This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of either low or high trailer stocking density (SD) on cattle behavior. British x Continental steers (n = 200; mean BW = 361.53 ± 54.4 kg) were loaded onto one of two truck-towed trailers. Steer behavior and positional orientation were recorded by video camera (8 h). Aggressive behaviors were more frequent (P < 0.0001) in low (178 ± 34.46 kg BW/m2) than high (333 ± 31.84 kg BW/m2) SD. Chin-resting occurred more often (P < 0.05) in low SD, yet there was no difference (P = 0.98) between SD for mounting. There was a SD × trip effect for loss of balance (P < 0.05), ruminating (P < 0.0001), and lying behaviors (P < 0.0001). At both SD, side-left and side-right were the preferred (P < 0.05) standing orientations. These results suggest that SD can affect cattle behavior and orientation en route.

The aim of the Master's thesis is to compare and quantify the impact of the introduction of electronic toll collection system at the costs of the carrier's export transport of Prešov (SK) - Werlte (DE). Attention is devoted to a detailed analysis of the cost of toll truck emission standards Euro II, Euro III and Euro V. Analysis of the toll costs consists of quantifying the unit costs per kilometer, the total annual costs and transport costs in the period of the years 2003 and 2010.

This thesis deals with a truck transport and with influence economic crisis on truck transport. The theoretical part is specialized in the truck transport in general, in the highways and toll in the Czech Republic, in the transporters' association, in international contracts and in the characteristic of truck transport management. The practical part deals with a choosen transport firm and with influence economic crisis on this choosen firm.

Thesis is concerned with one of many regulations which affects cargo truck transport, so-called hours of service. It is restriction related to time of drivers' service. Truck transport means important part of economy as connection between companies or between company and final consumers. Aim of the work is compare regulations in European Union, Canada and USA together with their historical evolution. Differences in regulation are then explained in model transport relations. There are also analyzed individual interested groups which are influenced by these regulations. In final part of the work is looked about pro and con of existing restriction and what are the consequences of observance of the rules or even tightening up the rules.

With increasing trade, freight transport demand has grown tremendously and as sustainability has become an essential concern of our globe, interests in improving and achieving effective and efficient rail freight transport have become an essential needs and focus of the 21st century. However, achieving an improved rail freight transport service and an increased market share in a competitive environment is rather complex in several aspects as freight trains would need to operate with principles and characteristics resembling those of passenger’s traffic in order to attract new type of goods. In order to adopt the principles and characteristics used in passenger trains, airlines and hotel industries into intermodal line train systems, a simulation model has been developed and implemented. The principles for pricing which we have considered are base on the available train capacity along a travel sub-leg and our objective was to increase the performance of the intermodal line cargo train system. We adopted the yield management concept with rail freight customers given the possibility to change their start and/or end train stations (travel sub-leg) and/or to change their departure day in an intermodal line cargo train system. Using our developed simulation tool, we have examined the performance of an intermodal line cargo train system with respect to the dynamic and constant pricing strategy. Our prime objective was to investigate and answer the questions which pricing strategy leads to the best space utilization and performance of an intermodal line train cargo system? Our simulation results show that the dynamic pricing gives the best space utilization and rail freight performance. Dynamic pricing strategy appears good to both the train operators, in term of the revenue generated, and the freight transporters as they achieved reduced transport cost and freights accommodation at train stations different from their closest train stations. / JANNEBERGVÄGEN 37 374 50 ASARUM (+46)736 978 052

The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of driver responsibility during the loading and unloading of the goods at HOPI, the characteristics of the complaints grounds for the selected partner and the presentation of one type of complaints with a proposal to solve how to prevent further damage to the goods. The first part analyzes the responsibility of the carrier, where distinguishes several types of liability including the extent of liability for loss, damage or destruction of the consignment. The practical part describes the work and responsibility of the driver at HOPI. The reasons for Savencia's complaints are characterized, and the last part of the thesis concerns with one reason of complaint (damage of goods) and then proposes a solution.

Subject of this diploma thesis Processes and vehicle fleet optimization at the selected company is to make the processes more effective and to reduce costs associated with operation of vehicle fleet at selected enterprise. The average cost per kilometer, usage of journeys made by vehicles, strengths and weaknesses of an enterprise are observed within analyzes. Processes are evaluated overall through analyzes and after that, suggested suitable solutions are provided.

