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Pierre Elliott Trudeau was an active participant in the decade of social reform and political awakening that preceded the Quiet Revolution in Quebec, and continued to act as a non-partisan social and political critic until his entry into the federal liberal party in 1966. He based his contribution as pamphleteer for various movements of reform on certain basic philosophical principles. These principles can be described as a belief in the absolute value of humanity, the efficacy of reason in human action, and the necessity of moral participation by the individual in the determination of all phases of his existence. Though these principles are not systematically presented, they are discernible and their understanding is essential as a first step in any appreciation of Trudeau. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Pierre Elliott Trudeau's ideas on liberal democracy and political philosophy are relevant to Canadian life. He is a modern liberal democrat with a vision of the 'Good' society - what he terms the Just Society. The values of a Just Society are numerous, but perhaps, the most important are freedom, equality, and tolerance. These values are core to his theory and are often revealed in his battle against nationalism. Trudeau is radically opposed to notions of ethnic nationalism, such as French Canadian and Aboriginal nationalism, but he supports a type of civic nationalism within a federal, pluralistic system. In his dislike for nationalism, Trudeau is similar to Lord Acton, who has had a major influence on his work. Trudeau also shows thought similar to John Locke, J.S. Mill, I. Berlin, de Tocqueville, Publius, and John Rawls.

Pierre Elliott Trudeau's ideas on liberal democracy and political philosophy are relevant to Canadian life. He is a modern liberal democrat with a vision of the 'Good' society - what he terms the Just Society. The values of a Just Society are numerous, but perhaps, the most important are freedom, equality, and tolerance. These values are core to his theory and are often revealed in his battle against nationalism. Trudeau is radically opposed to notions of ethnic nationalism, such as French Canadian and Aboriginal nationalism, but he supports a type of civic nationalism within a federal, pluralistic system. In his dislike for nationalism, Trudeau is similar to Lord Acton, who has had a major influence on his work. Trudeau also shows thought similar to John Locke, J.S. Mill, I. Berlin, de Tocqueville, Publius, and John Rawls. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

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This dissertation is about influence which is defined as the ability to move ideas forward within, and in some cases across, organizations. More specifically it is about an extraordinary organization called the Club of Rome (COR), who became advocates of the idea of greater use of systems analysis in the development of policy. The systems approach to policy required rational, holistic and long-range thinking. It was an approach that attracted the attention of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Commonality of interests and concerns united the disparate members of the COR and allowed that organization to develop an influential presence within Canada during Trudeau's time in office from 1968 to 1984. <br /><br /> The story of the COR in Canada is extended beyond the end of the Trudeau era to explain how the key elements that had allowed the organization and its Canadian Association (CACOR) to develop an influential presence quickly dissipated in the post-1984 era. The key reasons for decline were time and circumstance as the COR/CACOR membership aged, contacts were lost, and there was a political paradigm shift that was antithetical to COR/CACOR ideas. The broader circumstances that led to the rise and fall of the COR/CACOR's influential presence in Canada from 1968 to circa 1988 also provides a fascinating opportunity to assess political and intellectual tumult and change. <br /><br /> Specific organizations where the COR/CACOR's influential presence was felt included: the Ministry of State for Science and Technology, the International Development Research Centre, the Institute for Research on Public Policy, the Foundation for International Training, and the University of Guelph

