Travelers' experiences in Cyprus and the texts they produce in light of these encounters function rhetorically, informing cultural relations among people of different societies. When the efforts of these travel writers are taken to be rhetorical, critics position themselves to identify how ethics, politics, and aesthetics of narration and self-representation create the tropes that fix other people in ideological space. This analysis examines the production of difference in selected travel narratives set in Cyprus in the later modern era, which coincides with the rise of anti-colonial politics, nationalism, and globalization (1955-2005). To further focus the analysis, I attend mostly to the representation of "the Turk" in this textual genre. An introductory chapter examines the rhetorical situation of the travel text of Cyprus, exploring rhetorical and critical concepts such as ethos, rhetoric as popular culture, and tropology; it also surveys the landscape of Cyprus as a destination of travel and introduces some of the major texts to be considered. Subsequent chapters explore the rhetoric of narrated travel writing set in Cyprus according to its variations in style and historical epoch. The critique examines the ethics of narration and representation in memoirs, travelogues, political journalism, guide books, and ethnographies by a diverse range of writers including Lawrence Durrell, Colin Thubron, and Christopher Hitchens. A concluding chapter considers alternative, rhetorically self-conscious forms of travel and writing that suggest different possibilities for an ethical future of travel, travel narration, and cultural encounters.

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Crowdsourcing and microtasks are a relatively new way to issue units of work to a large group of potential workers. This form of outsourcing to a vast on-demand workforce offers the potential to significantly change the way we work. But how can design impact how both the requester and the workforce interact and benefit from these tasks? This dissertation considers four aspects of microtask design: value, engagement, context, and complexity. Through four distinct, but highly related, investigations these four facets are ex- plored, analysed and synthesised into a considered review of microtask design. First we build a picture of the demographic and financial status of these crowdworkers by surveying the US-based crowdworker labour-force on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. This improved understanding of the value of crowd work, not just to requesters but to workers as well, is crucial to appropriately listing tasks in a commoditised labour market. Second, worker engagement is also a significant factor, not just in quality and cost, but also in uptake and effective completion speed. By introducing a new metric, conversion rate, and contrasting a variety of differing presentational and conceptual features across two demographics, we demonstrate an improved understanding of how tasks engage workers. The increasing use of mobile devices, including among crowdworkers, offers new opportunities to collect additional context about worker behaviour. Enhancing the data gathered by requesters can be used, not only to improve quality, but also to expand the types of tasks which can be effectively crowdsourced. This third contribution highlights enthusiasm by some workers for mobile tasks, and demon- strates how previously small-scale sensor-based data collection can increasingly be carried out by the crowd. Finally, the boundary between microtasks and macrotasks is investigated. Exploring how complex tasks, such as software development, can be successfully crowdsourced offers insight into how task design can influence suitability of these larger tasks on microtask markets.

The success of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) as an online research platform has come at a price: MTurk has suffered from slowing rates of population replenishment, and growing participant non-naivety. Recently, a number of alternative platforms have emerged, offering capabilities similar to MTurk but providing access to new and more naïve populations. After surveying several options, we empirically examined two such platforms, CrowdFlower (CF) and Prolific Academic (ProA). In two studies, we found that participants on both platforms were more naïve and less dishonest compared to MTurk participants. Across the three platforms, CF provided the best response rate, but CF participants failed more attention-check questions and did not reproduce known effects replicated on ProA and MTurk. Moreover, ProA participants produced data quality that was higher than CF's and comparable to MTurk's. ProA and CF participants were also much more diverse than participants from MTurk.

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This thesis analyzes the European identity and its others with a special focus on two Eastern &ldquo / Others&rdquo / : the Russian and the Turk. In this context firstly the notion of identity, the role of difference in the formation of identity and the role of identity in international relations will be explored. Thereby the significance of identity in shaping the international relations will be shown. Then the development of Europe and European identity and its various others will be examined with a historical perspective. In the light of this exploration, the emergence of the East-West divide, the historical evolution of relations with the Russian and the Turk in relation with the changing connotations of the European identity will be studied. Finally the Russian and Turkish cases will be examined in a comparative way. In this way the converging and diverging points between the two cases in terms of their relationship with Europe and their place vis &agrave / vis Europe will be analyzed.

