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Sistema adesivo odontológico com nanocápsulas contendo fármacos / Dental adhesive system containing drugs-loaded nanocapsulesGenari, Bruna January 2016 (has links)
O objetivo da presente tese foi desenvolver um adesivo com nanocápsulas (NCs), contendo indometacina, e um sistema adesivo com nanocápsulas (NC), contendo indometacina e triclosan, e avaliar suas propriedades. As NCs foram produzidas por meio do método de deposição de polímero, secas e caracterizadas quanto ao tamanho de partículas, à forma, quantidade de fármaco encapsulado e citotoxicidade. Uma resina adesiva foi formulada. Foram adicionadas ao adesivo 1%, 2%, 5% e 10% de NCs em massa, e um grupo permaneceu sem NC. As NCs, contendo indometacina e triclosan, foram também incorporadas no primer comercial a 2% em peso e um grupo permaneceu sem NCs. Os adesivos foram avaliados quanto ao GC imediato e tardio, à degradação em solvente, liberação dos fármacos, difusão de indometacina pela dentina e resistência de união. O adesivo com 10% de NCs, contendo indometacina, foi também avaliado quanto à ação anti-inflamatória em modelo animal. O primer e o adesivo com as diferentes concentrações de NCs, contendo indometacina e triclosan, foram avaliados quanto à liberação dos fármacos, difusão de indometacina pela dentina, ao efeito antimicrobiano, grau de conversão (GC) in situ, ângulo de contato e à resistência de união à microtração. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA, Tukey e teste t. As NCs apresentaram forma esférica e viabilidade celular acima de 80%. As NCs, contendo indometacina, apresentaram diâmetro médio de 165 nm e as NCs, contendo indometacina e triclosan, 159 nm. O adesivo, contendo 10% de NCs com indometacina, apresentou efeito anti-inflamatório. A incorporação de NCs não alterou o GC, que variou de 63,63 ± 1,01% a 70,50 ± 2,08%. A degradação em solvente não foi alterada com 2% de NCs. Tanto os adesivos quanto o primer apresentaram liberação controlada. A indometacina permeou através da dentina. O adesivo e primer também apresentaram efeito antimicrobiano. A incorporação de NCs no primer e no adesivo não influenciou o GC in situ nem a resistência de união imediata, em comparação aos materiais sem NCs. O uso concomitante do primer e adesivo com NCs aumentou o ângulo de contato e diminuiu a resistência de união longitudinal. Conclui-se que o uso do adesivo com a incorporação de NCs tem potencial para proporcionar ações terapêuticas à adesão dentinária. / The aim of the present thesis was to develop an adhesive with nanocapsules (NCs) containing indomethacin and an adhesive system with nanocapsules containing indomethacin and triclosan and to evaluate their properties. NCs were prepared by the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer technique, dried and characterized regarding particle size, encapsulated drug content and cytotoxicity. Adhesive resin was produced. Concentrations of 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% of NCs were added in the adhesive and a group was maintained with no NCs. Indomethacin and triclosan-loaded NCs were also incorporated into a commercial primer in a concentration of 2% and a group was maintained with no NCs. Adhesives were evaluated regarding immediate and late degree of conversion (DC), degradation in solvent, drug release, indomethacin diffusion through dentin and bond strength. The adhesive with 10% of NCs containing indomethacin was also evaluated regarding the anti-inflammatory effect in an animal model. Primer and adhesive with different concentrations of NCs containing indomethacin and triclosan were evaluated regarding drug release, indomethacin diffusion through dentin, antimicrobial effect, in situ degree of conversion, contact angle and bond strength. Data were analyzed through ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc and t-test.NCs presented a spherical shape and cell viability higher than 80%. NCs containing indomethacin presented an averaged size of 165 nm and NCs containing indomethacin and triclosan, 159 nm. The adhesive with 10% of NCs containing indomethacin presented anti-inflammatory effect. The incorporation of NCs presented no alteration of DC, varying from 63.63 ± 1.01% a 70.50 ± 2.08%. Degradation in solvent suffers no influence of NCs with 2% of NCs. Adhesives and primer presented controlled drug release. Indomethacin diffused through dentin. Adhesive and primer also presented an antimicrobial effect. The incorporation of NCs in adhesive and primer showed no influence on in situ DC and immediate bond strength compared to materials with no NCs. The use in combination of primer and adhesive with NCs resulted in higher contact angle and lower longitudinal bond strength. It is possible to conclude that the use adhesive with incorporation of NCs has potential to provide therapeutic effects on dentin adhesion.