This dissertation is about influence which is defined as the ability to move ideas forward within, and in some cases across, organizations. More specifically it is about an extraordinary organization called the Club of Rome (COR), who became advocates of the idea of greater use of systems analysis in the development of policy. The systems approach to policy required rational, holistic and long-range thinking. It was an approach that attracted the attention of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Commonality of interests and concerns united the disparate members of the COR and allowed that organization to develop an influential presence within Canada during Trudeau's time in office from 1968 to 1984. <br /><br /> The story of the COR in Canada is extended beyond the end of the Trudeau era to explain how the key elements that had allowed the organization and its Canadian Association (CACOR) to develop an influential presence quickly dissipated in the post-1984 era. The key reasons for decline were time and circumstance as the COR/CACOR membership aged, contacts were lost, and there was a political paradigm shift that was antithetical to COR/CACOR ideas. The broader circumstances that led to the rise and fall of the COR/CACOR's influential presence in Canada from 1968 to circa 1988 also provides a fascinating opportunity to assess political and intellectual tumult and change. <br /><br /> Specific organizations where the COR/CACOR's influential presence was felt included: the Ministry of State for Science and Technology, the International Development Research Centre, the Institute for Research on Public Policy, the Foundation for International Training, and the University of Guelph

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Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles. / Les outils de suivi des promesses électorales (OSPÉ) produisent un score de complétion des engagements électoraux en considérant chaque promesse comme étant égales. Mais la littérature sur le mandat démocratique montre que chaque promesse n'a pas la même importance dans la société. Cette thèse vise à développer un indice automatisé de pondération des promesses en fonction de leur importance dans la sphère publique. Une étude de la portée de la littérature est menée et montre que plusieurs défis se posent au niveau de l'opérationnalisation de cette importance. Basé sur la littérature existante cette thèse identifie les différentes approches utilisées pour mesurer l'importance par la saillance dans notre société, teste leur fiabilité et les applique au cas du Polimètre, un OSPÉ canadien. Cette recherche prend la forme d'une thèse par articles où le concept de saillance est central. L'article How Can We Size Your Core Issue : Assessing Salience Validity using Psychophysiology compare les résultats de la saillance d'enjeux obtenus à partir de mesures traditionnellement utilisées en science politique avec des résultats issus de mesures physiologiques. Un devis expérimental en laboratoire est déployé afin de déterminer les correspondances entre différentes mesures de saillance personnelle et les réactions émotionnelles des répondants mesurées avec la conduction cutanée et la dilatation pupillaire. Les résultats montrent une forte corrélation entre toutes les mesures testées et valident donc les approches d'enquête conventionnelles utilisées en science politique pour mesurer la saillance des enjeux. L'article Weighting Pledge Trackers Scores : A Measure Based on Pledge Salience est construit sur les conclusions de l'étude de la portée de la littérature ainsi que sur les résultats obtenus par la validation, dans le premier article, des mesures de saillance individuelle. À partir des dimensions de la saillance utilisés dans la littérature - dans l'opinion publique, dans la sphère politique, dans les médias et dans les groupes d'intérêts - une mesure agrégée de la saillance des promesses pondérée est conceptualisée, opérationnalisée puis testée. L'OSPÉ Polimètre Trudeau est utilisé pour comparer son score non pondéré d'accomplissement d'engagement électoraux avec le score pondéré en fonction de la saillance. Le score global de réalisation des promesses pondéré en fonction de la saillance est inférieur à celui non pondéré du Polimètre Trudeau. Finalement, l'article Who cares about pledges ? A conjoint analysis of factors influencing political parties' perception and vote choice in Canada présente les résultats d'un devis de recherche expérimental par analyse conjointe qui évalue l'importance perçue par les citoyens de la complétion des engagements électoraux par les partis élus. Les théories du comportement de vote offrent un aperçu de la façon dont le respect des engagements est considéré par les citoyens lorsqu'ils votent, mais n'aborde pas cette variable en lien avec celles de l'entonnoir de causalité. Cet article mesure l'importance pour les citoyens du respect des engagements en la comparant aux variables de l'entonnoir de causalité. Les résultats montrent que le fait qu'un parti politique respecte ses engagements électoraux et qu'il priorise les enjeux importants pour les répondants sont les prédicteurs les plus forts de la perception qu'ont les répondants de ce parti, et même du choix de vote. Les résultats montrent que parmi l'idéologie, l'attachement émotionnel au parti, les enjeux traités par le parti, l'image du candidat et la réalisation des promesses électorales, cette dernière caractéristique est l'une des plus influentes sur la perception d'un parti par les Canadiens. En somme, les résultats de cette thèse permettent de mieux conceptualiser et opérationnaliser la saillance des promesses électorales. Puisque les perceptions des citoyens