The aim of the contritbution was to study potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber protein concentration during growing season in dependence on actual ontogenesis stage of the potato plant. The changes in tuber protein concentration were studied on two potato cultivars - Adora (very early maturing) and Bionta (late maturing). The trial was established under field conditions on the site České Budějovice (380 m). Continuous ore sampling was aimed at following parameters evaluation: average tuber weight, dry matter concentration, crude protein concentration and protein concentration. Early maturing cultivar Adora showed rapid increasing of biomass from the start of ontogenesis and at the same time rapid decreasing of nitrogen compounds and pure protein concentration. The late maturing cultivar Bionta showed much more slow formation of biomass however the decreasing of nitrogen compounds and pure protein concentration was also recorded. Significant effect of ontogenesis stage on crude as well as pure protein concentration was evaluated. Significant effect on crude and pure protein concentration had also cultivar.

Orientador: Adalton Mazetti Fernandes / Coorientador: Rogério Peres Soratto / Banca: Marcelo de Almeida Silva / Banca: Pablo Forlan Vargas / Resumo: A produtividade da batata depende da capacidade da planta sintetizar carboidratos nas folhas e mobilizá-los para os tubérculos em crescimento. Assim, o crescimento foliar excessivo nos estágios tardios do ciclo da cultura pode afetar negativamente a produtividade de tubérculos. Em condições favoráveis ao crescimento da parte aérea das plantas, o uso de retardantes ou reguladores do crescimento vegetal pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar a produtividade da cultura, através da redução no porte das plantas e do aumento na alocação de matéria seca (MS) para os tubérculos em crescimento. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dos reguladores de crescimento vegetal cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, proexadiona cálcica e placobutrazol, no crescimento, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos das cultivares de batata Agata e Mondial. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos independentes, um com a cultivar Agata e outro com a cultivar Mondial. Ambos os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 4x5+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por quatro reguladores vegetais (cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, paclobutrazol e proexadiona cálcica), aplicados nas doses de 25, 50, 100, 200 e 400 g ha-1 do i.a., além do tratamento controle (sem aplicação de regulador vegetal). Na cultivar Agata todos os reguladores de crescimento tiveram efeito semelhante sobre as características ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Potato yield depends on the plant's ability to synthesize carbohydrates in the leaves and mobilize them for growing tubers. Thus, excessive leaf growth in the late stages of the crop cycle can negatively affect tuber yield. Under conditions favorable to shoot growth, the use of retarders or plant growth regulators may be an alternative to improve crop yield by reducing plant size and increasing dry matter (DM) the growing tubers. Thus, the aim of this work was evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, prohexadione calcium and placobutrazol on the growth, yield and quality of potato tubers of Agata and Mondial cultivars. Two independent experiments were conducted, one with the cultivar Agata and the other with the cultivar Mondial. Both experiments were installed in a randomized complete block design in the 4x5+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were represented by four plant regulators (mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol and proexadione calcium), applied at the rates of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g ha-1 of i.a., in addition to the control treatment (without the application of plant growth regulator). In the Agata cultivar, all growth regulators had a similar effect on the growth and yield characteristics of tubers, but the prohexadione calcium regulator decreased the postharvest quality of the tubers. In the Mondial cultivar the growth regulator paclobutrazol was more efficient in reducing the vegetative growth of the plants and maintaining the postharvest quality of the tubers. In both cultivars the greatest effects on growth and commercial yield of tubers occurred between the rates of 50 and 100 g ha-1 of i.a.. In the cultivar Agata the rates of growth regulators reduced the commercial yield of tubers, but in the cultivar Mondial the commercial yield of tubers increased with the application ... / Mestre

Submitted by JESION GEIBEL DA SILVA NUNES null (jesiongeibel@bol.com.br) on 2017-09-15T20:44:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - Jesion Geibel - Versão definitiva-1.pdf: 1754485 bytes, checksum: ce6ee7bf8d8ec4f7f1a0c0904695aa03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-19T17:52:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_jgs_me_bot.pdf: 1754485 bytes, checksum: ce6ee7bf8d8ec4f7f1a0c0904695aa03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T17:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_jgs_me_bot.pdf: 1754485 bytes, checksum: ce6ee7bf8d8ec4f7f1a0c0904695aa03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-20 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A produtividade da batata depende da capacidade da planta sintetizar carboidratos nas folhas e mobilizá-los para os tubérculos em crescimento. Assim, o crescimento foliar excessivo nos estágios tardios do ciclo da cultura pode afetar negativamente a produtividade de tubérculos. Em condições favoráveis ao crescimento da parte aérea das plantas, o uso de retardantes ou reguladores do crescimento vegetal pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar a produtividade da cultura, através da redução no porte das plantas e do aumento na alocação de matéria seca (MS) para os tubérculos em crescimento. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dos reguladores de crescimento vegetal cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, proexadiona cálcica e placobutrazol, no crescimento, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos das cultivares de batata Agata e Mondial. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos independentes, um com a cultivar Agata e outro com a cultivar Mondial. Ambos os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 4x5+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por quatro reguladores vegetais (cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, paclobutrazol e proexadiona cálcica), aplicados nas doses de 25, 50, 100, 200 e 400 g ha-1 do i.a., além do tratamento controle (sem aplicação de regulador vegetal). Na cultivar Agata todos os reguladores de crescimento tiveram efeito semelhante sobre as características de crescimento e de produtividade de tubérculos, mas o regulador de crescimento proexadiona cálcica diminuiu a qualidade póscolheita dos tubérculos. Na cultivar Mondial o regulador de crescimento paclobutrazol foi mais eficiente em reduzir o crescimento vegetativo das plantas e manter a qualidade pós-colheita dos tubérculos. Em ambas as cultivares os maiores efeitos sobre o crescimento e a produtividade comercial de tubérculos ocorreram entre as doses de 50 e 100 g ha-1 do i.a. Na cultivar Agata as doses dos reguladores de crescimento reduziram a produtividade comercial de tubérculos, mas na cultivar Mondial a produtividade comercial de tubérculos aumentou com a aplicação das doses dos reguladores de crescimento. / Potato yield depends on the plant's ability to synthesize carbohydrates in the leaves and mobilize them for growing tubers. Thus, excessive leaf growth in the late stages of the crop cycle can negatively affect tuber yield. Under conditions favorable to shoot growth, the use of retarders or plant growth regulators may be an alternative to improve crop yield by reducing plant size and increasing dry matter (DM) the growing tubers. Thus, the aim of this work was evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, prohexadione calcium and placobutrazol on the growth, yield and quality of potato tubers of Agata and Mondial cultivars. Two independent experiments were conducted, one with the cultivar Agata and the other with the cultivar Mondial. Both experiments were installed in a randomized complete block design in the 4x5+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were represented by four plant regulators (mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol and proexadione calcium), applied at the rates of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g ha-1 of i.a., in addition to the control treatment (without the application of plant growth regulator). In the Agata cultivar, all growth regulators had a similar effect on the growth and yield characteristics of tubers, but the prohexadione calcium regulator decreased the postharvest quality of the tubers. In the Mondial cultivar the growth regulator paclobutrazol was more efficient in reducing the vegetative growth of the plants and maintaining the postharvest quality of the tubers. In both cultivars the greatest effects on growth and commercial yield of tubers occurred between the rates of 50 and 100 g ha-1 of i.a.. In the cultivar Agata the rates of growth regulators reduced the commercial yield of tubers, but in the cultivar Mondial the commercial yield of tubers increased with the application of the doses of growth regulators. / FAPESP: 2015/22885-0

Tuber aestivum is an ectomycorrhizal ascomycete with underground fruit bodies. It is an economically important species, but has been regarded as endangered in Sweden. My inventory has increased the number of reported localities from 3 to 31. It has long been debated whether T. aestivum and T. uncinatum are conspecific or not, so a clarification would help conservation biology and cultivation. My study included 117 fruit bodies of both taxa from 8 countries. The phylogenetic (ITS) and microscopic analyses showed that the two taxa were synonyms and that the spore reticulum height, used to separate the taxa, is not diagnostic. T. aestivum was clearly different from T. mesentericum, which I reported new to Sweden. The Gotland T. aestivum population was genetically distinct (RAPD) from other European specimens. The genetic variation suggested sexual reproduction. The habitat of 18 T. aestivum sites on Gotland were analysed and compared with data from France. No striking functional differences in soil chemistry were found, so a possible T. aestivum ecotype on Gotland would rather be an adaptation to the colder and drier climate. Selecting local T. aestivum inoculum for truffle orchards in Northern Europe could be important for successful truffle production. In 1999, 10 experimental truffle orchards with a total of 240 oak and hazel seedlings were established on Gotland, and as a result of this project 3000 commercial oak seedlings were planted in 2000-2001. In 2004, T. aestivum mycorrhiza was still present in all of the 22 orchards studied on Gotland, some in soils different from natural habitats. In addition, the project has also generated a truffle cultivation association, a truffle company, truffle dog breeding and export of T. aestivum to France.