As estratégias para executar o transporte rodoviário de granéis sólidos agrícolas no Brasil são um desafio à tomada de decisão. Este trabalho emprega a coordenação vertical e a análise da decisão para apresentar uma discussão acerca do processo decisório nas organizações. O método de análise multicritério, baseado em curvas de valor, permite a comparação de arranjos de governança em situações específicas. Para isso, foram definidos os principais objetivos, critérios e variáveis dos problemas de verticalização no transporte, e os resultados obtidos apontaram que o transporte verticalizado apresentou pior desempenho do que alternativas híbridas ou terceirizadas. Tal resultado suporta que em ambientes com alta dependência de custos e com baixa especificidade do ativo há maior tendência de se encontrar estruturas híbridas ou coordenadas via mercado. O levantamento descritivo do transporte rodoviário com empresas embarcadoras de cargas agrícolas bem como o resultado do modelo multicritério aplicado apontaram um mercado de transporte altamente terceirizado, que seria fomentado pela atual incerteza e baixa profissionalização dos transportadores rodoviários. À medida que a diferença de preços entre o modelo terceirizado e verticalizado diminui, há preferência pela estrutura hierárquica, dado o seu melhor desempenho nos benefícios oferecidos. Diante das mudanças no ambiente institucional, tal como a regulamentação dos transportes, os arranjos competitivos podem sofrer alterações. Para os tomadores de decisão, as estruturas verticalizadas poderiam compor com maior escala as estratégias das embarcadoras à medida que os custos da operação própria se aproximem dos valores praticados pelas transportadoras. / The strategies to perform the transportation of agricultural commodities by truck in Brazil are a challenge to decision making. This paper brings together vertical coordination and decision analysis, to present a discussion of decision making in organizations. The Multiple Criterial Decision Analisys (MCDA), method based on value functions, allows comparison of governance arrangements in specific situations. After define the main objectives, criteria and variables found in transport verticalization problems, the results showed worse performance of verticalized arrengements than hybrid or outsourced alternatives. This result supports that in environments with high dependence on low costs and asset low specificity are more likely to meet hybrid or market coordinated structures. However, the descriptive survey of road transport with agricultural shippers and the results of the multicriterial model indicated a highly outsourced transport market, which would be fostered by the current uncertainty and low professionalism of haulers. As the price difference between the outsourced model and vertical decreases there is a preference for hierarchical structure given his best performances in the benefits offered. Given the changes in the institutional environment, such as the transport regulation, competitive arrangements may change. This type of preference by decision makers would compose the vertical structures with more scale strategies by shippers.

As estratégias para executar o transporte rodoviário de granéis sólidos agrícolas no Brasil são um desafio à tomada de decisão. Este trabalho emprega a coordenação vertical e a análise da decisão para apresentar uma discussão acerca do processo decisório nas organizações. O método de análise multicritério, baseado em curvas de valor, permite a comparação de arranjos de governança em situações específicas. Para isso, foram definidos os principais objetivos, critérios e variáveis dos problemas de verticalização no transporte, e os resultados obtidos apontaram que o transporte verticalizado apresentou pior desempenho do que alternativas híbridas ou terceirizadas. Tal resultado suporta que em ambientes com alta dependência de custos e com baixa especificidade do ativo há maior tendência de se encontrar estruturas híbridas ou coordenadas via mercado. O levantamento descritivo do transporte rodoviário com empresas embarcadoras de cargas agrícolas bem como o resultado do modelo multicritério aplicado apontaram um mercado de transporte altamente terceirizado, que seria fomentado pela atual incerteza e baixa profissionalização dos transportadores rodoviários. À medida que a diferença de preços entre o modelo terceirizado e verticalizado diminui, há preferência pela estrutura hierárquica, dado o seu melhor desempenho nos benefícios oferecidos. Diante das mudanças no ambiente institucional, tal como a regulamentação dos transportes, os arranjos competitivos podem sofrer alterações. Para os tomadores de decisão, as estruturas verticalizadas poderiam compor com maior escala as estratégias das embarcadoras à medida que os custos da operação própria se aproximem dos valores praticados pelas transportadoras. / The strategies to perform the transportation of agricultural commodities by truck in Brazil are a challenge to decision making. This paper brings together vertical coordination and decision analysis, to present a discussion of decision making in organizations. The Multiple Criterial Decision Analisys (MCDA), method based on value functions, allows comparison of governance arrangements in specific situations. After define the main objectives, criteria and variables found in transport verticalization problems, the results showed worse performance of verticalized arrengements than hybrid or outsourced alternatives. This result supports that in environments with high dependence on low costs and asset low specificity are more likely to meet hybrid or market coordinated structures. However, the descriptive survey of road transport with agricultural shippers and the results of the multicriterial model indicated a highly outsourced transport market, which would be fostered by the current uncertainty and low professionalism of haulers. As the price difference between the outsourced model and vertical decreases there is a preference for hierarchical structure given his best performances in the benefits offered. Given the changes in the institutional environment, such as the transport regulation, competitive arrangements may change. This type of preference by decision makers would compose the vertical structures with more scale strategies by shippers.

This thesis deals with the general principle of technology as a partial freight logistics center services ČSAD Hodonín, as The paper first lists and describes the activities related to the operation of logistics centers, which are further supplemented by an analysis of the operation, focusing on the loading, unloading and transfer batches of different manufacturing companies. This thesis is further supplemented by a theoretical approach with potential applications in the actual operation. The result is then draft general technological progress in the transportation of goods from the factory to the logistics center using its own freight.