par rapport à la complétion des promesses électorales présente une importance dans leur choix de vote, les résultats de cette thèses incitent à considérer les OSPÉ avec prudence. Ces outils présentent un grand potentiel d'impact en termes d'éducation politique, d'information, de construction par les citoyens de leur évaluation des performances gouvernementales ou encore de leur choix de vote. Cet impact potentiel devrait motiver la communauté académique à étudier les méthodologies sous-jacentes à l'établissement de pronostics sur le respect des engagements électoraux de ces outils. Les résultats incitent également à recommander aux développeurs actuels et futurs d'OSPÉ d'intégrer l'indice de pondération des promesses développé dans cette recherche afin de produire un score de complétion plus précis. / Campaign pledge evaluation tools (CPETs) track the congruence between election pledges and their completion and produce a completion score by considering each pledge as equal. But the literature on the democratic mandate shows that not every promise has the same importance in the public arena. This thesis aims to develop a pledge automated weighting index according to each pledge's importance in the society. A scoping review of the literature is conducted and shows that several challenges arise in operationalizing this salience. Based on the existing literature, this thesis identifies the different approaches used to measure importance by salience in our society, tests their reliability and applies them to the case of the Polimeter, a Canadian CPET. This research takes the form of a thesis by articles where the concept of salience is central. The paper How Can We Size Your Core Issue : Assessing Salience Validity using Psychophysiology compare results of society stakes salience obtained with conventional measurements used in political science with physiological measures. An experimental design in laboratory is deployed in order to assess the correspondences between different measures of personal salience and the emotional reactions of respondents measured with skin conduction and pupillary dilation. Results show a strong correlation between all the measures tested and therefore validate the conventional survey approaches used in political science to measure issue salience. The paper Weighting Pledge Fulfillment : A Measure Based on Pledge Salience is built on the conclusions of the scoping review as well as on the results obtained by the validation, in the first article, of the individual salience measurements. From the dimensions of salience used in the literature - in public opinion, in the political arena, in the media and in interest groups - a weighted aggregate measure of pledge salience is conceptualized, operationalized, and tested. The CPET Trudeau Polimeter is used to compare its unweighted electoral commitment achievement score with the weighted score. The overall salience-weighted promise fulfillment score is lower than the unweighted Trudeau Polimeter score. Finally, the paper Who Cares About Pledges ? A Conjoint Analysis of Factors Influencing Political Parties' Perception and Vote Choice in Canada presents results from an experimental research design using conjoint analysis that assess the importance perceived by citizens of the fulfillment of electoral commitments by elected parties. Voting behavior theories offer insight into how fulfillment of commitments is viewed by citizens when they vote, but do not address this variable in relation with the causal funnel variables. This research measures the importance citizens place in governments respecting their commitments by comparing it to the variables of the causal funnel. Results show that the fact that a political party respects its electoral commitments and that it prioritizes the issues that are important to respondents are the strongest predictors of the perception that respondents have of this party, and even of the vote choice. Results also show that among the ideology, the emotional attachment to the party, the issues dealt with by the party, the image of the candidate and the fulfillment of electoral promises, this last characteristic is one of the most influential on the perception of a party by Canadians. In all, the results of this thesis make it possible to better conceptualize and operationalize the salience of electoral promises. Since citizens' perceptions of electoral pledge fulfillment is important in their choice of vote, the results of this thesis encourage to consider CPETs cautiously. These tools have great potential for impact in terms of political education, information, construction by citizens of their evaluation of government performance or their choice of vote. This potential impact should motivate the academic community to study the methodologies underlying CPETs scores. Results also encourage us to recommend that current and future CPETs developers integrate the promise weighting index based on salience developed in this research in order to produce a more accurate completion scores.