SUMMARY Aim of the study. To evaluate the possibilities of control of the children tuberculosis in Kaunas County. Objectives. 1. To evaluate the epidemiological situation of the children tuberculosis in Kaunas County in 1996 – 2003. 2. To evaluate the problems of early diagnostics and treatment of the children tuberculosis. 3. To propose the possible means of control of the children tuberculosis. Methods. Study objects were the patients with active tuberculosis treated in the Department of Children Pulmonology of Kaunas II hospital during 1996–2003 and general practitioners (GP) working in Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC). All the files of 538 patients treated with active tuberculosis during the analyzed period and 199 questionnaires answered by GP were analyzed. 79% of children treated were from Kaunas County. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS software for data acquisition and analysis. Results. The contact with adult persons with TM positive tuberculosis was the main factor defining children tuberculosis (TB) cases (45,0%). The number of children treated with TM positive tuberculosis increased from 2,0% to 13,1% (p <0,001) during 1998–2003. Only 64,3% of GP in their PHCC had the possibility to make tuberculin skin test (TST) and X-rays of the chest. The diagnosis of TB was verified during the prophylactic check up in 74,2% of cases in 2000, this number decreased to 27,5% (p <0,001) due to the disturbed supply of tuberculin in 2001. Only 26,1% of GP got the... [to full text]