Th. 3e cycle--Électronique--Toulouse--I.N.P., 1985. N°: 235.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αποτελεί μια προσπάθεια προσέγγισης των γεωλογικών , γεωτεχνικών και γεωμηχανικών δεδομένων και ιδιοτήτων των ιζηματογενών μαργαϊκών αποθέσεων του Πλατάνου. Στην εργασία αυτή, παρουσιάζονται τα γεωλογικά, τεκτονικά, στρωματογραφικά, υδρογεωλογικά, μετεωρολογικά και σεισμικά στοιχεία της ευρύτερης περιοχής. Και γίνεται αναφορά στην κατολίσθηση του χωριού του Πλατάνου. Επίσης, στην διπλωματική αυτή συμπεριλαμβάνεται η ταξινόμηση και η κατηγοριοποίηση των μαργαϊκών αποθέσεων. Για το σκοπό αυτό, εκτελέστηκαν μια σειρά από εργαστηριακές δοκιμές, οι οποίες έγιναν σε δείγματα, τα οποία λήφθηκαν κατά τη διάνοιξη της σήραγγας. Οι εργαστηριακές δοκιμές επικεντρώθηκαν σε δειγαμτοληψίες από τη χιλιομετρική θέση (Χ.Θ.) 68 + 204 έως τη 68 + 396 κατά τη διάνοιξη της Β .Φάσης της σήραγγας. Οι δοκιμές αυτές είχαν σαν στόχο την αναγνώριση και τη κατάταξη των μαργαϊκών ιζημάτων από πλευράς φυσικών και μηχανικών ιδιοτήτων καθώς και του Δείκτη Χαλάρωσης. Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται μια σειρά από χάρτες και φωτογραφίες από τη περιοχή όπου πραγματοποιείται το έργο, όσο κι από την ευρύτερη περιοχή. / -

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This dissertation presents a methodology to simulate the dispersion of water droplets in the air flow typical of an Icing Tunnel. It is based on the understanding the physical parameters that influence the uniformity and the distribution of cloud of droplets in the airflow and to connect them with analytical parameters which may be used to describe the dispersion process. Specifically it investigates the main geometrical and physical parameters contributing to the droplets dispersion at different tunnel operative conditions, finding a consistent numerical approach to reproduce the local droplets dynamic, quantifying the possible limits of commercial CFD methods, pulling out the empirical parameters/constant needing to simulate properly the local conditions and validating the results with calibrated experiment. An overview of the turbulence and multiphase flow theories, considered relevant to the Icing Tunnel environment, is presented as well as basic concepts and terminology of particle dispersion. Taylor’s theory of particle dispersion has been taken as starting point to explain further historical development of discrete phase dispersion. Common methods incorporated in commercial CFD software are explained and relative shortcomings underlined. The local aerodynamic condition within tunnel, which are required to perform the calculation with the Lagrangian particle equation of motions, are generated numerically using different turbulent models and are compared to the historical K-ε model. Verification of the calculation is performed with grid independency studies. Stochastic Separated Flow methods are applied to compute the particle trajectories. The Discrete Random Walk, as described in the literature, has been used to perform particle dispersion analysis. Numerical settings in the code are related to the characteristics of the local turbulent condition such as turbulence intensity and length scales. Cont/d.

Football is widely regarded as the most popular sport in the world involving over 270 million people from different countries and cultures. It can be argued that the football is one of most important aspects of the game and hence the flight of the ball, if unexpected, can alter the outcome of the game. This thesis provides an engineering perspective and contribution to the continued understanding and improvement of the in-flight performance of FIFA approved footballs. Skilful players will impart spin onto a ball to induce a curve in-flight to try and deceive opponents. This flight is generally smooth, although subtle variations in the orientation and spin rate may cause conditions that affect the path and final ball position, in a manner considered to be unpredictable due to aerodynamic effects. Ball designs and manufacturing techniques are evolving and certain seam configurations are known to induce asymmetric pressure distributions resulting in lateral movement during flight. Aerodynamic research of sport balls has primarily focused on drag and the effects of high spin rates. Studies have shown the introduction of surface roughness affects the boundary layer state compared to a smooth sphere. Surface roughness on a football takes many forms including seam configurations and micro surface textures. The influence of changing the density, distribution and dimensions of the surface roughness with respect to the aerodynamic behaviour has been researched. The principle focus of this thesis is concerned with the influence on the lateral component as a result of applying surface roughness to the outer surfaces. The influence of the surface roughness on the drag and lateral components were determined using established wind tunnel techniques. Real balls and full size prototypes were tested. A mathematical flight model was employed to simulate realistic multiple flight trajectories based on empirical aerodynamic data. Mathematical and statistical techniques, including R.M.S and AutoCorrelation Functions were used to analyse the data. The results from this research showed how small variations in surface texture affected the complex nature of the lateral forces. Trajectories varied significantly depending on initial orientation and slow spin rate sensitivities. In conclusion, ball characterisation techniques were developed that identified lateral deviation and shape measures and considered a gradient profiling approach. Application of these novel parameters through multiple trajectory analysis allowed for an in-flight performance measure of footballs designs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ajjv_me_botfm.pdf: 288626 bytes, checksum: 08a257cbb3a60279d6803950ece099be (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho estudou pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo, submetidos a estudos de condução nervosa em diferentes equipamentos: Nihon-Kohden e Nicolet Viking Select (Grupo I), Neuromax 1000 e Nicolet compass meridien (Grupo II). Para os estudos de condução nervosa sensitiva, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os equipamentos. Para os estudos de condução nervosa motora, foram observadas latências motoras mais prolongadas nos aparelhos Nicolet que nos equipamentos Nihon-Kohden e Neuromax. As diferenças entre os equipamentos foram mais pronunciadas para os casos menos graves. / This work analysed motor and sensory conduction studies in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Different equipments were employed: Nihon- Kohden and Nicolet Viking Select (Group I), Neuromax 1000 and Nicolet compass meridien (Group II). For sensory conduction studies no significant statistic differences were found; for motor conduction studies enlargements of the distal motor latencies were observed for Nicolet equipments in relation to the Nihon-Kohden and Neuromax. The differences were more marked for the slight cases.