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Sistema adesivo odontológico com nanocápsulas contendo fármacos / Dental adhesive system containing drugs-loaded nanocapsulesGenari, Bruna January 2016 (has links)
O objetivo da presente tese foi desenvolver um adesivo com nanocápsulas (NCs), contendo indometacina, e um sistema adesivo com nanocápsulas (NC), contendo indometacina e triclosan, e avaliar suas propriedades. As NCs foram produzidas por meio do método de deposição de polímero, secas e caracterizadas quanto ao tamanho de partículas, à forma, quantidade de fármaco encapsulado e citotoxicidade. Uma resina adesiva foi formulada. Foram adicionadas ao adesivo 1%, 2%, 5% e 10% de NCs em massa, e um grupo permaneceu sem NC. As NCs, contendo indometacina e triclosan, foram também incorporadas no primer comercial a 2% em peso e um grupo permaneceu sem NCs. Os adesivos foram avaliados quanto ao GC imediato e tardio, à degradação em solvente, liberação dos fármacos, difusão de indometacina pela dentina e resistência de união. O adesivo com 10% de NCs, contendo indometacina, foi também avaliado quanto à ação anti-inflamatória em modelo animal. O primer e o adesivo com as diferentes concentrações de NCs, contendo indometacina e triclosan, foram avaliados quanto à liberação dos fármacos, difusão de indometacina pela dentina, ao efeito antimicrobiano, grau de conversão (GC) in situ, ângulo de contato e à resistência de união à microtração. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA, Tukey e teste t. As NCs apresentaram forma esférica e viabilidade celular acima de 80%. As NCs, contendo indometacina, apresentaram diâmetro médio de 165 nm e as NCs, contendo indometacina e triclosan, 159 nm. O adesivo, contendo 10% de NCs com indometacina, apresentou efeito anti-inflamatório. A incorporação de NCs não alterou o GC, que variou de 63,63 ± 1,01% a 70,50 ± 2,08%. A degradação em solvente não foi alterada com 2% de NCs. Tanto os adesivos quanto o primer apresentaram liberação controlada. A indometacina permeou através da dentina. O adesivo e primer também apresentaram efeito antimicrobiano. A incorporação de NCs no primer e no adesivo não influenciou o GC in situ nem a resistência de união imediata, em comparação aos materiais sem NCs. O uso concomitante do primer e adesivo com NCs aumentou o ângulo de contato e diminuiu a resistência de união longitudinal. Conclui-se que o uso do adesivo com a incorporação de NCs tem potencial para proporcionar ações terapêuticas à adesão dentinária. / The aim of the present thesis was to develop an adhesive with nanocapsules (NCs) containing indomethacin and an adhesive system with nanocapsules containing indomethacin and triclosan and to evaluate their properties. NCs were prepared by the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer technique, dried and characterized regarding particle size, encapsulated drug content and cytotoxicity. Adhesive resin was produced. Concentrations of 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% of NCs were added in the adhesive and a group was maintained with no NCs. Indomethacin and triclosan-loaded NCs were also incorporated into a commercial primer in a concentration of 2% and a group was maintained with no NCs. Adhesives were evaluated regarding immediate and late degree of conversion (DC), degradation in solvent, drug release, indomethacin diffusion through dentin and bond strength. The adhesive with 10% of NCs containing indomethacin was also evaluated regarding the anti-inflammatory effect in an animal model. Primer and adhesive with different concentrations of NCs containing indomethacin and triclosan were evaluated regarding drug release, indomethacin diffusion through dentin, antimicrobial effect, in situ degree of conversion, contact angle and bond strength. Data were analyzed through ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc and t-test.NCs presented a spherical shape and cell viability higher than 80%. NCs containing indomethacin presented an averaged size of 165 nm and NCs containing indomethacin and triclosan, 159 nm. The adhesive with 10% of NCs containing indomethacin presented anti-inflammatory effect. The incorporation of NCs presented no alteration of DC, varying from 63.63 ± 1.01% a 70.50 ± 2.08%. Degradation in solvent suffers no influence of NCs with 2% of NCs. Adhesives and primer presented controlled drug release. Indomethacin diffused through dentin. Adhesive and primer also presented an antimicrobial effect. The incorporation of NCs in adhesive and primer showed no influence on in situ DC and immediate bond strength compared to materials with no NCs. The use in combination of primer and adhesive with NCs resulted in higher contact angle and lower longitudinal bond strength. It is possible to conclude that the use adhesive with incorporation of NCs has potential to provide therapeutic effects on dentin adhesion.
