The subsidized island biogeography hypothesis proposes that nutrient subsidies, those translocated from one ecosystem to another, can indirectly influence species richness on islands by directly increasing terrestrial productivity. However, the lack of a formal statistical model makes it difficult to assess the strength of the hypothesis. I created a formal subsidized island biogeography model to determine how nutrient subsidies, in addition to area and distance from mainland, influence tree species richness. My model showed that an increase in terrestrial nitrogen abundance results in a decrease of tree species richness. Soil and plant δ 15N values were higher than expected and it is likely that nutrient subsidies from the marine environment are responsible for 15N enrichment. However, the range of observed nitrogen abundance is similar to inland coastal-zone forests, indicating that islands are similarly nitrogen deprived and may not be receiving enough nutrient subsidies to alter productivity. Tree species decline may therefore be more strongly related to the environmental conditions leading to patterns of nitrogen abundance rather than the abundance of nitrogen itself. Additionally, I proposed that bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are vectors of nutrient subsidies, depositing nutrient-rich guano at nest sites, which could alter soil chemistry and vegetation composition. In an exploratory study of seven nest sites, I found higher soil phosphorous at eagle nest sites relative to control sites (~ 33% higher). Phosphorous is a limiting nutrient in coastal temperate forests, additions help to alleviate chlorosis and slow growth especially when paired with nitrogen. Higher potassium concentration also occurred on eagle-inhabited islands but was not associated specifically with current nest sites, perhaps reflecting differential persistence of macronutrients in the soil. Despite expectations, soil δ 15N abundance was not statistically higher at eagle nest sites. Total soil nitrogen was also not statistically higher at eagle nest sites. There were no significant differences between vegetation composition at eagle nest sites and reference sites, but reference sites tended to be dominated by shrub species. Additionally, I proposed that bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are vectors of nutrient subsidies, depositing nutrient-rich guano at nest sites, which could alter soil chemistry and vegetation composition. In an exploratory study of seven nest sites, I found higher soil phosphorous at eagle nest sites relative to control sites (~ 33% higher). Phosphorous is a limiting nutrient in coastal temperate forests, additions help to alleviate chlorosis and slow growth especially when paired with nitrogen. Higher potassium concentration also occurred on eagle-inhabited islands but was not associated specifically with current nest sites, perhaps reflecting differential persistence of macronutrients in the soil. I expected to observe elevated nitrogen isotope signatures (δ 15N) given bald eagles’ position in the trophic web and the potential for volatilization of guano but soil δ 15N abundance was not statistically higher at eagle nest sites. Total soil nitrogen was also not statistically higher at eagle nest sites. There were no significant differences between vegetation composition at eagle nest sites and reference sites, but reference sites tended to be dominated by shrub species / Graduate

No description available.

Mozambique is to fifty percent covered by forest, most of which belongs to the biodiverse miombo woodlands. The last decades, Mozambique has been suffering from rapid deforestation. The once continuous forest cover has turned into a mosaic of forest patches, farmland, settlements etc. The remaining forest patches are in many cases very isolated. These forests have distinct edges towards the neighbouring land, which means that the edge zones have different environmental conditions (more light, higher temperatures etc.) and tree species composition than the interior. In order to examine how the forests of Mozambique are affected by edge effects, the highly isolated Nhamacoa forest was studied. An additional aim of the project was to make a floristic inventory of the forest in order to further assess its conservation status. Specimens were collected, pressed and photographed for identification. Edge effects were studied in plots at the edge and in the interior of the forest in a paired design. Trees inside the plots were identified, counted and measured (dbh (diameter at breast height) and height) to search for differences in species richness, diversity, biomass and height-to-dbh ratios. Environmental parameters (air temp., soil temp., light and slope) were also measured. In total, 76 species of trees were sampled and 44 (35 in the interior and 32 at the edge) of these were found inside the plots. The interior plots harboured significantly more individuals and species of trees than their paired edge plots. Additionally, biomass and height-to-dbh ratios were higher in the interior plots than in the edge plots. These differences strongly suggest that the Nhamacoa forest is affected by edge effects, although none of the measured environmental parameters could explain why. That the Nhamacoa forest is affected by edge effects goes in line with the research hypothesis and shows that it is important to maintain large and intact pieces of forest in order to preserve the Mozambican miombo forests. For future studies, additional environmental parameters (wind speed, humidity etc.) could be examined in order to better explain the presence of edge effects in the Nhamacoa forest.

