Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The methods presented in this study are aimed at the identification of subpopulations (clones) of genetically similar cells within tissue samples through measurement of loci-specific Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) spot signals for each nucleus and analyzing cell spatial distributions by way of Voronoi tessellation and Delaunay triangulation to robustly define cell neighbourhoods. The motivation for the system is to examine lung cancer patient for subpopulations of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells with biologically meaningful gene copy-number profiles: patterns of genetic alterations statistically associated with resistance to cis-platinum/vinorelbine doublet chemotherapy treatment. Current technologies for gene-copy number profiling rely on large amount of cellular material, which is not always available and suffers from limited sensitivity to only the most dominant clone in often heterogeneous samples. Thus, through the use of FISH, the detection of gene copy-numbers is possible in unprocessed tissues, allowing identification of specific tumour clones with biologically relevant patterns of genetic aberrations. The tissue-wide characterization of multiplexed loci-specific FISH signals, described herein, is achieved through a fully automated, multicolour fluorescence imaging microscope and object segmentation algorithms to identify cell nuclei and FISH spots within. Related tumour clones are identified through analysis of robustly defined cell neighbourhoods and cell-to-cell connections for regions of cells with homogenous and highly interconnected FISH spot signal characteristics. This study presents experiments which demonstrate the system’s ability to accurately quantify FISH spot signals in various tumour tissues and in up to 5 colours simultaneously or more through multiple rounds of FISH staining. Furthermore, the system’s FISH-based cell classification performance is evaluated at a sensitivity of 84% and specificity 81% and clonal identification algorithm results are determined to be comparable to clone delineation by a human-observer. Additionally, guidelines and procedures to perform anticipated, routine analysis experiments are established. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

This thesis presents a 3D reconstruction approach to the detection of static obstacles from a single rear view parking camera. Corner features are tracked to estimate the vehicle’s motion and to perform multiview triangulation in order to reconstruct the scene. We model the camera motion as planar motion and use the knowledge of the camera pose to efficiently solve motion parameters. Based on the observed motion, we selected snapshots from which the scene is reconstructed. These snapshots guarantee a sufficient baseline between the images and result in more robust scene modeling. Multiview triangulation of a feature is performed only if the feature obeys the epipolar constraint. Triangulated features are semantically labelled according to their 3D location. Obstacle features are spatially clustered to reduce false detections. Finally, the distance to the nearest obstacle cluster is reported to the driver.

The Oseberg ship is known as one of the finest surviving artifacts from the Viking age, with origins dated back to the 800s. The ship has been displayed in the Viking ship museum in Oslo since 1926. The nearly 100 years on museum display along with the over 1000 years it was buried has weakened the structure of the ship. To slow down the deterioration, several research projects has been initiated, among them the project ''Saving Oseberg''. A part of ''Saving Oseberg'' is contributing to the planning of a new museum for the ship. As a basis for the planning, the ship has been monitored with photogrammetry. This is intended as a way to visualise the deformation and displacements of the ship due to seasonal changes in indoor temperature and humidity. In this thesis the photogrammetry data from the hull of the ship was used to make a finite element model, and through this model calculate the average strain on each element. The method was based on a previous research project conducted on the Swedish warship Vasa by a research group at the Division of Applied Mechanics at Uppsala University. The measurements of the ship was formed into a hull by Delaunay triangulation. The strain was approximated as a Green strain and evaluated using isoparametric mapping of the elements. Through the nodal displacements, the strain was evaluated by approximating the elements as tetrahedrons and calculating the average strain from these elements between the measurements. The result showed an oscillating behavior of the displacements, proving the proposal of seasonal depending displacements. The measured principal strains also matched to the corresponding relative humidity fluctuation during the year. The strain magnitude was relatively even throughout the ship, mostly varying between ±0.4% but certain areas were more subjected than others. A few elements on the starboard side showed very large strains through most of the measurements, this seemed very unusual and was probably the result of inaccuracies or errors in the data. Though the ship is subjected to relative small strains and permanent displacements after annual cycles, the mechano-sorptive strains may lead to accumulated deformation and eventually failure in the weak parts of the wood or at the high stress concentraion parts. In addition, the cyclic strain even in elastic range may cause fatigue failure in any material which could pose a large threat for the future conservation of the ship.

The topic of this thesis are subdivisions of simplicial complexes, in particular we focus on the so-called antiprism triangulation. In the first main part, the real-rootedness of the h-polynomial of the antiprism triangulation of the simplex is proven. Furthermore, we study combinatorial interpretations of several invariants as the h- and local h-vector. In the second part, we show the almost strong Lefschetz property of the antiprism triangulation for every shellable simplicial complex.

The goal of this diplma thesis is to design a system for axial bearings parameter measurement. The system uses principles of 2D active optical triangulation. The system will have a capability of compensating error caused by refraction on preservative oil layer, which the bearings are covered in.

This diploma thesis is focused on research of localization algorithms. Each developed localization algorithms are generally application specific. Because of application requirements diversity, many variants of localization algorithms exist. In case of finding appropriate localization algorithm for concrete application usability, existence of real condition simulation environment is useful. Development of this simulation environment was made simultaneously with both localization algorithms. At first, survey of available localization technic was performed and their summary was listed. Further work was aimed on research of two localization algorithms. Both of them use triangulation mechanism to determine unknown node position. This mechanism is based on measurement of distance to three reference points with known position. It would seem that both algorithms are similar, but simulation shows their difference and presents their suitability for diverse conditions.

The diploma thesis is focused on two localization algorithms, iterative algorithm, and a linked algorithm simulated in MATLAB. Further, the investigation of the influence of input errors on the errors in localization of sensor nodes examined algorithms and explore possible relationships between the input errors and localization errors. Subsequently are submitted possible ways to optimize and their results.

This thesis deals with algorithms of visual odometry and its application on the experimental vehicle Car4. The first part contains different researches in this area on which the solution process is based. Next chapters introduce theoretical design and ideas of monocular and stereo visual odometry algorithms. The third part deals with the implementation in the software MATLAB with the use of Image processing toolbox. After tests done and based on real data, the chosen algorithm is applied to the vehicle Car4 used in practical conditions of interior and exterior. The last part summarizes the results of the work and address the problems which are asociated with the application of visual obmetry algorithms.

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