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Estudo da ação do Triclosan em pacientes portadores de aparelho ortodontico fixo (45 meses)Tubel, Carlos Alberto Malanconi 25 July 2002 (has links)
Orientador: Antonio Wilson Sallum / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T03:14:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar em um período de 45 meses a ação do triclosan em pacientes portadores de aparelho ortodôntico fixo (técnica de Roth). Participaram do experimento 50 pacientes do curso de especialização em ortodontia na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, leucodermas, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 12 a 17 anos, portadores de maloclusão Classe I e Classe II de Angle, os quais foram orientados e supervisionados para efetuar a escovação após as principais refeições, (4 vezes ao dia), juntamente com o dentifrício designado. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente divididos em 2 grupos experimentais: grupo A (Controle) com escovação associada a um dentifrício placebo, e o grupo B (Teste) com escovação associada ao dentifrício contendo triclosan. Durante a pesquisa foram realizadas 10 avaliações, sendo a primeira realizada antes da colocação do aparelho ortodôntico fixo e as demais avaliações foram realizadas nos seguintes períodos: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, meses, após o uso do aparelho ortodôntico fixo, sendo a ultima avaliação executada nó 45° mês após a retirada do aparelho ortodôntico fixo, onde foram registrados o índice de placa supra gengival de SILNESS & LÖE e o índice gengival de LÖE & SILNESS de todos os pacientes, nas diferentes épocas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística, utilizando a comparação entre os tratamentos e épocas.Concluiu-se que: 1. Os dados sugerem que um dentifrício contendo triclosan, deveria ser formulado para o controle efetivo na formação da placa bacteriana e gengivite; 2. O uso de dentifrício contendo triclosan, proporcionou uma melhora no índice de placa bacteriana em 52%, e no índice de sangramento gengival de 58%; 3. A presença de um periodontista durante a terapia ortodôntica é de fundamental importância, na manutenção e restabelecimento dos tecidos periodontais / Abstract: The objective of the present research was to analyze in a period of 45 months the action of triclosanin patients with orthodontic treatment fifty patients of the course of specialization in orthodontics in the Faculdade de Odontologia da Universiade Metropolitana de Santos, leucoderms, of both gendle, in the age range 12 to 25 years old, wíth Class I and Class II malocclusion,which had been guided and supervised to execute brushing after the main meals, (4 times to the day), together with the appointed dentifrice. The patients were dívided in 2 experimental groups: group (Control) with brushing associated with a dentifrice placebo, and group B (Test) with brushing associated with the dentifrice with triclosan. During the research 10 evaluations had been carried through, being the first one carried through before the installation of the fixed orthodontic device and the too much evaluations had been carried through in the following periods: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, months, after the installation of the fixed ortodontic device, being after finish it evaluation executed in the 45° month the withdrawal of the fixed ortodontic device, where they had been registered the plate index supplies gengival of SILNESS & LÖE and the gengival index of LÖE & SILNESS of all the patients, at the different times. The gotten data were submitted the estatistic analysis, using the comparison between the treatments and time. Conclusions: 1. The data suggest that a dentifiice with triclosan would have to be formulated for the effective control in the formation of the bacterial plate and gengivitis; 2. The withdrawal of the ortodontic device, provided an improvement in the indice of bacterial plaque in 52%, and the indice of gengival bleed of 58%; 3. Ortodontist the periodontist partnership is of basic important, because together they promote health periodontal, providing the minimum of sequelas to individual during the ortodontic therapy / Doutorado / Doutor em Ortodontia
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Novel Diagnostic Approaches for Genetic and Environmental Sources of Mitochondrial DysfunctionThomson, Alexander Hugh 14 June 2023 (has links)
With cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative conditions on the rise, understanding their pathogenesis is paramount to tackling this public health crisis. Current research indicates that the primary cause of these diseases is mitochondrial dysfunction in the affected patients. While genetics plays a role in these conditions, lifestyle choices and exposure to toxins also significantly contribute to their development. Unfortunately, early-stage diagnosis can be difficult due to overlapping symptoms with other diseases. Developing innovative therapies that can prevent or reverse the deterioration of metabolic dysfunctions is critical to establishing early intervention. My research focused on investigating molecular targets linked with Friedrich's Ataxia, an inherited metabolic disorder, through conducting functional in-vitro studies using human-derived cell samples, as well as developing inventive animal models created via Xenopus laevis tadpoles to evaluate the effects of environmental stressors. My investigations have uncovered promising treatment options that improve mitochondrial function, mitigate oxidative stress, and elucidate critical mechanisms involved in environmentally induced disruptions to mitochondria. / Doctor of Philosophy / Metabolic dysfunction is a widespread health issue that affects millions of individuals each day. Its associated disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions, are rising due to various factors ranging from genetic predispositions to environmental and lifestyle-related risks. Therefore, there's an urgent need to identify this disorder early on and develop innovative treatment options. Considering this growing public health concern, it has become imperative to establish new methods for detecting metabolic dysfunction at its nascent stage while also exploring potential therapeutic interventions. Our research utilized cells derived from affected patients and animal models in devising novel approaches toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning metabolic dysfunction. Our findings revealed several pathways and molecular targets contributing significantly to this condition, which could effectively be leveraged to develop targeted therapeutic strategies to combat its effects. Expanding our knowledge base will enable us to stay updated with emerging insights on treating metabolic dysfunction effectively while substantially improving patient outcomes.
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Disruption of Early Pregnancy in the CF-1 Mouse: Impacts of Triclosan Alone and in Combination with Bisphenol-ACrawford, Brent R. 10 1900 (has links)
<p>Triclosan is an antimicrobial additive found in a number of personal care and household products. Widely detected in humans, the compound has been given increasing attention due to reports of its endocrine-disrupting potential. Recent evidence indicates that triclosan is mildly estrogenic. The carefully timed event of blastocyst implantation in mammals is modulated in part by estrogen and can be disrupted by above optimal elevations in estrogenic stimulation. Here, we examined the influences of triclosan administration in inseminated female mice. Doses of 18 and 27 mg/animal/day on gestation days (GD) 1–3 reduced implantation site numbers as observed on GD 6, relative to vehicle controls and females given lower doses. Single doses of 18 or 27 mg reduced implantations when given on GD 3, whereas only 27 mg did so when given on GD 2. Subsequently, we examined the impacts on early pregnancy of triclosan in combination with the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A, which has been previously found to disrupt implantation, at doses that were individually ineffective. A combination of 4 mg BPA and 9 mg triclosan/animal/day administered on GD 1–3 reduced the number of implantations observed on GD 6 and increased the length of gestation, relative to controls and those animals simply given one or the other compound. All of these effects mimicked stronger effects seen in positive controls given 17β-estradiol. These data are consistent with the notion that triclosan has mild estrogenic properties, and show that it can act together with a known xenoestrogen to disrupt implantation.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)