This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the uptake and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shown to contain different concentrations of Cd in the tuber at maturity. An initial glasshouse trial sought to determine whether differences in tuber Cd between these two cultivars resulted from differences in uptake from the soil, or were due to differences in the allocation of Cd to the various tissues within the plant. Total uptake of Cd from the soil did not differ between cultivars, nor did the yield of tubers. However, there were marked differences in Cd distribution within the plant. Most of the differences in tuber Cd concentration could be accounted for by a large (3-fold) retention of Cd in the roots of cultivar Wilwash. The concentration of Cd in the shoots of Wilwash was also higher than of Kennebec, although to a lesser extent than the roots. Further studies were conducted to trace the pathways of Cd uptake and movement within the plant. A split-pot trial, involving long-term growth of potatoes in 109Cd-labelled soil, was undertaken to determine the overall pattern of Cd distribution and the importance of the root system in supplying Cd to the tubers. The root system of the potato plant is different to many plants, in that the main root system (basal roots) is augmented after tuber initiation by roots extending from the stolon and from the tuber itself. The basal roots were found to be the dominant source of Cd to all tissues and accounted for approximately 85 % of tuber Cd. The remaining tuber Cd was sourced directly from the stolon and tuber roots. However, there was no evidence of a direct link between the main (basal) root system and the stolons. Although Cd was found to accumulate in the periderm of the tubers, there was no uptake into the tuber tissue itself. Isotopic studies were undertaken to investigate the short-term movement of newly absorbed Cd in the xylem and the phloem. Cadmium was found to be highly mobile in both the xylem and phloem, with added Cd being rapidly assimilated into all tissues following both root and foliar application. Newly absorbed Cd was rapidly sequestered by the stems when applied to either the soil or to a source leaf, suggesting that the stems may act as a transitional storage pool when rapid turnover of nutrients and other mineral elements is required during tuber bulking. Inhibition of Cd uptake by zinc (Zn), has been proposed as a method for reducing the concentration of Cd in various agricultural crops, including potatoes. The ability of Zn to reduce Cd uptake was found to be highly dependent upon cultivar and on the concentration of Cd in the external medium. Although competition between Zn and Cd was found for cultivar Wilwash when the external concentration of Cd was low, when the concentration of Cd in the external media was high, increasing Zn served to increase Cd uptake. Both synergistic and competitive responses were also noted for cultivar Kennebec. However, the patterns of response were opposite to those evident in Wilwash. The complexity of these interactions highlighted the possible shortcomings in using soil applied Zn to limit Cd uptake by potatoes. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.

