Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ruy_rs_dr_prud.pdf: 5800893 bytes, checksum: eca044ea30603eb3cacb3a982ca7088c (MD5) / Nos últimos anos observa-se uma crescente utilização de câmaras digitais em Fotogrametria, especialmente os modelos profissionais de câmaras de pequeno e médio formato. Isso porque os sistemas digitais comerciais de grande formato possuem custos elevados e um complexo sistema de gerenciamento, armazenamento e processamento das imagens. Além disso, as câmaras digitais de pequeno e médio formato possuem algumas vantagens que as tornam altamente atrativas, como: grande disponibilidade no mercado; flexibilidade quanto ao intervalo de focalização; são pequenas, leves e de fácil manejo e; possuem custos substancialmente reduzidos quando comparadas aos sistemas digitais de grande formato. Por outro lado, algumas limitações ainda estão presentes nestes modelos de câmaras, no que se refere à confiabilidade da geometria interna e à resolução dos sensores. Contudo, estudos de caso têm mostrado que estes problemas podem ser contornados, podendo-se utilizar todo o potencial deste tipo de sensor para mapeamentos temáticos, topográficos e cadastrais em áreas de pequeno e médio porte, com grande flexibilidade em relação aos sensores aéreos e orbitais convencionais. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo a concepção, implementação física e testes reais de um sistema de aquisição de imagens digitais, formado por câmaras digitais de médio formato integradas a sensores de orientação direta, dispositivos eletrônicos e interfaces de hardware e software. Foram desenvolvidos também estudos, análises, algoritmos e programas computacionais de Fototriangulação com parâmetros adicionais (FPA), com dados de georreferenciamento direto, voltados ao sistema desenvolvido... / In the last years there is a growing use of digital cameras in Photogrammetry, mainly the small and medium format cameras, because of high cost and problems with the images management and postprocessing in the high end digital cameras. Besides, if the small and medium format cameras are calibrated they can provide quality data, together with their advantages: variety in the market; focalization flexibility; are small, light, easy handling and; have low cost if compared with the high resolution cameras. Although, these models of digital cameras have some limitations, like the interior orientation reliability and the resolution of the sensor. Some case studies have showed that these problems can be solved and the digital sensors can be used with success in thematic, topographic and cadastral mapping of small and medium areas, with high flexibility if compared with conventional aerial and orbital sensors. In this context, the aim of this work is the conception, development and real tests performing of a digital image acquisition system composed by medium format digital cameras integrated to direct orientation systems, electronic devices and hardware and software developments. Studies, analysis and computational programs related to block triangulation with additional parameters with direct orientation data were performed for establishing the interior orientation of the cameras that compose the acquisition system... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonio Maria Garcia Tommaselli / Banca: Edson Aparecido Mitishita / Banca: Jorge Luis Nunes e Silva Brito / Banca: Julio Kiyoshi Hasegawa / Banca: Mauricio Galo / Resumo: Nos últimos anos observa-se uma crescente utilização de câmaras digitais em Fotogrametria, especialmente os modelos profissionais de câmaras de pequeno e médio formato. Isso porque os sistemas digitais comerciais de grande formato possuem custos elevados e um complexo sistema de gerenciamento, armazenamento e processamento das imagens. Além disso, as câmaras digitais de pequeno e médio formato possuem algumas vantagens que as tornam altamente atrativas, como: grande disponibilidade no mercado; flexibilidade quanto ao intervalo de focalização; são pequenas, leves e de fácil manejo e; possuem custos substancialmente reduzidos quando comparadas aos sistemas digitais de grande formato. Por outro lado, algumas limitações ainda estão presentes nestes modelos de câmaras, no que se refere à confiabilidade da geometria interna e à resolução dos sensores. Contudo, estudos de caso têm mostrado que estes problemas podem ser contornados, podendo-se utilizar todo o potencial deste tipo de sensor para mapeamentos temáticos, topográficos e cadastrais em áreas de pequeno e médio porte, com grande flexibilidade em relação aos sensores aéreos e orbitais convencionais. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo a concepção, implementação física e testes reais de um sistema de aquisição de imagens digitais, formado por câmaras digitais de médio formato integradas a sensores de orientação direta, dispositivos eletrônicos e interfaces de hardware e software. Foram desenvolvidos também estudos, análises, algoritmos e programas computacionais de Fototriangulação com parâmetros adicionais (FPA), com dados de georreferenciamento direto, voltados ao sistema desenvolvido... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the last years there is a growing use of digital cameras in Photogrammetry, mainly the small and medium format cameras, because of high cost and problems with the images management and postprocessing in the high end digital cameras. Besides, if the small and medium format cameras are calibrated they can provide quality data, together with their advantages: variety in the market; focalization flexibility; are small, light, easy handling and; have low cost if compared with the high resolution cameras. Although, these models of digital cameras have some limitations, like the interior orientation reliability and the resolution of the sensor. Some case studies have showed that these problems can be solved and the digital sensors can be used with success in thematic, topographic and cadastral mapping of small and medium areas, with high flexibility if compared with conventional aerial and orbital sensors. In this context, the aim of this work is the conception, development and real tests performing of a digital image acquisition system composed by medium format digital cameras integrated to direct orientation systems, electronic devices and hardware and software developments. Studies, analysis and computational programs related to block triangulation with additional parameters with direct orientation data were performed for establishing the interior orientation of the cameras that compose the acquisition system... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