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The Mechanisms, Products, and Kinetics of Triclosan-Free Chlorine ReactionsRule, Krista Lynn 18 June 2004 (has links)
The kinetics, products, and reaction pathways of triclosan/free chlorine reactions were investigated for the pH range 3.5-11. Although pH dependent speciation occurs in both triclosan and free chlorine, only the reaction between HOCl and the phenolate-triclosan was found to play a significant role in the kinetics. The second order rate constant for the reaction between phenolate-triclosan and HOCl was found to be 5.40 (±1.82) Ã 103 M⁻¹s⁻¹. Three chlorinated triclosan intermediates were tentatively identified based on mass spectral analysis. Additionally, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and chloroform formed under excess free chlorine conditions. The majority of the chloroform formed during the reactions does not form via 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol oxidation. Therefore, the majority of chloroform is likely formed via the oxidation of triclosan's phenolic ring. Based on the identified products, a reaction pathway was proposed for the oxidation of triclosan in the presence of free chlorine. / Master of Science
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Surface Engineered Novel Patterned Polymers to Remove Pathogenic Biofilms from Human Skin. Effective Removal of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria from Chronic WoundsNorton, Paul A. January 2023 (has links)
A silent pandemic, chronic, non-healing wounds are a major cause of morbidity, with treatment and management representing significant health burdens. The opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common species isolated from chronic wounds. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a biocompatible and, inexpensive to fabricate polymer, can undergo various modifications. The ability of the produced polymers to attract S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, either from the planktonic state, or while sessile in biofilms on ex vivo skin, was investigated using flat (FL) or patterned (PT) PDMS with or without 1% or 10% triclosan
Patterned PDMS + 10% triclosan (PT 10%) attracted significantly more live S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, as determined using Colony Forming Unit (CFU) analysis (*p<0.01), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (*p<0.01) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) (*p<0.01). The released triclosan was not cytotoxic against either bacteria or primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts using Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salts (WST-1) assay. High performance liquid chromatography analysis highlights low level of triclosan release from the PDMS. Bacterial infection in co-culture using the Boyden chamber assay increased fibroblast viability in the presence of PDMS (*p<0.05). PT 10% demonstrated superior biofilm transfer from epidermis (*p<0.05), in comparison to all other analysed polymers. In summary, the unique topography of PDMS combined with triclosan attracted bacteria most efficiently. This promising data suggests potential for engineering a patterned polymer to physically transfer biofilms from wounds, and importantly lacks bactericidal properties which is vital in the quest to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Comparação da eficácia antimicrobiana de sabonetes contendo óleo essencial de Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) e triclosan na higienização de mãos artificialmente contaminadas / Comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness of soaps containing essential oil of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and triclosan in hand hygiene artificially contaminatedGnatta, Juliana Rizzo 11 June 2012 (has links)