Die fortschreitende Fragmentierung von Wäldern ist eine der Hauptursachen für den Verlust von Biodiversität weltweit. Mit zunehmender Fragmentierung steigt der Anteil an Waldrandzonen, in denen die Eigenschaften eines Waldes stark verändert sein können. Wie stark diese Randeffekte ein Fragment beeinflussen, kann von der Habitatstruktur abhängen. Die Habitatstruktur ist wiederum maßgeblich durch die Baumartenzusammensetzung beeinflusst. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht zum ersten Mal gleichzeitig die Einflüsse von Randeffekten und Baumartenvielfalt und deren mögliche Interaktionen auf Krautschichtvegetation und Arthropoden. Die Untersuchungen hierzu wurden im Nationalpark Hainich, Deutschlands größtem zusammenhängenden Laubwaldgebiet, durchgeführt. Dafür wurden 12 Transekte angelegt, die vom Waldrand bis zu 500 m in das Waldesinnere hineinreichten. Sechs Transekte in baumartenarmen Waldstandorten mit einem hohen Buchenanteil (Fagus sylvatica L.) und weitere sechs in baumartenreichen Waldstandorten mit einem niedrigen Buchenanteil. Baumartenreiche Standorte wiesen bis zu neun Baumarten auf, wie z.B. Eiche, Esche, Linde und Ahorn. Entlang der Transekte wurden die Krautschichtvegetation und die Arthopodengemeinschaften untersucht. Im ersten Manuskript (Kapitel 2 dieser Arbeit) wurde die Krautschichtvegetation entlang des Rand-Innen-Gradienten aufgenommen. Eine Interaktion zwischen Randeffekten und Baumartenvielfalt beeinflusste den Pflanzenartenreichtum. In Waldbereichen mit hoher Baumartenvielfalt blieb die Artenzahl der Krautschicht vom Rand bis ins Waldesinnere konstant, wohingegen sie in baumartenarmen Bereichen stark abfiel. Die Krautschicht war somit in baumartenreichen Waldstandorten im Waldesinneren höher. Der Anteil an Waldspezialistenarten nahm mit zunehmender Entfernung vom Waldrand zur Mitte zu. Parallel dazu nahm der Anteil an Waldgeneralistenarten ab. Die Dominanz der Waldspezialisten war in buchendominierten Standorten stärker ausgeprägt, als in baumartenreichen. Auch die Artenzusammensetzung der Krautschicht wurde von der Distanz zum Waldrand und der Baumartenvielfalt beeinflusst. Sie wies in baumartenreichen Standorten und mit zunehmender Nähe zum Rand eine hohe Variabilität auf. Die Baumartenvielfalt steuerte die Dicke der Streuschicht, die unter allen untersuchten Umweltfaktoren den größten Einfluss auf die Diversität der Krautschicht hatte. Im zweiten Manuskript (Kapitel 3 dieser Arbeit) wurden bodenlebende Arthropoden (Laufkäfer, Kurzflügelkäfer und Spinnen) untersucht. Die Reaktion der Gesamtartenzahl auf Baumartenvielfalt und Entfernung zum Waldrand war je nach Taxon unterschiedlich. Allerdings zeigten sich übereinstimmende Muster, nachdem die Arten hinsichtlich ihrer Habitataffinität und Körpergröße in Gruppen eingeteilt worden waren. Über alle Taxa hinweg wurde die Anzahl der Waldarten weder von der Baumartenvielfalt noch von der Randnähe nennenswert beeinflusst und die Körpergröße der Waldarten spielte keine Rolle. Allerdings reagierten einzelne Waldarten positiv auf eine erhöhte Baumartenvielfalt, während andere davon negativ beeinflusst waren. Die Artenzahl der Habitatgeneralisten nahm vom Waldrand zur Waldmitte hin stark ab. Dieser Effekt wurde jedoch, außer bei den Spinnen, durch eine höhere Baumartenvielfalt abgeschwächt. Die Artenzahl der Habitatgeneralisten, insbesondere der kleinen Arten, reagierte positiv auf eine erhöhte Baumartenvielfalt im Waldesinneren. Die beobachteten Effekte sind höchstwahrscheinlich das Resultat von durch Baumartenvielfalt und Randnähe veränderten Umweltfaktoren und einer erhöhten Habitatheterogenität am Waldboden. Im dritten Manuskript (Kapitel 4 dieser Arbeit) wurde untersucht, ob sich Rand- und Baumartendiversitätseffekte zwischen verschiedenen Straten unterscheiden. Hierzu wurden entlang von zehn Transekten sowohl im Kronenraum als auch unmittelbar über dem Boden Kreuzfensterfallen installiert. In einem Zeitraum von sieben Monaten (April bis November 2012) wurde dadurch die fliegende Käferfauna erfasst. Randeffekte auf Käfer wurden bis zu einer Distanz von 500 m vom Waldrand hin nachgewiesen. Im Kronenraum waren die Randeffekte schwächer ausgeprägt als im