incineration. This work was developed in order to characterize and to study ways of treating wastewaters from lubricating oil refinery and solvent recovery industries. The experimental part was divided in two phases. The preliminar step aimed to evaluate the biodegradability of combined wastewater from both industries. The second phase was basically carried out in a pilot plant composed by an air stripping unit/equalization tank, pH correction tanks and bioreactors with different retention times, followed by sedimentation tanks. Other than these assays, tests were performed to evaluate the removal of soluble material in n-hexane of the wastewater of the lubricating oil refinery industry and of the supernatant of the sedimentation tank after the bioreactor of 20 days retention.The buble aeration unit operating with a 15 mmHg suppresion to the gas exit, with a specific air flow of 20 mL/L.min. and with a retention time of 5 days was efficient to remove acetone, pyridine, benzene, toluene, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone and probably chlorinated solvents. There was no significative removal of alcohols, that were efficiently degraded in the subsequent biological system. BOD and COD removal efficiencies were better than 90% in the biological process with retention times of 20 and 30 days, and about 80% for the rest. The responses of biological systems to the transient inputs of solvents were well, except for toluene and isopropilic alcohol. Several physico-chemical processes for soluble material in n-hexane removal were studied. The only one to present effluent concentration under the legal limit was the addition of the sodium xylene-sulphonate base demulsifier to the supernatant of the sedimentation tank the bioreactor of 20 days retention.

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar e estudar formas de tratamento de águas residuárias de indústrias de refino de óleo lubrificante e de recuperação de solventes. A fase preliminar teve por objetivo avaliar a biodegradabilidade do despejo combinado dessas duas indústrias. A segunda foi realizada em instalação piloto composta, basicamente, de uma unidade de arraste com ar/tanque de equalização, tanques de correção de pH e de aeração com tempos de detenção distintos, seguidos de tanques de sedimentação. Foram executados testes para avaliar a remoção de material solúvel em n-hexano do despejo da indústria de refino de óleo lubrificante e do efluente final. A unidade de arraste com ar difuso operando com subpressão de 15 mmhg a saída dos gases, vazão específica de ar de 20 ml/l min. E tempo de detenção de 5 dias foi eficiente na remoção de acetona, piridina, benzeno, tolueno, hexano, metil etil cetona e provavelmente solventes clorados. Não apresentou remoção significativa de álcoois, que foram eficientemente degradados no sistema biológico subsequente. Obteve-se remoções superiores a 90%, em termos de dbo e dqo, no processo biológico com tempos de detenção de 20 e 30 dias, e em torno de 80% para os demais. Os sistemas biológicos responderam bem as cargas transientes de solventes, exceto para o tolueno e o álcool isopropílico. / Traditionally, raw materials from solvent recovery and from reclaimed lubricating oil industries are considered hazardous solid waste. Consequently, the best control technology is incineration. This work was developed in order to characterize and to study ways of treating wastewaters from lubricating oil refinery and solvent recovery industries. The experimental part was divided in two phases. The preliminar step aimed to evaluate the biodegradability of combined wastewater from both industries. The second phase was basically carried out in a pilot plant composed by an air stripping unit/equalization tank, pH correction tanks and bioreactors with different retention times, followed by sedimentation tanks. Other than these assays, tests were performed to evaluate the removal of soluble material in n-hexane of the wastewater of the lubricating oil refinery industry and of the supernatant of the sedimentation tank after the bioreactor of 20 days retention.The buble aeration unit operating with a 15 mmHg suppresion to the gas exit, with a specific air flow of 20 mL/L.min. and with a retention time of 5 days was efficient to remove acetone, pyridine, benzene, toluene, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone and probably chlorinated solvents. There was no significative removal of alcohols, that were efficiently degraded in the subsequent biological system. BOD and COD removal efficiencies were better than 90% in the biological process with retention times of 20 and 30 days, and about 80% for the rest. The responses of biological systems to the transient inputs of solvents were well, except for toluene and isopropilic alcohol. Several physico-chemical processes for soluble material in n-hexane removal were studied. The only one to present effluent concentration under the legal limit was the addition of the sodium xylene-sulphonate base demulsifier to the supernatant of the sedimentation tank the bioreactor of 20 days retention.