In this work, we propose a depth estimation system based on image sequence and odometry information. The key idea is that depth estimation is decoupled from pose estimation. Such approach results in multipurpose system applicable on different robot platforms and for different depth estimation related problems. Our implementation uses various filtration techniques, operates real-time and provides appropriate results. Although the system was aimed at and tested on drone platform, it can be well used on any other type of autonomous vehicle that provides odometry information and video output.

Studies about native and non-native language teachers have found that these two groups are perceived as different from each other in language abilities and teaching styles. However, most of the existing research has investigated the perspective of teachers or students separately and has rarely triangulated their opinions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to contribute to the body of literature related to the native and non-native teacher dichotomy by triangulating perceptions from native and non-native teacher samples and a student sample. Particularly, this study set out to examine the problem in the context of the English language teaching and learning system in Vietnam. This study involved three participant groups: 30 native English teachers (NETs), 30 Vietnamese teachers (VETs), and 30 Vietnamese EFL students in Vietnam. The instrument included two versions of an online Likert scale survey, one for the students and the other for the teachers (both NETs and VETs). The questions covered 4 areas of teaching efficacy: teaching language skills, teaching language aspects, teaching methodology, and assessment. The data were analyzed through statistical analyses, including Cronbach alpha, two MANOVAs, and 16 dependent t-tests. The results of this study revealed that NETs, VETs, and students did not differ significantly in how they perceived the teaching efficacy of NETs and VETs. Instead, they had similar judgments which overall were in the upper part of the scale, showing rather positive perceptions of the teaching efficacy of both NETs and VETs. NETs were favored in teaching pronunciation; teaching culture; teaching speaking; involving students; balancing lecture, pair work, and group work; organizing classes; measuring students' progress; and grading. VETs were found more effective in teaching grammar and giving feedback. Both NETs and VETs were perceived as equally effective in teaching listening, teaching reading, teaching writing, teaching vocabulary, preparing classes, and giving an appropriate number of tests.

El artículo expone el argumento antiescéptico de Davidson; pero, en el análisis del argumento y de las respuestas a sus críticos, va quedando claro que los argumentos e instrumentos utilizados en este y otros puntos de la obra de Davidson implican la remoción de algunos de los supuestos básicos del paradigma filosófico dominante de matriz cartesiana. Así, el abandono del mito de lo subjetivo y su sustitución por la idea del carácter esencialmente intersubjetivo del pensamiento y de sus contenidos; la asunción del carácter esencialmente social del lenguaje y, con él, de la normatividad y, ya en un plano metafilosófico,el abandono del fundacionismo y la simultánea refutación, por inconsistencia, de su contracara, el escepticismo filosófico.---Davidson’s Antiskeptic Argument as a Convergence of Radical Innovations”. This article exposes Davidson’s antiskeptical strategy. After that analysis it aims to turn clear that the arguments and tools used in this and other aspects of Davidson’s works imply the removal of some of the basic assumptions of the dominant philosophical paradigm of Cartesian basis. Thus: the abandonment of the myth of the subjective and its substitution by the idea of the essentially intersubjective character of thought and its contents; the assumption of the essentially social character of language and, with it, of the normativity, and, in a metaphilosophical level, the abandonment of the foundacionism and the simultaneous rebuttal, by inconsistency, of philosophical skepticism.

