Global ETD Search

21	Harnessing Collective Intelligence for Translation: An Asssessment of Crowdsourcing as a Means of Bridging the Canadian Linguistic Digital Divide O'Brien, Steven 26 May 2011 (has links) This study attempts to shed light on the efficacy of crowdsourcing as a means of translating web content in Canada. Within, we seek to explore and understand if a model can be created that can estimate the effectiveness of crowdsourced translation as a means of bridging the Canadian Linguistic Digital Divide. To test our hypotheses and models, we use structural equation modeling techniques coupled with confidence intervals for comparing experimental crowdsourced translation to both professional and machine translation baselines. Furthermore, we explore a variety of factors which influence the quality of the experimental translations, how those translations performed in the context of their source text, and the ways in which the views of the quality of the experimental translations were measured before and after participants were made aware of how the experimental translations were created. crowdsourcing crowd sourcing web 2.0 translation lwpp digital divide lightweight peer-production lightweight peer-production Mechanical Turk Language Professional Non-Language Professional Canada linguistic francophone anglophone
22	Harnessing Collective Intelligence for Translation: An Asssessment of Crowdsourcing as a Means of Bridging the Canadian Linguistic Digital Divide O'Brien, Steven 26 May 2011 (has links) This study attempts to shed light on the efficacy of crowdsourcing as a means of translating web content in Canada. Within, we seek to explore and understand if a model can be created that can estimate the effectiveness of crowdsourced translation as a means of bridging the Canadian Linguistic Digital Divide. To test our hypotheses and models, we use structural equation modeling techniques coupled with confidence intervals for comparing experimental crowdsourced translation to both professional and machine translation baselines. Furthermore, we explore a variety of factors which influence the quality of the experimental translations, how those translations performed in the context of their source text, and the ways in which the views of the quality of the experimental translations were measured before and after participants were made aware of how the experimental translations were created. crowdsourcing crowd sourcing web 2.0 translation lwpp digital divide lightweight peer-production lightweight peer-production Mechanical Turk Language Professional Non-Language Professional Canada linguistic francophone anglophone
23	Crowdsourcing in pay-as-you-go data integration Osorno Gutierrez, Fernando January 2016 (has links) In pay-as-you-go data integration, feedback can inform the regeneration of different aspects of a data integration system, and as a result, helps to improve the system's quality. However, feedback could be expensive as the amount of feedback required to annotate all the possible integration artefacts is potentially big in contexts where the budget can be limited. Also, feedback could be used in different ways. Feedback of different types and in different orders could have different effects in the quality of the integration. Some feedback types could give rise to more benefit than others. There is a need to develop techniques to collect feedback effectively. Previous efforts have explored the benefit of feedback in one aspect of the integration. However, the contributions have not considered the benefit of different feedback types in a single integration task. We have investigated the annotation of mapping results using crowdsourcing, and implementing techniques for reliability. The results indicate that precision estimates derived from crowdsourcing improve rapidly, suggesting that crowdsourcing can be used as a cost-effective source of feedback. We propose an approach to maximize the improvement of data integration systems given a budget for feedback. Our approach takes into account the annotation of schema matchings, mapping results and pairs of candidate record duplicates. We define a feedback plan, which indicates the type of feedback to collect, the amount of feedback to collect and the order in which different types of feedback are collected. We defined a fitness function and a genetic algorithm to search for the most cost-effective feedback plans. We implemented a framework to test the application of feedback plans and measure the improvement of different data integration systems. In the framework, we use a greedy algorithm for the selection of mappings. We designed quality measures to estimate the quality of a dataspace after the application of a feedback plan. For the evaluation of our approach, we propose a method to generate synthetic data scenarios. We evaluate our approach in scenarios with different characteristics. The results showed that the generated feedback plans achieved higher quality values than the randomly generated feedback plans in several scenarios. 005.7
24	Harnessing Collective Intelligence for Translation: An Asssessment of Crowdsourcing as a Means of Bridging the Canadian Linguistic Digital Divide O'Brien, Steven January 2011 (has links) This study attempts to shed light on the efficacy of crowdsourcing as a means of translating web content in Canada. Within, we seek to explore and understand if a model can be created that can estimate the effectiveness of crowdsourced translation as a means of bridging the Canadian Linguistic Digital Divide. To test our hypotheses and models, we use structural equation modeling techniques coupled with confidence intervals for comparing experimental crowdsourced translation to both professional and machine translation baselines. Furthermore, we explore a variety of factors which influence the quality of the experimental translations, how those translations performed in the context of their source text, and the ways in which the views of the quality of the experimental translations were measured before and after participants were made aware of how the experimental translations were created. crowdsourcing crowd sourcing web 2.0 translation lwpp digital divide lightweight peer-production lightweight peer-production Mechanical Turk Language Professional Non-Language Professional Canada linguistic francophone anglophone
25	Výkon závislé práce prostřednictvím digitálních platforem / Performance of dependent work through digital platforms Hanzal, Vojtěch January 2021 (has links) PERFORMANCE OF DEPENDENT WORK THROUGH DIGITAL PLATFORMS ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the issue of work performance through digital platforms, especially regarding whether it is possible to classify such activity as "dependent work", particularly with regard to the laws of the Czech Republic. The thesis responds to the current legal "vacuum" surrounding the performance of work through digital platforms and the legal status of persons who perform such activity (referred to in the thesis as workers). The mentioned legal "vacuum" stems primarily from the absence of sufficient legal regulation in the given area and the "unconventionality" of such a way of performing work. Digital platforms describe their workers as independent entrepreneurs, and this practice is quietly tolerated by the Czech Republic (e. g. administrative authorities). However, there can be more than reasonable doubts about the veracity of such proclamation. Therefore, the thesis firstly analyzes the characteristics and conditions of dependent work according to the laws of the Czech Republic, which are then applied to the reality of the performance of work through digital platforms. Due to the number of their types, as well as the various systems that the platforms implement, three representatives were chosen for the purposes of this thesis,...