This thesis points to the existence of a bourgeois revolution in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Against all approaches of the historiography on the subject which employ outmoded criteria and point to a duality between the moments in 1908 and 1923 / it employs contemporary arguments on bourgeois revolutions and argues that the Ottoman Empire witnessed a single revolutionary sequence which occurred between July 1908 and November 1922. The thesis also suggests the idea that this single revolutionary sequence of the Ottoman Empire was a bourgeois revolution.

The main topic of this thesis is the reconstruction of the image of the Turk in the eyes of the citizens of South Moravian towns directly threatened by the Ottoman dangerduring the Ottoman invasions into Moravia in the years 1605, 1663, and 1683. It also attends to the course of the Ottoman expansion to the Middle Europe, to the separate invasions, and damages on dominions Mikulov, Uherský Brod, Strážnice, Hodonín, and Napajedla, and last but not least to the baptizing of captured Turks as one of the ways in which the indigenous population responded to the Turkish danger.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-29T13:37:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luiza de Oliveira Gomes.pdf: 338261 bytes, checksum: 201a27cd7b4038185a5a1800813c9c0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T13:37:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luiza de Oliveira Gomes.pdf: 338261 bytes, checksum: 201a27cd7b4038185a5a1800813c9c0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The ecological information and forms of use of the Turk (Parkinsonia aculeata L.) propose the species as good component for the agroforests systems in caatinga areas. The agroforests systems can assure source of income and sustainability, by the use of species for the ends of use bees, woodman, feeded, medicinal, ornamental and still in the recovery of the ciliary forests of the caatinga, emphasizing the importance of the hidrics resources and the biodiversity conservation, serving as warranty for the rural producers and communities of the caatinga. The development of the agroforests systems initially demands a significant amount of seedlings. The in vitro germination of the threatened species of extinction or that should be introduced in systems of native vegetation assures the genetic variability of those species and make available seedling free from microorganisms that can be maintained as matrix and serve as source of primary explants in the micropropagation process. The in vitro multiplication, or micropropagation, assures a production in commercial scale of seedlings with high quality phytosanitary and nutritional. The objective of this work was, therefore, to develop a protocol of in vitro germination of P. aculeata guaranteeing the obtaining of clean seedling for micropropagation. The experiment was driven at the Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais of the UFRPE. The seeds were coming of the collection of several fruits in matrix of P. aculeata located in the district of Betânia, semi-arid area of Pernambuco. The fruits were benefited and the selected seeds separated in lots of 100 units and scarified with sand to overcome the dormancy. Soon afterwards were submitted to the disinfestations with distilled water, following by wash in solution with 3 drops of Tween-20 in 1000ml of distilled water and three rinsed with distilled water. Soon afterwards, the seeds were immersed in alcohol to 70% for 1 minute, following by different times of soak in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 0,6% before the germination and, finally, rinsed for five times with water distilled sterilized, in laminar flow camera. The seeds were, then, inoculated in the medium MS and ½ MS in agreement with the treatments to proceed: T1 = MS-0min; T2 = MS-5min; T3 =MS-10min; T4 = ½MS-0min; T5 = ½MS-5min and T6 = ½MS-10min. The in vitro germination of seeds of Parkinsonia aculeata does not depend on the ionic strength of the MS medium. The asepsis of seeds of P. aculeata with 0,6% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 10 minutes inhibits the germination, favors the oxidation and reduces the percentage of emerged plants. / O estabelecimento in vitro de qualquer espécie vegetal depende de ajustes de protocolos que envolvem desde a assepsia da semente à composição mineral do meio de cultura. A micropropagação de espécies de interesse ecológico, econômico e social, como aquelas presentes nas matas ciliares da Caatinga, é uma importante alternativa para produção de mudas a serem reincorporadas nessas áreas, favorecendo programas de recuperação e conservação dessas matas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a germinação in vitro do turco, Parkinsonia aculeata, para viabilizar a micropropagação dessa espécie de uso múltiplo nas categorias madeireiro, ornamental, medicinal, forrageiro e apícola, sem perda da variabilidade genética. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos vegetais da UFRPE. As sementes utilizadas foram provenientes da coletada de 400 frutos, diretamente e abaixo das copas de vinte matrizes florestais de P. aculeata ocorrentes no entorno do açude da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, no município de Betânia, região semi-árida de Pernambuco. As sementes colhidas foram submetidas ao beneficiamento, a quebra de dormência e aos testes de desinfestação. O processo de desinfestação das sementes foi realizado a partir da lavagem com detergente comercial sendo a solução constituída de três gotas de Tween-20 em 1000 mL de água destilada, três enxágües com água destilada, imersão em álcool a 70% por 1 minuto e em hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl 0,6%) por 0,5 e 10 minutos. Após a assepsia, as sementes foram submetidas a cinco enxágües com água destilada esterilizada, procedimento realizado em câmara de fluxo laminar. Após o processo de desinfestação, as sementes foram inoculadas em frascos contendo 30 mL do meio nutritivo MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962). Partes das sementes foram inoculadas em meio MS com a força iônica total e o restante das sementes em meio MS com metade da força iônica (1/2MS). Os meios foram gelificados com ágar (6,0g.L-1), adicionado após o ajuste do pH para 5,8. Os frascos com as sementes foram incubados em câmara de germinação BOD, com temperatura ajustada para 30°C. Os frascos foram mantidos no escuro por 48h e, posteriormente, submetidos a fotoperíodo de 16h. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se seis tratamentos resultantes do arranjo fatorial de 2 fatores, tempo de embebição em NaOCl (0,5 e 10 minutos) e meios de cultura (MS) com a força iônica total e reduzida à metade (1/2MS) resultando nos tratamentos: T1= MS-0min; T2= MS-5min; T3= MS-10min; T4= 1/2MS-0min; T5= 1/2MS-5min e T6= 1/2MS-10min. Cada tratamento contou com dez repetições de dez sementes. O teste de análise do vigor foi baseado na avaliação das plântulas, sendo calculado o percentual de germinação, percentual de plantas emergidas e estabelecidas. Considerou-se emergida quando a radícula emitida era superior a 2,0 cm e estabelecida quando as plântulas apresentavam cotilédones abertos livres do tegumento. Avaliaram-se ainda os índices de contaminação e de oxidação nos tratamentos testados. Os dados obtidos foram transformados em arc sen√%G/l00 e submetidos à análise da variância. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5 % de probabilidade usando o programa ASSISTAT (1996). O percentual de germinação avaliado 20 dias após a inoculação das sementes in vitro apresentou valores superiores àqueles registrados aos 10 dias após a inoculação e manteve a mesma tendência no que se refere ao tempo de imersão em hipoclorito. Os menores percentuais de germinação foram registrados nas sementes tratadas com NaOCl por 10 minutos (57% e 59%). A germinação in vitro das sementes de Parkinsonia aculeata independe da força iônica do meio MS e dispensam tratamento com agentes assépticos como o hipoclorito de sódio a 0,6%.

This study sought to determine if time spent engaging in online gaming, interpersonal communication skills, and introvert personality traits are predictors of an individual’s likelihood of experiencing symptoms of social anxiety. A sample of 128 participants (82 males and 46 females) completed measures of demographics, interpersonal communication skills, problematic online gaming, social anxiety, and introversion. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. There were significant correlations among social anxiety and interpersonal communication skills, problematic online gaming, and introversion. There was no significant correlation among social anxiety and time spent playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPG), a specific form of online video game. It was also found that interpersonal communication skills, problematic online gaming, and introversion were all significant predictors of social anxiety. However, time spent playing MMORPGs was not a significant predictor of social anxiety.