Como o erro é inerente ao próprio processo de medida, e portanto nunca será completamente eliminado, deve-se buscar minimizá-lo, reduzindo ao máximo as fontes de erros grosseiros e sistemáticos. Devido à dificuldade de identificar com segurança as fontes desses erros e tendo o indício que, em grande parte, ocorrem devido às variações geométricas e às características construtivas dos modelos ensaiados, é apresentada, como proposta de ferramenta de auxílio à detecção desses erros, a construção de um modelo padrão aeronáutico. Devido às semelhanças geométricas com os modelos das aeronaves atualmente ensaiados no Túnel Aerodinâmico número dois (TA-2) do IAE, foi escolhido como modelo-padrão o M5 da série M do Office National DÉtudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA) para ensaios de proficiência intra e interlaboratorial do TA-2 nesse tipo de ensaio. O contexto que possibilitou a recomendação da proposta está descrito na primeira parte do presente trabalho, que trata do controle e melhoria da infraestrutura. Quanto à infraestrutura, propõe-se a melhoria das instalações e o conhecimento e controle sobre o escoamento do túnel. Sobre controle na execução dos ensaios intralaboratoriais são obedecidos os quesitos da NBR 17025 e da NBR 15100. Esses ensaios intralaboratoriais fornecem a reprodutividade dos ensaios de curto termo, isto é, ensaios executados numa mesma campanha ou próximos que forneceram resultados comparáveis aos de grandes complexos de túneis do primeiro mundo, porém a reprodutividade de longo termo, quando observadas condições diferentes de equipamentos, montagem, entre outros, nota-se uma característica de erros sistemáticos. / As the error is inherent to the proper process of measure, and therefore never completely it will be eliminated, it must be searched to minimize it, reducing to the maximum the sources of gross errors and systematic. Due to difficulty to identify with security the sources of these errors and having the indication that, to a large extent, occurs due to the geometric variations and the constructive characteristics of the assayed models, it is presented, as proposal of tool of aid to the detention of these errors, the construction of a model aeronautical standard. Had to the geometric similarities with the models of the aircraft currently assayed in the Wind tunnel number two (TA-2) of the IAE, the M5 of M serie of the Office National DÉtudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA) it was chosen as model-standard for proficiency assays intra and interlaboratorial of the TA-2 in this type of assay. The context that made possible the recommendation of the proposal is described in the first part of the present work, that deals with the control and improvement of the infrastructure. About to the infrastructure, it is considered improvement of the installations and the knowledge and control on the draining of the tunnel. On control in the execution of the intralaboratoriais assays the questions of NBR 17025 and NBR 15100 are obeyed. These intralaboratoriais assays supply the reprodutividade of the assays of short term, that is, assays executed in one same campaign or next that they had supplied resulted comparable to the ones of great complexes of tunnels of the first world, however the reprodutividade of long term, when observed different conditions of equipment, assembly, among others, a characteristic of bias quality controls is noticed.

