Groupe surréaliste en activité pendant l'Occupation allemande, la Main à plume représente un moment dense du communisme des esprits surréaliste. C’est une génération nouvelle caractérisée par la rencontre entre des héritiers directs du mouvement d'avant-guerre proches d'André Breton, et un groupement hétérodoxe composé de transfuges des Réverbères, une revue post-dadaïste active dans les dernières années d'avant-guerre, de personnalités plus périphériques et aussi par une proximité entre le surréalisme parisien et le surréalisme belge. À son actif, on compte de nombreuses plaquettes collectives et individuelles, dont le célèbre Poésie et Vérité 42 d'Éluard. Le groupe s'est approprié la geste surréaliste et a investi la question poétique autant comme signe d'un ralliement dans le champ littéraire de l'Occupation que comme lieu d'une vie plus valable. Elle a fait de la poésie collective et des œuvres en collaboration un des axes de son activité. La Main à plume est aussi une micro-société éprouvée par la guerre, comptant des juifs et des étrangers en son sein, des jeunes gens soumis au STO. Elle est marquée par un engagement, en lien avec les trotskistes d'abord, dans la lutte contre l'Occupant et que le groupe va payer durement. En quelques années, la Main à plume a abordé les grandes questions de la poétique surréaliste dans une approche expérimentale, propice à l'émergence de nouveaux protocoles d'invention et une valorisation des matériaux de la réalité, comme matière créatrice. Elle s'est penché sur de nouveaux médiums, comme la musique. Elle est également marquée par une approche théorique du surréalisme dont l’aboutissement sont les recherches collectives autour de L'Objet, un projet de plaquette collective qui va rester inédit. / La Main à plume, a surrealist group active during the German occupation, represents a particularly intense moment of communism of the surrealist minds. This generation is characterized by the encounter between the direct inheritors of the pre-war movement close to André Breton and a heterodox group built by deserters of Réverbères, a post-Dadaist magazine which had been active during the last years of the pre-war years, as well as more peripheral personalities, and a proximity between the Parisian and the Belgian surrealism. Whilst active they produced several collective and individual volumes of poetry, among them the famous Poésie et Vérité 42 by Paul Éluard. The group adopted the surrealistic gesture and invested the poetical question as a sign of joining the literary scene of the Occupation, as well as the place of a more valuable life. The group made collective poetry and collaboration the central themes of its activities. La Main à plume was also a micro-society struck by war, including Jews and foreigners within the group, a youth forced into the compulsory work service (STO). La Main à plume makes collective poetry and collaborative work one of the central themes of its activities. La Main à plume was also a micro-society hit by the war, including Jews and foreigners within the group, young people forced to Compulsory Work Service. The group is marked by its engagement, firstly in connection with the Trotskyists, then against the forces of the Occupation, for which they paid dearly. In a few years, La Main à plume had tackled the great questions of surrealist poetry through an experimental approach, offering new protocols of invention and valorizing the materials of reality as artistic materials. They looked to new mediums, such as music. They also conceived of a theoretical approach to surrealism, which took the form of intensive collective research around L’Objet, a poetry volume which remains unpublished.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAVA.pdf: 1239165 bytes, checksum: 432fdfdaf080988e96abc35883fc6fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-06 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The dissertation analyzes the Socialist Democracy s (DS) trajectory between 1979, year of its foundation, and 1987, when the resolution about the Brazilian Workers Party s (PT) internal trends was approved. The DS was created on the strength of the unification of regional groups that acted in the student movement along with old left militants and since its beginning it contributed to the creation of the PT. During this period, the Socialist Democracy was one of the organizations that grew the most inside the party, holding managerial positions in its board, enjoying good relationships with its management and having most of its proposals incorporated by the PT. The hypothesis of this work is that this growth was a result of the performance marked by critiscism of the party and its leadership, and also because of the support to its management and respect of their own decisions, in an intermediate position that differentiated the Socialist Democracy of other PT s left organizations, especially that of the trotskists. / A dissertação analisa a trajetória da Democracia Socialista (DS) entre 1979, ano da sua fundação, e 1987, quando foi aprovada a resolução sobre as tendências internas do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT). A DS foi criada a partir da unificação de grupos regionais que atuavam no movimento estudantil com antigos militantes de esquerda e desde o início participou das articulações para a formação do PT. Durante esse período, a Democracia Socialista foi uma das organizações que mais cresceu dentro do partido, conquistando cargos na sua direção, gozando de boa relação com seus principais dirigentes e tendo a maior parte das suas propostas incorporadas pelo PT. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que esse crescimento foi resultado de uma atuação marcada pela crítica ao partido e à sua liderança, mas também pelo apoio aos seus dirigentes e respeito às decisões internas, numa posição intermediária que diferenciou a Democracia Socialista das outras organizações de esquerda do PT, em especial das trotskistas.

Orientador: Alvaro Gabriel Bianchi Mendez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T17:07:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_ViniciusAlmeidaRibeiro_M.pdf: 1038017 bytes, checksum: e6f27823e643f2f00c25172868d1fb7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa a trajetória de duas organizações políticas brasileiras que tinham como principal referência teórica o trotskismo. As organizações pesquisadas são a Convergência Socialista e a Democracia Socialista. A trajetória destas organizações é marcada pela participação no PT, partido amplo, com identidade operária e de massas fundado em 1980. O objetivo central da pesquisa é analisar as diferenças entre as duas organizações em sua relação com o PT e, consequentemente, as diferenças políticas entre si. A hipótese central é que as diferenças entre os grupos CS e DS são de natureza tática até 1989 e passam a ser estratégicas a partir de 1991, passando por um período de transição entre um período e o outro / Abstract: This dissertation analyses the course of two Brazilian political organizations that had main theoretical reference the trotskyism. These organizations were Convergência Socialista (Socialist Convergence) and Democracia Socialista (Socialist Democracy). The course of these organizations is marked by the participation in PT, a wide party, identified with workers and the masses of the population, founded in 1980. The main objective of this research is to analyze the differences between both organizations with the PT and, consequently, their political differences. The major hypothesis is that the difference between CS and DS are tactical until 1989 and turn to be strategical in 1991, going through a transitional period between each one / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política