A medição de distâncias sempre foi uma das atividades mais básicas e importantes da engenharia. Existem diversas formas, métodos, equipamentos que são utilizados para se obter medidas com os mais variados graus de acurácia. Com o aumento da tecnologia, a determinação de distâncias em 3D tem-se tornado cada vez mais importante, favorecendo equipamentos de fácil manuseio e boa precisão. Em especial, a determinação da localização espacial vem ganhando ainda mais importância nas indústrias que estão começando a utilizar robôs não mais para o simples deslocamento de peças, mas para a execução de tarefas mais complexas, de controle mais sofisticado. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema a ser utilizado para a determinação de deslocamentos espaciais de um retro-refletor através de duas estações de rastreamento. Cada uma delas, composta basicamente por um sensor de quadrantes, um divisor de feixes e dois espelhos planos com eixos de rotação dispostos ortogonalmente entre si, emite um feixe laser contínuo direcionado ao retro-refletor. O feixe laser emitido por cada estação de rastreamento foi modelado como reta cuja equação é função essencialmente dos ângulos dos espelhos. Foram realizados dois experimentos visando a comparação entre os resultados obtidos com a utilização de motores de corrente continua e de galvanômetros para movimentação dos espelhos. No primeiro, a posição angular dos espelhos é conhecida através de encoders, no segundo, ela é determinada através de sinais emitidos pela placa controladora do galvanômetro. Finalmente, com o conhecimento da posição relativa entre as duas estações de rastreamento e do direcionamento dos feixes laser, a posição do retro-refletor no espaço é calculada por triangulação. / The measurement of distances has always been one of the most basic and important activities of engineering. It can be achieved in several ways and by many methods, and there is a variety of equipment that may be used to obtain measurements with different levels of accuracy. With technological development, the measurement of distances in 3D has become more and more common, favoring equipment with ease of handling and high precision. Specially, spatial positioning has become even more important in industries that are beginning to use robots not just to move pieces, but to perform more complex tasks, utilizing more sophisticated control techniques. The present work deals with the development of a two tracking station system to be used in the spatial displacement measurement of a retroreflector. Each one, consisting basically of a quadrant detector, a beam splitter, and two flat mirrors that can be rotated in orthogonal directions, emits a continuous laser beam directed to the retroreflector. The laser beam emitted by each of the tracking stations is considered a straight line the equation of which depends primary on the exact mirror angles. Two experiments, one using DC motors and the other galvanometers to drive the mirrors, were executed in other to compare the results. In the first, the angles are known through the use of encoders, and in the second, they are determined by signals generated in the galvanometer controllers (drives). Finally, with the knowledge of the tracking station positions and laser beam directions, the retroreflector space position can be calculated using triangulation.

Context. Localization and positioning services are nowadays very extended and the growth is still continuing. Many places already provide wireless tracking systems to monitor the people or material movements, specially indoors. The new arising ZigBee wireless technology provides an efficient network management and a low battery consumption, making it appropriate for location purposes in portable devices like mobile phones. Objectives. The aim is to locate a ZigBee device located inside a golf ball that has been lost within an outdoors area. An Android phone connected to a ZigBee device via USB will serve as coordinator of the localization network and by giving on-screen instructions and guidance provided by the conceptual Decision Support System (DSS). Methods. The measurement used in the localization process is the Received Signal Strength (RSS). With this data, the distance between the sensors can be estimated. However to obtain an accurate position several readings from different sensors might be needed. This paper tests the precision levels of the ZigBee modules varying the number of sensors in the localization network and using the triangulation method. Results. The precision is the main variable measured in the results, which reaches distance variation of less than 1 meter in cases where the triangulation approach can be applied. For the localization process, the use of less than three sensors lead to very poor results, obtaining a wrong localization in around 30\% of the cases. Also, movement patterns were discovered to improve the localization process. All this data can be used as an input for the DSS for future improvements. Conclusions. This study proves that outdoor positioning with ZigBee devices is possible if the required level of precision is not very high. However, more studies concerning localization with less than three sensors have to be conducted to try to reach the goal of one-on-one localization. This study opens the door for further investigations in this matter.