Introdução. Os efeitos antimicrobianos dos óleos essenciais têm sido relatados na literatura científica, sobretudo referentes ao óleo essencial de Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). Tal óleo essencial tem demonstrado propriedades antissépticas e pode representar uma alternativa de um produto natural para higienização das mãos nos estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde que por ora utilizam predominantemente produtos à base de triclosan e clorexidina. Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia da higiene das mãos na redução da carga microbiana realizada com duas formulações de sabonetes líquidos já disponíveis no mercado, contendo: óleo essencial de Tea Tree 0,3% e sabonete com triclosan na concentração de 0,5%; comparar dois procedimentos referência, sendo um da metodologia oficial (soft soap) e o outro da versão draft (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Método. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes da metodologia do Comitê Europeu de Padronização, EN 1499, indicada para avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana de produtos para higiene das mãos. A metodologia recomenda a contaminação artificial das mãos de 12 a 15 voluntários sadios com Escherichia coli K12, seguida pela higienização das mãos com cada produto em avaliação. Ainda segundo a metodologia, os resultados além de serem comparados entre si, são comparados com um sabão de referência (soft soap), no mesmo voluntário, dia e sob condições ambientais semelhantes. Foi realizada a contagem do número de microrganismos antes (pré-valores) e após (pós-valores) cada procedimento. O fator de redução logaritimica entre os pré e pós-valores representou a atividade antimicrobiana de cada produto testado, permitindo evidenciar a eficácia dos produtos em teste comparativamente ao produto referência (soft soap seguido ou não por propan-2-ol). Resultados. Em termos de redução logarítmica, o sabonete contendo óleo essencial de Tea Tree à 0,3% foi mais eficaz do que o sabonete contendo triclosan à 0,5% (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10), porém, pelo teste de Wilcoxon, não houve diferença estatisticamente signficante. Em relação à eficácia antimicrobiana, nenhum dos dois sabonetes apresentou desempenho superior a nenhum dos dois procedimentos referência (soft soap ou soft soap + propan-2-ol). O procedimento de higienização das mãos de referência utilizando soft soap + propan-2-ol (proposto pela versão draft da metodologia EN 1499), demonstrou-se mais eficaz do que apenas o uso do soft soap (descrito na metodologia oficial). / Introduction. The antimicrobial effects of essential oils have been reported in scientific literature, especially about essential oil of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). This essential oil has shown antiseptic properties and may represent a natural and alternative product for hand hygiene in health care establishments that currently use products based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. Objective. Evaluate the efficacy of hand hygiene in reducing microbial load performed with two differents formulations of liquid soaps available: Tea Tree essential oil 0.3% soap and triclosan 0.5% soap; compare two references procedure, one of the official methodology (soft soap) and one of the draft version (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Method. Was used the guidelines of the European Committee for Standardization, EN1499 methodology, indicated to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptics for hand hygiene. The methodology recommends the artificial contamination of hands from 12 to 15 healthy volunteers with Escherichia coli K12 followed by washing hands with each product under evaluation. According to the methodology, results should be compared between products and with a reference soap (\"soft soap\"), in the same subject, same day and under similar environmental conditions. Were counted the number of microorganisms before (pre-values) and after (post-values) handwashing. The logarithmic reduction factor between pre-and post-values represents the antimicrobial activity of each product under test, showing the efficacy of products under test compared to the reference product (soft soap follwed or not followed by propan-2-ol). Results. In terms of logarithmic reduction, the soap containing the tea tree essential oil 0.3% was more efficacious than the soap containing 0.5% triclosan (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10). However, the Wilcoxon test does not detected statistically significant diference. Regarding the antimicrobial efficacy, none of the two soaps showed superior performance to either references procedure (soft soap or soft soap + propan-2-ol). The procedure for reference hand hygiene using soft soap + propan-2-ol, (proposed by the draft version of the methodology EN 1499) showed to be more efficacious than use only soft soap (described in the oficial methodology).