Unterholz, vermutlich durch eine höhere „randähnliche“ mikroklimatische Variabilität im Kronenraum. Die Gesamtartenzahl der Käfer nahm mit zunehmender Distanz zum Waldrand ab. Dieses Muster wurde vor allem durch die Habitatgeneralisten getrieben, wohingegen die Artenzahl der Waldarten und der xylobionten Arten kaum auf die Randnähe reagierten. Eine Beeinflussung des Randeffekts durch Baumartenvielfalt konnte nicht gezeigt werden. Habitatgeneralisten und nicht-xylobionte Arten dominierten die Käfergemeinschaft im Unterholz. Im Kronenraum wurden die höchsten Artenzahlen von Waldarten und xylobionten Arten nachgewiesen. Baumartendiversität wirkte sich über alle Straten und ökologischen Gruppen positiv auf die Artenvielfalt der Käfer aus. Besonders ausgeprägt war dieser Effekt im Kronenraum. Die Haupteinflussfaktoren, die den Käferartenreichtum steuerten, unterschieden sich also zwischen den Straten. So waren im Kronenraum Baumartenvielfalt, die Totholzmenge und zu einem geringen Teil der Kronenschluss die entscheidenden Faktoren. Im Unterholz hingegen war der Einfluss der Baumartenvielfalt geringer und die Distanz zum Waldrand und der Kronenschluss besonders wichtig. Insgesamt waren die Effekte von Baumartenvielfalt im Unterholz indirekter und im Kronenraum direkter. Um Konsequenzen von Waldfragmentierung umfangreich zu verstehen, ist es nicht nur notwendig den Einfluss von Randeffekten, Baumartenvielfalt und Straten zu berücksichtigen, sondern auch die Eigenschaften (z. B. Körpergröße) und die Habitataffinität der beobachteten Arten. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass eine erhöhte Baumartenvielfalt in zentraleuropäischen Wäldern zum Erhalt der Biodiversität von Pflanzen und Arthropoden beitragen kann. Das allein ist jedoch nicht ausreichend, da auch gezeigt wurde, dass einzelne Arten buchendominierte Wälder bevorzugen und es Unterschiede in der Artenzusammensetzung zwischen den verschiedenen Baumartendiversitätsstufen gibt. Dies hebt die Bedeutung des Erhalts alter Buchenwälder, verankert in den UNESCO-Welterbeflächen „Buchenurwälder in den Karpaten und alte Buchenwälder in Deutschland“, als besondere Schutzaufgabe hervor.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T13:19:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 1493713 bytes, checksum: 352f6dbca8708b4556926d3fd62cbe28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-30T11:51:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 1493713 bytes, checksum: 352f6dbca8708b4556926d3fd62cbe28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T11:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 1493713 bytes, checksum: 352f6dbca8708b4556926d3fd62cbe28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-09 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Composição, estrutura e diversidade da comunidade arbórea de um fragmento urbano de floresta estacional semidecidual (Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil). Este estudo visou avaliar a a estrutura e a diversidade da comunidade arbórea de um pequeno fragmento (2 ha) de floresta estacional semidecidual urbana pertencente ao Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, município de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. As árvores (DAP ≥ 5 cm) foram amostradas em 25 parcelas aleatórias de 20 x 20 m (1 ha). Foram amostrados 2491 indivíduos, sendo 437 mortos em pé e 2054 indivíduos vivos, pertencentes a 78 espécies, 62 gêneros e 33 famílias. As espécies mais importantes na comunidade foram Miconia latecrenata, Anadenanthera colubrina, Vismia guianensis, Syzygium jambos, Xylopia sericea, Miconia cinnamomifolia, Eugenia sp1, Brosimum guianense, Lacistema pubescense, Casearia arborea, que juntas somaram 72,3% do VI. Houve forte predominância de espécies de ocorrência “frequente” na flora de MG, e de espécies de estágios sucessionais iniciais (pioneiras e secundárias iniciais). A grande maioria das espécies (76,9%) e indivíduos (87,1%) apresentou dispersão zoocórica. Como reflexo da forte dominância ecológica, o valor do índice de diversidade de espécies de Shannon (H’ = 2,82 nats.ind-1) foi o mais baixo em comparação com florestas secundárias de mesma fitofisionomia da região. A comunidade apresentou elevada densidade da espécie exótica Syzygium jambos (a 4ª em VI), potencial invasora em florestas neotropicais. As 437 árvores mortas em pé representam 17,5% do total de indivíduos, valor muito alto em comparação com outras florestas secundárias da região. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade e principais populações foi do tipo “J-reverso”, com grande concentração de indivíduos nas primeiras classes, mostrando alta capacidade regenerativa. Devido a grande presença de indivíduos de pequeno porte, a área basal obtida foi de 20,5 m².ha⁻¹, valor baixo para florestas da região. Uma análise de correspondência segmentada (DCA) da composição quantitativa (densidade absoluta) de espécies resultou em uma divisão forte, sendo encontrado autovalor de 0,70 para o eixo 1, mostrando que o fragmento apresenta elevada heterogeneidade interna. Os resultados mostram que embora o fragmento florestal possua longo tempo de regeneração natural (> 70 anos de abandono), apresenta uma comunidade arbórea imatura e de diversidade relativamente baixa, seguindo o padrão normalmente atribuído a florestas urbanas, tanto no Brasil como em nível mundial. / Composition, structure and diversity of the tree community of an urban Fragment of semideciduous tropical forest (Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil). This study aimed to assess the structure and diversity of tree community of a small fragment (2 ha) of urban semideciduous forest belonging to the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Trees (DBH ≥ 5 cm) were sampled at 25 random plots of 20 x 20 m (1 ha). We sampled 2491 individuals, 437 standing dead and 2054 living individuals belonging to 78 species, 62 genera and 33 families. The most important species in the community were Miconia latecrenata, Anadenanthera colubrina, Vismia guianensis, Syzygium jambos, Xylopia sericea, Miconia cinnamomifolia, Eugenia sp1, Brosimum guianense, Lacistema pubescens and Casearia arborea, which together amounted to 72.3% of VI. There was a strong predominance of species occurring "frequently" in the flora of Minas Gerais, and species of early successional stages (pioneer and early secondary). The vast majority of species (76.9%) and individuals (87.1%) presented zoochorous dispersion. As a reflection of strong ecological dominance, the index value of species diversity (Shannon H '= 2.82 nats.ind-1) was the lowest compared with other secondary forests of similar vegetation types in the region. The community also has a high density of the exotic Syzygium jambos (the 4th in VI), potentially invasive in Neotropical forests. The 437 standing dead trees represent 17.5% of individuals, a high proportion in comparison with other secondary forests in the region. The diameter distribution of the community and principal populations was like "reverse-J", with a large concentration of individuals in the first class, showing high regenerative capacity. Due to the large presence of small individuals, the basal area obtained, 20.5 m².ha⁻¹, was low in comparison with other secondary forests. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of quantitative (absolute density) of species, resulted in a strong division, with eigenvalue of 0.70 for axis 1, showing that the fragment has a high heterogeneity. Together, the results show that although the forest fragment has a long time of natural regeneration (> 70 years of abandonment), presents an immature tree community with relatively low diversity, following the pattern usually attributed to urban forests worldwide.