This thesis is about Personal Identification challenges towards Ubiquitous Computing world as targeted in 2020. The study starts by defining the problems that how diversity of tools for personal identification as an always-foreground activity is problematic in order to become a pervasive interaction. The thesis is divided into three parts. Part one is introduction, background and related works. Part two will describe the empirical study—Triangulation— that is supported by qualitative and quantitative methods. Observation and the analysis over collected data, also the result of informal interviews will cover the qualitative part. The informal interview consists of pre-determined questions that some answers have been analyzed by graphs and the last part of interview was the open discussion that ascertain what values the interviewees counts in today’s identification designs and what challenges or improvements they believe for future of personal identification. Last part is the future works and conclusion. The result of empirical study was applied on new technologies like RFID, Mobile identification and Biometrics, to investigate whether new identification tools and techniques cover the challenges on today’s identification and what future works they might need to focus on. / This thesis starts with thinking about the problems of the today’s identification; why we need to carry dozens of different magnetic cards, bunches of keys, or memorizing many digital pins and pass code? To do the study, I observed people at shopping and traveling to find out what and how people interact with tools, what are their behaviors, experiences, or reactions when they need to approve their identity. and what problems they encounter. Informal discussion with designers was the next step of empirical study. The analysis over collected data guided us into problems in today’s identifications: ‘Foreground activity’, ‘Diversity of tools and interactions’, ‘security’, ‘trust’ and ‘being economical’. Last section of the thesis is the investigating on current designs; RFID can be good solution for pervasive identification if the security and privacy of people respected. Mobile will be an inevitable part of every design in future. However, mobile phone designers should think about diversity of interface layouts that may be a barrier for unified identification interactions. Biometrics also seems the inevitable part of future of identification. Apart from technology, social engagement and supports, especially in terms of privacy is one of the most noticeable concerns. Information forensics, and level of awareness should be specified before the benefits of pervasive identifications threaten people’s privacies.

This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of single motherhood on happiness. We use a mixed-method approach. First, based on indepth interviews with mothers who gave birth while single, we explore mechanisms through which children may influence mothers' happiness. In a second step, we analyze panel survey data to quantify this influence. Our results leave no doubt that, while raising a child outside of marriage poses many challenges, parenthood has some positive influence on a lone mother's life. Our qualitative evidence shows that children are a central point in an unmarried woman's life, and that many life decisions are taken with consideration of the child's welfare, including escaping from pathological relationships. Our quantitative evidence shows that, although the general level of happiness among unmarried women is lower than among their married counterparts, raising a child does not have a negative impact on their happiness.

Les cytochromes P450s (CYPs) sont des hémoprotéines intervenant dans la fonction de détoxication cellulaire. Le site actif des CYPs est enfoui dans la protéine, mais accessible aux ligands par des canaux. A l'aide d'une méthode récente basée sur la triangulation de Delaunay de la protéine, et implémentée dans le logiciel CCCPP, nous avons modélisé géométriquement ces canaux pour plusieurs isoformes humaines, dont le 3A4, présent au niveau du foie humain et responsable de la métabolisation d'un nombre important de médicaments, afin de constituer un filtre stérique destiné au criblage virtuel rapide de chimiothèques. Cette approche nous a permis d'obtenir des informations sur les mécanismes d'ouverture et de fermeture des canaux, permettant d'expliquer comment des ligands volumineux peuvent accéder au site actif. Ces résultats confirment et étendent ceux de la littérature, et peuvent contribuer à l'élaboration de médicaments nouveaux ou ayant moins d'effets secondaires. / The cytochromes P450s (CYPs) are hemoproteins involved in the cellular detoxification function. The CYPs active site is buried inside the protein, but it can be accessed by the ligands through channels. With a recent method based upon the Delaunay triangulation of the protein, and implemented in the CCCPP software, we modelized geometrically these channels for several human isoforms, including the 3A4, located in the human liver and responsible of the metabolization of an important number of drugs, in order to build a sterical filter devoted to high throughput virtual screening of chemical libraries. This approach let us to get information on mechanisms of opening and closing of the channels, allowing to explain how large ligands can access to the active site. These results are in agreement and extend those found in the literature, and can contribute to the design of new drugs or of drugs having less side effects.