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Desenvolvimento de dois géis para a mucosa bucal de pacientes internados sob ventilação mecânica: análise in vitro das atividades antimicrobiana, hidratante e da citotoxicidade / Development of two gels for the oral mucosa of patients hospitalized under mechanical ventilation: in vitro analysis of antimicrobial, moisturizing and cytotoxicity activitiesSantos, Camila Thomaz dos 05 July 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-07-05 / As Infecções Relacionadas a Assistência à Saúde são consideradas as principais causas de morbidade e de mortalidade no âmbito hospitalar, principalmente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Uma das infecções mais comuns que acometem pacientes em uso de ventilação mecânica por intubação orotraqueal é a Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica. Esta infecção apresenta grande relação com a microbiota bucal alterada. Além disso, tais pacientes geralmente apresentam hipossalivação, com ressecamento intenso da mucosa, fissuras e lesões traumáticas bucais. Desta forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver dois géis com atividade antimicrobiana (um gel com digluconato de clorexidina 0,12% e um gel de Triclosan 0,03%) associado a um hidratante (D-pantenol), para serem aplicados na mucosa bucal de pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O estudo apresenta caráter interdisciplinar, pois os géis foram formulados e submetidos a testes in vitro, integrando conhecimentos na área da odontologia, farmácia, microbiologia e citologia. A caracterização de cada gel foi realizada por propriedades organolépticas e físico-químicas. Também foram verificadas as propriedades antimicrobiana, de hidratação e citotoxicidade. Os resultados dos testes de caracterização demonstraram que os géis apresentaram características organolépticas, pH, densidade e viscosidade ideais para serem utilizados na mucosa bucal de pacientes internados. Na atividade antimicrobiana, todas as cepas testadas foram sensíveis ao uso do gel contendo digluconato de clorexidina 0,12% com valores melhores quando comparado ao colutório de clorexidina comercial disponível. Em relação ao gel de triclosan 0,03%, a ação antimicrobiana foi superior quando comparado com o enxaguante bucal contendo triclosan 0,03%. Além disso, o gel de triclosan foi considerado um produto não citotóxico e hidratante para mucosa bucal. Já o gel de digluconato de clorexidina 0,12% demonstrou-se citotóxico e não apresentou propriedade hidratante. De forma geral, os dois géis demonstraram que podem ser utilizados para o controle da microbiota bucal dos pacientes internados, bem como o gel de triclosan pode hidratar a mucosa bucal, oferecendo maior conforto ao paciente hospitalizado. / Infections Related to Healthcare Assistance are considered the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting, especially in Intensive Care Units. One of the most common infections affecting patients undergoing mechanical ventilation per orotracheal intubation is ventilator-associated pneumonia. This infection presents a great relation with the altered oral microbiota. In addition, such patients usually present hyposalivation, with intense mucosa dryness, fissures and traumatic mouth lesions. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop two gels with antimicrobial activity (a 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate gel and a 0.03% triclosan gel) associated with a moisturizing agent (d-panthenol) to be applied in the mucosa of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. The study presents an interdisciplinary character, on this account the gels were formulated and submitted to in vitro tests, integrating knowledge in the areas of dentistry, pharmacy, microbiology and cytology. The characterization of each gel was carried out by the organoleptic properties (color, odor, appearance and consistency), as well as physicochemical properties (pH, density and viscosity). The antimicrobial, hydration and cytotoxicity properties were also verified. The results of the characterization tests showed that the gels had organoleptic characteristics, pH, density and viscosity ideal for use in the oral mucosa of hospitalized patients. In the antimicrobial activity, all the strains tested were sensitive to the use of the gel containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate with better values when compared to the available commercial chlorhexidine mouthwash. Regarding the gel of 0.03% triclosan, the antimicrobial action was also superior when compared to the oral rinse containing 0.03% triclosan. In addition, triclosan gel was considered a non-cytotoxic and moisturizing product for oral mucosa. On the other hand, the gel of 0.11% chlorhexidine digluconate was cytotoxic and showed no moisturizing properties. In general, the two gels demonstrated that they can be used to control the oral microbiota of inpatients, as well as the triclosan gel can hydrate the oral mucosa, offering greater comfort to the hospitalized patient.