This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the uptake and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shown to contain different concentrations of Cd in the tuber at maturity. An initial glasshouse trial sought to determine whether differences in tuber Cd between these two cultivars resulted from differences in uptake from the soil, or were due to differences in the allocation of Cd to the various tissues within the plant. Total uptake of Cd from the soil did not differ between cultivars, nor did the yield of tubers. However, there were marked differences in Cd distribution within the plant. Most of the differences in tuber Cd concentration could be accounted for by a large (3-fold) retention of Cd in the roots of cultivar Wilwash. The concentration of Cd in the shoots of Wilwash was also higher than of Kennebec, although to a lesser extent than the roots. Further studies were conducted to trace the pathways of Cd uptake and movement within the plant. A split-pot trial, involving long-term growth of potatoes in 109Cd-labelled soil, was undertaken to determine the overall pattern of Cd distribution and the importance of the root system in supplying Cd to the tubers. The root system of the potato plant is different to many plants, in that the main root system (basal roots) is augmented after tuber initiation by roots extending from the stolon and from the tuber itself. The basal roots were found to be the dominant source of Cd to all tissues and accounted for approximately 85 % of tuber Cd. The remaining tuber Cd was sourced directly from the stolon and tuber roots. However, there was no evidence of a direct link between the main (basal) root system and the stolons. Although Cd was found to accumulate in the periderm of the tubers, there was no uptake into the tuber tissue itself. Isotopic studies were undertaken to investigate the short-term movement of newly absorbed Cd in the xylem and the phloem. Cadmium was found to be highly mobile in both the xylem and phloem, with added Cd being rapidly assimilated into all tissues following both root and foliar application. Newly absorbed Cd was rapidly sequestered by the stems when applied to either the soil or to a source leaf, suggesting that the stems may act as a transitional storage pool when rapid turnover of nutrients and other mineral elements is required during tuber bulking. Inhibition of Cd uptake by zinc (Zn), has been proposed as a method for reducing the concentration of Cd in various agricultural crops, including potatoes. The ability of Zn to reduce Cd uptake was found to be highly dependent upon cultivar and on the concentration of Cd in the external medium. Although competition between Zn and Cd was found for cultivar Wilwash when the external concentration of Cd was low, when the concentration of Cd in the external media was high, increasing Zn served to increase Cd uptake. Both synergistic and competitive responses were also noted for cultivar Kennebec. However, the patterns of response were opposite to those evident in Wilwash. The complexity of these interactions highlighted the possible shortcomings in using soil applied Zn to limit Cd uptake by potatoes. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.

This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the uptake and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shown to contain different concentrations of Cd in the tuber at maturity. An initial glasshouse trial sought to determine whether differences in tuber Cd between these two cultivars resulted from differences in uptake from the soil, or were due to differences in the allocation of Cd to the various tissues within the plant. Total uptake of Cd from the soil did not differ between cultivars, nor did the yield of tubers. However, there were marked differences in Cd distribution within the plant. Most of the differences in tuber Cd concentration could be accounted for by a large (3-fold) retention of Cd in the roots of cultivar Wilwash. The concentration of Cd in the shoots of Wilwash was also higher than of Kennebec, although to a lesser extent than the roots. Further studies were conducted to trace the pathways of Cd uptake and movement within the plant. A split-pot trial, involving long-term growth of potatoes in 109Cd-labelled soil, was undertaken to determine the overall pattern of Cd distribution and the importance of the root system in supplying Cd to the tubers. The root system of the potato plant is different to many plants, in that the main root system (basal roots) is augmented after tuber initiation by roots extending from the stolon and from the tuber itself. The basal roots were found to be the dominant source of Cd to all tissues and accounted for approximately 85 % of tuber Cd. The remaining tuber Cd was sourced directly from the stolon and tuber roots. However, there was no evidence of a direct link between the main (basal) root system and the stolons. Although Cd was found to accumulate in the periderm of the tubers, there was no uptake into the tuber tissue itself. Isotopic studies were undertaken to investigate the short-term movement of newly absorbed Cd in the xylem and the phloem. Cadmium was found to be highly mobile in both the xylem and phloem, with added Cd being rapidly assimilated into all tissues following both root and foliar application. Newly absorbed Cd was rapidly sequestered by the stems when applied to either the soil or to a source leaf, suggesting that the stems may act as a transitional storage pool when rapid turnover of nutrients and other mineral elements is required during tuber bulking. Inhibition of Cd uptake by zinc (Zn), has been proposed as a method for reducing the concentration of Cd in various agricultural crops, including potatoes. The ability of Zn to reduce Cd uptake was found to be highly dependent upon cultivar and on the concentration of Cd in the external medium. Although competition between Zn and Cd was found for cultivar Wilwash when the external concentration of Cd was low, when the concentration of Cd in the external media was high, increasing Zn served to increase Cd uptake. Both synergistic and competitive responses were also noted for cultivar Kennebec. However, the patterns of response were opposite to those evident in Wilwash. The complexity of these interactions highlighted the possible shortcomings in using soil applied Zn to limit Cd uptake by potatoes. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Restricted until May 2003. Bibliography: leaves 108-130.