Spintronics discusses about fundamental physics and material science in mostly nanometer size structures. Spintronics also delivers many promising technologies for now and the future. One of the interesting spintronic structures is called “Magnetic Tunnel junction” (MTJ). A typical MTJ consists of a thin (1-3nm) insulator layer sandwiched between two ferromagnetic layers. In this work, I present MTJ with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) using an MgO tunnel barrier. The effect of different heavy metals (HMs) adjacent to the ferromagnets (FMs) on tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) and PMA of the junctions are discussed. Namely, Ta, Mo, Ta/Mo, W, Ir, and Hf have been utilized in HM/FM/MgO structures, and magneto-transport properties are explored. It is shown that when Ta/Mo is employed, TMR values as high as 208%, and highly thermally stable PMA can be obtained. Some physical explanation based on electronic band structure and thermochemical effects are discussed. In the last part of this work, the newly discovered tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) effect in antiferromagnets is studied, and clear TAMR is demonstrated for NiFe/IrMn/MgO/Ta structures.

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources / Jason Griffin / Cary L. Rivard / Sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] are nutritious, easily stored and marketed, well-adapted to organic production, and fit large or small farming operations. Commercial production of propagules for sweetpotato, vine cuttings known as slips, is concentrated among a few coastal states. Consequently, growers in the Central United States have limited access to planting material. Considering the crop’s sensitivity to cold climates and the increasing use of high tunnels (HTs) in the region, the implementation of HT production systems could be a viable mechanism for increasing the distribution of sweetpotato nurseries across the US. The goal of this project was to investigate the production of slip propagation beds in HT systems at two research stations in Northeast and South Central Kansas. Trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to compare yield and quality of organic slips grown in HTs and the open-field (OF). Additionally, a split-plot design was utilized inside the HT to compare slip yields for three planting densities (45, 65 and 85-seed roots/m²). Slips grown in the two systems (HT and OF) were field-planted to elucidate the impact of the system on subsequent root tuber yields and grade. HT enterprise budgets were developed to determine what the potential economic impact is for growers that wish to implement this system and to identify the appropriate planting density based on cost and return. In 2016, the HT plots produced more slips than in the OF (P < 0.05), and the overall average slip number was 226.7 in the HT and 147.8 in the OF across both years. However, slips grown in the HT had significantly fewer nodes, less foliage, and compactness (P < .001). The field performance study showed slightly greater average marketable storage root yield from slips produced in the OF (P = NS), but the quantity and distribution of graded storage roots were similar between slips grown in the HT and OF treatments. Increased planting density treatment corresponded with greater average slip yield across all harvests, but was only statistically significant during 1st harvest of 2016. The positive correlation between slip yield and planting densities plateaued between 65 and 85-seed roots/m². When using foundation seed roots the optimum profit for enterprise budgets was achieved at the 65-seed root planting density. The use of 25% foundation and 75% on-farm produced seed roots at 85-seed root density generated $1.05/ft² profit in HT—using the more manual cultural practices and equipment of two case studies. The results of these trials suggest that slip production in HTs may provide growers in the Central and Northern regions of the U.S. a viable technology for developing their own sweetpotato propagation schedule, without compromising plant yield or storage root production. When compared to other common HT crop budgets, our data suggest that HT slip production is an economically-viable system for growers who wish to incorporate slip propagation beds into their HT rotations.

D.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering) / The most common data sought during a wind tunnel test program are the forces and moments acting on an airframe, (or any other test article). The most common source of this data is the internal strain gauge balance. Balances are six degree of freedom force transducers that are required to be of small size and of high strength and stiffness. They are required to deliver the highest possible levels of accuracy and reliability. There is a focus in both the USA and in Europe to improve the performance of balances through collaborative research. This effort is aimed at materials, design, sensors, electronics calibration systems and calibration analysis methods. Recent developments in the use of statistical methods, including modern design of experiments, have resulted in improved balance calibration models. Research focus on the calibration of six component balances has moved to the determination of the uncertainty of measurements obtained in the wind tunnel. The application of conventional statistically-based approaches to the determination of the uncertainty of a balance measurement is proving problematical, and to some extent an impasse has been reached. The impasse is caused by the rapid expansion of the problem size when standard uncertainty determination approaches are used in a six-degree of freedom system that includes multiple least squares regression and iterative matrix solutions. This thesis describes how the uncertainty of loads reported by a six component balance can be obtained by applying a direct simulation of the end-to-end data flow of a balance, from calibration through to installation, using a Monte Carlo Simulation. It is postulated that knowledge of the error propagated into the test environment through the balance will influence the choice of calibration model, and that an improved model, compared to that determined by statistical methods without this knowledge, will be obtained. Statistical approaches to the determination of a balance calibration model are driven by obtaining the best curve-fit statistics possible. This is done by adding as many coefficients to the modelling polynomial as can be statistically defended. This thesis shows that the propagated error will significantly influence the choice of polynomial coefficients. In order to do this a Performance Weighted Efficiency (PWE) parameter is defined. The PWE is a combination of the curve-fit statistic, (the back calculated error for the chosen polynomial), a value representing the overall prediction interval for the model(CI_rand), and a value representing the overall total propagated uncertainty of loads reported by the installed balance...