26	A High-quality Digital Library Supporting Computing Education: The Ensemble Approach Chen, Yinlin 28 August 2017 (has links) Educational Digital Libraries (DLs) are complex information systems which are designed to support individuals' information needs and information seeking behavior. To have a broad impact on the communities in education and to serve for a long period, DLs need to structure and organize the resources in a way that facilitates the dissemination and the reuse of resources. Such a digital library should meet defined quality dimensions in the 5S (Societies, Scenarios, Spaces, Structures, Streams) framework - including completeness, consistency, efficiency, extensibility, and reliability - to ensure that a good quality DL is built. In this research, we addressed both external and internal quality aspects of DLs. For internal qualities, we focused on completeness and consistency of the collection, catalog, and repository. We developed an application pipeline to acquire user-generated computing-related resources from YouTube and SlideShare for an educational DL. We applied machine learning techniques to transfer what we learned from the ACM Digital Library dataset. We built classifiers to catalog resources according to the ACM Computing Classification System from the two new domains that were evaluated using Amazon Mechanical Turk. For external qualities, we focused on efficiency, scalability, and reliability in DL services. We proposed cloud-based designs and applications to ensure and improve these qualities in DL services using cloud computing. The experimental results show that our proposed methods are promising for enhancing and enriching an educational digital library. This work received support from ACM, as well as the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers DUE-0836940, DUE-0937863, and DUE-0840719, and IMLS LG-71-16-0037-16. / Ph. D. Educational Digital Library ACM Classification System Amazon Mechanical Turk Classification Transfer learning Active learning YouTube SlideShare Digital Library Service Quality Cloud Computing
27	《突厥語大辭典》中詩歌與諺語之研究－探討十一世紀突厥人的社會文化 / A Study on the Poems and Proverbs of "Divanu Lugat-it-Turk" 顏瑞宏, YEN, Rui Hung Unknown Date (has links) 九世紀中葉，突厥人在中亞建立了喀喇汗王朝，此時中國與阿拉伯的勢力對中亞已不構成威脅，而波斯的薩曼王朝也逐漸沒落，使得突厥人崛起並掌控了中亞。　　相對於政治上的強勢，突厥人在文化上是處於弱勢的。許多語言和風俗都受到阿拉伯和波斯文化的影響而改變，所幸Kashgari Mahmut編寫了《突厥語大辭典》，保留了許多的突厥語和風俗習慣，因此這部書也就成為研究當時突厥人的語言和社會文化的重要典籍。　　其中的詩歌和諺語是作者用來解釋字詞時所舉的例子，這些詩歌是傳統的突厥詩歌，諺語則是民族生活的智慧結晶，這兩者所記錄的當時突厥人的社會文化與思想是目前研究這個課題的第一手史料，可見其重要性。　　本文對詩歌和諺語做了翻譯和分類，並且分析其中的涵意，再從分析所得的訊息來描繪出十一世紀突厥人的社會文化。突厥語大辭典詩歌諺語十一世紀突厥人社會文化 Divanu Lugat-it-Turk poem proverb 11th century turkic peoples social culture
28	Plattformarbeit als neuer Kooperationsmodus der Erwerbsarbeit – eine einkommensteuerrechtliche Herausforderung Heinrichs, Christian 13 October 2021 (has links) Essenslieferungen, Fahrdienste oder etwa die Erledigung von Kleinstaufträgen sog. „Microjobs“, besonders seit der COVID-19-Pandemie erfolgt diese Arbeit immer häufiger unter Vermittlung digitaler Plattformen. Diese Untersuchung eröffnet den Blick auf eine in der Vergangenheit gänzlich unbekannte Form der Arbeitsorganisation, bei der einer vermeintlichen Autonomie der Plattformarbeiter ein Intermediär gegenübersteht, der seine zentrale Position zur Steuerung und Kontrolle ebendieser Plattformarbeiter nutzt und dennoch das Vorliegen eines Arbeitsverhältnisses in der Regel vehement bestreitet. Die Dissertation arbeitet zunächst die theoretischen Grundlagen und wirtschaftlichen Hintergründe derartiger Plattformarbeit heraus. Im zweiten Schritt erfolgt auf Basis von Fallbeispielen – Clickworker, Deliveroo, Upwork – erstmals eine umfassende steuerrechtliche Einordnung des Phänomens Plattformarbeit. Hierbei werden die wesentlichen Besonderheiten im Vergleich zu tradierten Arbeitsverhältnissen, insbesondere die Steuerung der Plattformarbeiter mittels algorithmusbasierter Methoden der Verhaltensökonomie, und deren Auswirkungen auf die steuerliche Einordnung ausführlich beleuchtet. Es kann nachgewiesen werden, dass abhängig von der Art der zu erledigenden Aufgaben vom Intermediär