In the potato production type, 380 {--} 400 m above sea level, was studied density 40 000, 45 000, 50 000, 55 000 plants per 1 ha on the yield potato, average number of tubers on the plant, proportion and average weight of tubers. The maximum yield of tubers were recorded at density 45 000 plants per 1 ha (varieties Impala, Adéla, Futura). Density grow it was not influence at proportion market tubers. Highest density growth the meaning reduction average weight of tubers.

Les truffes sont des champignons ectomycorhiziens du genre Tuber, au sein des Pézizomycètes, vivant en symbiose avec de nombreux arbres et arbustes. Parmi les Pézizomycètes se retrouvent des espèces saprotrophes, pathogènes et symbiotiques ainsi que des champignons très connus comme les truffes et les morilles. Malgré leur intérêt, la structure et l'évolution des génomes des champignons de la classe des Pézizomycètes est encore mal connue. Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient de caractériser la structure et l'évolution des génomes de Truffes et d'autres Pézizomycètes. Une analyse de génomique comparative entre huit génomes de Pézizomycètes, dont trois de truffes, a montré que l'expansion de la taille des génomes des truffes, due principalement aux rétrotransposons gypsy, a probablement eu lieu chez l'ancêtre commun des Tuberaceae il y a environ 150 millions d'années. Ensuite, une réduction de leur contenu en gènes, et principalement en enzymes dégradant la paroi végétale, a eu lieu chez l'ancêtre des Tuber il y a environ 100 millions d'années. Des convergences et des divergences évolutives ont été mise en évidence entre les champignons ectomycorhiziens basidiomycètes et les truffes. Une analyse de génomique comparative au sein de l'espèce T. melanosporum a quant à elle permis de caractériser une ressource de plus de 400000 polymorphismes et de mettre en évidence des traces de sélection. Enfin une analyse plus détaillée des rétrotransposons gypsy présents dans le génome de T. melanosporum a montré que leur colonisation du génome est ancienne. Certains éléments semblent toutefois avoir transposé récemment suggérant que les rétrotransposons gypsy peuvent continuer de jouer un rôle dans l'évolution du génome de T. melanosporum / Truffles are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, belonging to Tuber genus in the Pezizomycete Class, that form symbiotic associations with numerous trees and shrubs. The Pezizomycetes constitute an early diverging lineage of Ascomycota composed of saprophytic, mycorrhizal and pathogenic species. Some Pezizomycetes, such as truffles and morels, are widely recognized by scientist and lay-person alike. Despite their importance, the genomic structure and evolution within the Pezizomycetes is largely unknown. The aims of my thesis were to characterize the structure and the evolution of the truffle and other Pezizomycete genomes. A comparative analysis performed using eight Pezizomycete fungi, among them three truffles, showed that the genome of truffles has evolved by a size expansion, mainly due to gypsy retrotransposons, in the common ancestor of Tuberaceae about 150 Mya. Then, a loss of the number of gene models, such as plant cell wall degrading enzymes occurred in the common ancestor of Tuber spp about 100 Mya. This study provides new insights into the evolution of the truffles, and ECM symbiosis in general, and highlights cases of divergence and convergence between Basidiomycota and truffle symbiotic species. A comparative analysis in T. melanosporum allowed characterizing a resource of more than 400,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. This population genomic analysis allowed identifying candidate genomic regions with trace of selection. Finally, a more detailed characterization of T. melanosporum gypsy retrotransposons showed that the major invasive waves are old, but that more recently some elements have moved suggesting that retrotransposons continue to play an important role in the evolution of the truffle genome