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T13:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pablosallesdebrito.pdf: 1159220 bytes, checksum: ace84d44f9264bc15c6926564551577c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-06T14:23:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pablosallesdebrito.pdf: 1159220 bytes, checksum: ace84d44f9264bc15c6926564551577c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T14:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pablosallesdebrito.pdf: 1159220 bytes, checksum: ace84d44f9264bc15c6926564551577c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-11 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Este estudo visou avaliar a composição, estrutura e diversidade da comunidade arbórea de um trecho de floresta estacional semidecidual em estágio intermediário de regeneração pertencente ao Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, município de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. As árvores (DAP ≥ 5 cm) foram amostradas em 25 parcelas aleatórias de 20 x 20 m (1 ha). Foram amostrados 2535 indivíduos, sendo 385 mortos em pé e 2150 indivíduos vivos, pertencentes a 105 espécies, 79 gêneros e 39 famílias. As espécies mais importantes na comunidade foram Xylopia sericea, Miconia urophylla, Ocotea diospyrifolia, Vismia guianensis, Psychotria vellosiana, Syzygium jambos, que juntas somaram 41,5% do VI. As famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae e Rubiaceae, que juntas abrigaram 45,7% das espécies. Como reflexo da forte dominância ecológica, o valor do índice de diversidade de espécies de Shannon (H’ = 3,30 nats.ind-1) foi baixo em comparação com florestas secundárias de mesma fitofisionomia da região. As 385 árvores mortas em pé representam 15,2% do total de indivíduos, valor muito alto quando comparado com outras florestas secundárias da região. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade e principais populações foi do tipo “J-reverso”, com grande concentração de indivíduos nas primeiras classes, mostrando alta capacidade regenerativa. Uma análise de correspondência distendida (DCA) da composição quantitativa (densidade absoluta) de espécies resultou em gradientes curtos, sendo encontrado autovalor acima de 0,30 apenas para o eixo 1, mostrando que o fragmento apresenta baixa heterogeneidade interna. Houve forte predominância de espécies pertencentes a estágios sucessionais iniciais (pioneiras e secundárias iniciais). A grande maioria das espécies (51,5%) e indivíduos (81,4%) apresentou dispersão zoocórica. Os resultados mostram que embora o fragmento florestal possua tempo de regeneração natural superior a 70 anos, a comunidade arbórea apresenta um processo de sucessão aparentemente lento, ainda com baixa diversidade e características de uma floresta imatura. Em contrapartida, a área possui espécies ameaçadas de extinção e possui famílias características de floresta madura como Lauraceae e Myrtaceae com boa representatividade. Ou seja, o fragmento tem grande importância para a preservação da biodiversidade regional e ações de manejo adequadas podem incrementar sua qualidade ao longo do tempo. / The present study aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and diversity of the tree community in a stretch of a semidecidous forest in the intermediate stage of regeneration in the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The trees (DBH ≥ 5 cm) were sampled at 25 random plots of 20m x 20m (1 ha). We sampled 2535 individuals, 385 standing dead and 2150 living individuals belonging to 105 species, 79 genera and 39 families. The most important species in the community were Xylopia sericea, Miconia urophylla, Ocotea diospyrifolia, Vismia guianensis, Psychotria vellosiana, Syzygium jambos, which together amounted to 41,5% of VI. The most representative families were Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae e Rubiaceae, wich together amounted 45,7% of species. As a reflection of strong ecological dominance, the index value of species diversity (Shannon H '= 3,30 nats.ind-1) was low compared with secondary forests of similar phytophysiognomy of the region. The 385 standing dead trees represent 15,2% of individuals, a high proportion in comparison with other secondary forests in the region. The diameter distribution of the community and principal populations was like "reverse-J", with a large concentration of individuals in the first class, showing high regenerative capacity. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of quantitative (absolute density) of species, resulted in short gradients, being found eigenvalue greater than 0,30 only for the axis 1, showing that the fragment has low internal heterogeneity. There was a strong predominance of species of early succession stages (pioneer and early secondary). The vast majority of species (51.5%) and individuals (81.4%) presented zoochorous dispersion. The results show that although the forest fragment possesses more than 70 years of natural regeneration time, the tree community presents a succession process that seems slow, with low diversity and characteristics of an immature forest yet. In contrast, the area has endangered species and has families typical of mature forest as Lauraceae and Myrtaceae with good representation. In other words, the fragment is very important for the preservation of regional biodiversity and appropriate management actions can improve its quality over time.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T20:22:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 norbertoemidiodeoliveiraneto.pdf: 4482625 bytes, checksum: 7ab605db6564ca78900ec53bdb09efe5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T16:05:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 norbertoemidiodeoliveiraneto.pdf: 4482625 bytes, checksum: 7ab605db6564ca78900ec53bdb09efe5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T16:05:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 norbertoemidiodeoliveiraneto.pdf: 4482625 bytes, checksum: 7ab605db6564ca78900ec53bdb09efe5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A área JB-UFJF apresenta um histórico de cultura cafeeira, e com sua decadência e abandono na década de 1930, a floresta vem se regenerando naturalmente. Dentro do mosaico de florestas secundárias no JB-UFJF, populações de Euterpe edulis são frequentes em solos mais úmidos, sendo esta espécie característica de áreas mais avançadas em termos de sucessão. O objetivo foi realizar o diagnóstico da comunidade arbórea de um trecho de floresta secundária do JB-UFJF dominado por E. edulis, para se obter informações detalhadas sobre a estrutura e diversidade florística, e demonstrar a importância do JB-UFJF na conservação da biodiversidade da flora regional. Foi selecionado um trecho de aproximadamente 20 ha de floresta regenerada após abandono da cafeicultura (~70 nos), com dominância de palmito (E. edulis), onde foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m (total 1 ha). Todas as árvores (DAP ≥ 5 cm) vivas e mortas em pé foram amostradas, identificadas e mensuradas (DAP). Os parâmetros fitossociológicos e de diversidade foram calculados. Foram amostrados 1926 indivíduos, sendo 1837 indivíduos vivos pertencentes a 116 espécies. As espécies mais importantes na comunidade foram E.edulis (22,9% VI), Piptadenia gonoacantha (16,5%), Xylopia sericea (5,7%), Annona cacans (3,5%) e Syagrus romanzoffiana (3,3%), que juntas somaram 51,9% do VI. Destaque para E. edulis, com densidade relativa de 41,2% e presença em todas as parcelas. As 89 árvores mortas representam 4,6% do total de indivíduos, o valor mais baixo quando comparado com outras florestas secundárias da região, que ultrapassam 15%. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade foi “J-reverso”, com grande concentração de indivíduos nas primeiras classes, mostrando boa capacidade regenerativa. No entanto, a população de P. gonoacantha, uma pioneira de ciclo de vida longo, apresentou distribuição desbalanceada, com decréscimo de indivíduos nas primeiras classes, indicando tendência de saída progressiva do sistema.Devido à dominância de E. edulis, o valor do índice de diversidade de espécies de Shannon (H’ = 2,98 nats/ind) foi próximo ao das florestas secundárias da região. Entretanto, com a exclusão da espécie dos cálculos, o valor do índice aumentou substancialmente (H’ = 3,89 nats/ind) sendo o mais elevado até o momento nas florestas da região, mostrando que o fragmento apresenta elevada diversidade arbórea. Os resultados mostram uma comunidade arbórea mais madura em relação a outras florestas secundárias estudadas na região, com elevada riqueza e diversidade de espécies, elevada área basal e baixa densidade de mortas, indicando franca “fase de construção”. Adicionalmente, a área possui grande densidade de E. edulis e presença de outras ameaçadas de extinção, e espécies de famílias características de floresta madura (ex. Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae) com boa representatividade, demonstrando grande importância para a preservação da biodiversidade florística regional. / The Botanic Garden - UFJF area has a history of coffee culture, and its decay and neglect in the 1930s, the forest is regenerating naturally. There is a mosaic of secondary forests in JB - UFJF, populations of Euterpe edulis are more frequent in wet soils, this species being characteristic of more advanced areas in terms of succession. The objective was to diagnose the tree community of a stretch of secondary forest JB - UFJF dominated by E. edulis, to obtain detailed information on the structure and floristic diversity, and demonstrate the importance of the JB - UFJF in biodiversity conservation of the regional flora. A stretch of approximately 20 ha of regenerated forest was selected after discontinuation of caffeine (~ 70 in), with dominance of palm (E. edulis), where 25 plots of 20 x 20 m (total 1 ha) were allocated. All trees (dbh ≥ 5 cm) live and dead standing were sampled, identified and measured (DBH). We sampled 1926 individual, with 1837 living individuals belonging to 116 species. The most important species in the community were E. edulis (22.9 % VI), Piptadenia gonoacantha (16.5%), Xylopia sericea (5.7 %), Annona cacans (3.5 %) and Syagrus romanzoffiana (3.3 %), which together amounted to 51.9 % of VI. Highlight for E. edulis, with relative density of 41.2 % and a presence in all plots. The 89 dead trees represent 4.6% of all subjects, the lowest value when compared with other secondary forests in the region, which exceeded 15 %. The diameter distribution of the community was "reverse - J", with a large concentration of individuals in the first classes, showing good regenerative capacity. However, the population of P. gonoacantha, a pioneer of long life cycle, presented unbalanced distribution, with a decrease of individuals in the first classes, indicating a trend of progressive output community. Owing the dominance of E. edulis, the index value of species diversity (Shannon H '= 2.98 nats / ind) was close to that of secondary forests in the region. However, with the exclusion of species calculations, the index value has substantially increased (H '= 3.89 nats / ind) being the highest so far in the region's forests, showing that the fragment has high tree diversity. The results show a more mature tree community in relation to other studied secondary forests in the region with high species richness and species diversity, high density and low basal area of dead, indicating frank "construction phase". Additionally, the area has a high density of E. edulis and the presence of other endangered species, and species characteristics of families of mature forest (Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae) with good representation, showing great importance to the preservation of regional floristic biodiversity.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21801号 / 農博第2314号 / 新制||農||1065(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5173(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 神﨑 護, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 大澤 晃 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, with general trends suggesting a positive relationship. While most studies only use species richness, this study also analyzed how productivity changes with functional diversity and Shannon’s diversity index. Functional diversity gives important context to the examination of biodiversity-productivity relationships due to the direct link between organisms’ functional traits and their role in a given ecosystem. This study used data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database collected in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi to estimate plot-level productivity and diversity. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the strength of the relationship between measures of diversity and forest productivity. This study found that species richness had the greatest influence on forest productivity, but it was largely an indirect effect mediated by stand density. This study could be expanded spatially to include more forest types for comparison of trends.