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Desenvolvimento de metodologia eletroanalítica para determinação de triclosan em águas naturais. / Development of electroanalytical methodology for the determination of triclosan in natural waters.Lima, Elaine Meneses Souza 19 June 2009 (has links)
This work has like objective develop a methodology for determination of triclosan (2,4,4' tricloro-2 -hidroxidifenol ether), in natural waters through the carbon paste electrode use chemically modified with humin, insoluble fraction of the peat obtained from turf of Saint Amaro of Brotas. The triclosan is commercially known like Irgasan DP 300®, is a bactericidal of ample spectrum, used broadly in products of personal hygiene, in the industry textile and pharmaceutical. Triclosan is introduced in the environment through the
discarding of domestic, industrial sewer and for packings of hygienic cleaning products. It is considered low toxicity, however his metabolite are more lipofílic and more persistent in the aquatic environment, among them are: metyl-triclosan, chlorophenol, quinone and the dioxin. The inquiry of the physical-chemical characteristics and the capacity of absorption of triclosan by the paste of carbon and of the paste of carbon modified with humin were carried out using scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive
system (SEM/EDS), electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and by espectrofotometry. Results of SEM/EDS and EPR showed that there is a significant interaction of the triclosan with the paste of carbon modified with humin. The capacity of absorption of the paste of carbon modified with humin
is bigger than to of the paste carbon, 4,76 ± 0.01 of paste. The study of the behavior electrodic of the triclosan in the electrode modified was developed employing itself to technical of cyclic voltammetry. The triclosan presented a peak of irreversible oxidation in 0,386 V (vs Ag/AgCl), under trial controlled by diffusion, with transference of an electron and a proton. Without no previous treatment of the sample, the approach developed by of screenprinted by square wave voltammetry, was what it got better resulted analytical, with limits of detection of 2,0 x 10-6 mol.L-1 and quantification 6,0 x 10-6 mol.L-1, with index of recuperation for 4,0 x 10-6 mol.L-1 of 100,4 %. The presence of triclosan was detected in waters of the river San Francisco in the concentration of 6,5 x 10-6 mol.L-1 by the approach voltammetry developed.
The approach was validated comparing the results with the technical one of espectrofotometry, not having significant difference between the approaches
for interval of confidence of 95 %. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para determinação de triclosan (2,4,4 tricloro-2 -hidroxidifenol éter), em águas naturais através do uso de eletrodo de pasta de carbono quimicamente modificado com humina, fração insolúvel da turfa obtida da turfeira de Santo
Amaro das Brotas SE. O triclosan, é comercialmente conhecido como Irgasan DP 300®, é um bactericida de amplo espectro, usado amplamente em produtos de higiene pessoal, na indústria têxtil e farmacêutica. O triclosan é introduzido no meio ambiente através do descarte de esgoto doméstico, industrial e por embalagens de produtos de higienização. É
considerado de baixa toxicidade, porém seus metabólitos são mais lipofílicos e mais persistentes no meio ambiente aquático, dentre eles estão: metiltriclosan, clorofenóis, quinonas e as dioxinas. A investigação das características físico-químicas e a capacidade de adsorção de triclosan pela pasta de carbono e da pasta de carbono modificada com humina foram realizadas usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplada a sistema de energia dispersiva (MEV-EDS), ressonância eletrônica paramagnética nuclear (EPR) e por espectrofotometria. Resultados de MEV/EDS e EPR
mostraram que há uma interação significativa do triclosan com a pasta de carbono modificada com humina. A capacidade de adsorção da pasta de carbono modificada com humina é de 4,76 ± 0,01 mg.g-1 de pasta. O estudo do comportamento eletródico do triclosan no eletrodo modificado foi
desenvolvido empregando-se a técnica de voltametria cíclica. O triclosan apresentou um pico de oxidação irreversível em 0,386 V vs Ag/AgCl, sob processo controlado por difusão, com transferência de um elétron e um próton. Sem nenhum tratamento prévio da amostra, o método desenvolvido
por voltametria de redissolução anódica por onda quadrada foi o que obteve melhores resultados analíticos, com limites de detecção de 2,0 x 10-6 mol.L-1 e de quantificação 6,0 x 10-6 mol.L-1, com recuperação para 4,0 x 10-6 mol.L-1 de 100,4 %. A presença de triclosan foi detectada em águas do rio São
Francisco na concentração de 6,5 x 10-6 mol.L-1 pelo método voltamétrico desenvolvido. O método foi validado comparando os resultados com a técnica de espectrofotometria, não havendo diferença significativa entre os métodos para intervalo de confiança de 95 %.
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