ein Anreizsystem geschaffen werden muss, welches eine indirekte Steuerung des Plattformarbeiters zum Ziel und den Bezug von Einkünften aus nichtselbständiger Arbeit zur Folge hat. Abschließend werden für die ermittelten Unzulänglichkeiten der tradierten steuerlichen Abgrenzungskriterien Lösungsvorschläge entwickelt, etwa eine Beweislastregelung zu Gunsten der Plattformarbeiter. Auf Grund des Querschnittcharakters des Themas schafft die Arbeit zugleich interessante Ansatzpunkte für andere Rechtsgebiete, beispielsweise das Arbeits- oder Vertragsrecht. Stand des Werkes ist Juli 2020. Plattformarbeit Steuerrecht Einkommensteuerrecht Upwork Uber Amazon Mechanical Turk Clickworker Nudging Verhaltensökonomie Verhaltensökonomik Crowdwork Plattformarbeiter digitale Tagelöhner algorithmischen Steuerung Deliveroo New Work Arbeit 4.0 § 19 EStG Lohnsteuer BAG, 01.12.2020 - 9 AZR 102/20 NJW 2021, 1551 Crowd 86.73 - Steuerrecht ddc:340
29	Need for Cognition and its Effects on Equity Theory Predictions Bookmyer, Eric Daniel 22 June 2015 (has links) No description available. Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Occupational Psychology Organizational Behavior Psychology Social Psychology equity theory need for cognition equity distributive justice pay satisfaction decision making mechanical turk MTurk equity perceptions workplace individual differences organizational behavior
30	The Socio-political Phenomenon of Qazaqlïq in the Eurasian Steppe and the Formation of the Qazaqs Lee, Joo Yup 08 August 2013 (has links) This dissertation is concerned with the formation of the Qazaqs in the context of the custom of political vagabondage known as qazaqlïq in post-Mongol Central Eurasia. More specifically, my study addressed the process whereby the Uzbek nomads inhabiting the eastern Dasht-i Qipchāq bifurcated into the Qazaqs and the Shibanid Uzbeks in the sixteenth century in consequence of the qazaqlïq activities led by two rival Chinggisid families: the Urusids and the Abū al-Khairids. Qazaqlïq, or the qazaq way of life, was a form of political vagabondage that involved escaping from one’s state or tribe, usually from a difficult social or political situation, and living the life of a freebooter in a frontier or other remote region. The custom of political vagabondage was by no means an exclusively post-Mongol Central Eurasian phenomenon. It existed in other places and at other times. However, it was in post-Mongol Central Eurasia that it became a widespread socio-political phenomenon that it came to be perceived by contemporaries as a custom to which they attached the specific term, qazaqlïq. During the post-Mongol period, the qazaq way of life developed into a well-established political custom whereby political fugitives, produced by the internecine struggles within the Chinggisid states, customarily fled to frontier or other remote regions and became freebooters, who came to be called qazaqs. Such Chinggisid and Timurid leaders as Muḥammad Shībānī and Temür became qazaqs before coming to power. The Qazaqs came into being as a result of the qazaqlïq activities of Jānībeg and Girāy, two great-grandsons of Urus Khan (r. ca. 1368–78), and of Muḥammad Shībānī, the grandson of Abū al-Khair Khan (r. ca. 1450–70) that resulted in the division of the Uzbek Ulus into the Qazaqs and the Shibanid Uzbeks in the sixteenth century. The Tatar and Slavic cossacks (Russian kazak, Ukrainian kozak) who appeared in the Black Sea steppe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were the products of the qazaqlïq, or cossack phenomenon. Significantly, Ukrainian cossackdom led to the formation of the Ukrainian Hetmanate, which eventually contributed to the consolidation of a separate Ukrainian identity. Qazaq Kazakh qazaqlïq political vagabondage Uzbek Ukrainian cossack cossack post-Mongol Chinggisid Central Eurasia Inner Asia Central Asia nomad Qipchaq steppe kipchak Golden Horde Ulus Jochi Turk Moghul Mongol Tatar Shibanid state formation ethno genesis frontier freebooter brigandage alach khan alash khan 0581 0332 0333

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