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The goal of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the framing typological domain of motion events in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP) through corpus analysis of intransitive pleonastic double Path constructions, which are constructions that express ‘the same’ trajectory in both the verb and its satellite. Data has been retrieved from the ptTenTen11 corpus.  Traditionally Portuguese is described as a verb-framed language, meaning that it expresses the semantic trajectory component (Path) in the verb, rather than in the satellite.The double Path constructions are interesting since they do not have a ‘clear place’ within the framing typological approach to motion. The Boundary crossing constraint, which is well- known and studied constraint in Spanish, but that has not been found in studies on Portuguese is also analyzed here. With these two entry points an attempt is made to relate BP and EP to the framing typological classification into language types.  The double Path constructions appear to be more frequent in EP than in BP and no challenges to the Boundary crossing constraint are identified in the data for either of the Portuguese varieties. / Syftet med den här studien är att bidra med förståelse kring hur brasiliansk portugisiska (BP) och europeisk portugisiska (EP) passar in i domänen av uttryck för rörelse från en plats till en annan enligt framing-typologin. Datan är hämtad från korpusen ptTenTen11 och uttryck med upprepad semantisk information om en rörelses tillryggalagda sträcka undersöks.  Inom ramverket för framing-typologin är portugisiska ett så kallat verb-inramat språk som tenderar att uttrycka en rörelses sträcka i verbet och inte i en så kallad satellitkonstruktion. Då upprepningen av denna semantiska information gällande sträckan inte har en självklar plats inom framing-typologin är dessa typer av konstruktioner intressanta att analysera närmre. En inom framing-typologin omtalad begränsning på hur verb-inramade språk kan beskriva situationer när en gräns korsas undersöks också. Begränsningen är välstuderad inom till exempel spanskan, men verkar inte ha tagits upp i någon större utsträckning i litteratur om portugisiska.  De semansiskt upprepande konstruktionerna visar sig vara vanligare i EP än i BP och begränsningen gällande hur konstruktioner tenderar att se ut när en gräns korsas motsägs inte av datan.

<p>Using the discussion of Biblical typology from Northrop Frye’s <em>The Great Code</em> as a starting point, this paper proposes a typological lineage of fiction growing from the foundational <em>kerygmatic</em> stories of Western culture. After briefly proposing canonical texts that would fit into this lineage, there is an analysis of the graphic novel <em>All-Star Superman</em> which demonstrates this contemporary text’s place in the typological line and its status as a prime example of the sorts of texts that would fit this lineage. Specific characteristics of the graphic novel and of superhero fiction are discussed that demonstrate <em>All-Star Superman</em>’s place in the typological line, and this placement also argues for the consideration of superhero narratives as worthy parts of the American literary canon. The final chapter discusses some of the ramifications arising from the analysis of both the form and the text, pointing to ways in which critical frameworks for both the typological lineage and the critical elucidation of the graphic novel format can move forward.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

Thought leadership is a term that has been around for more than a decade. Little research has been done on exactly what thought leadership is or how to become a thought leader. Yet the business press is full or articles touting the importance of becoming a thought leader along with a variety of benefits. Additionally, social media has become an increasingly important part of any marketing strategy. This paper begins by developing a typology of business to business CEO social media presence, it clearly defines the three key attributes of a thought leader and concludes with identifying which attributes are the most important in CEO thought leadership. Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are generally expected to represent the public face of the company, and their leadership is critical to success in product-service markets. Social media platforms offer CEOs the opportunity to benefit their companies by demonstrating leadership, communicating ideas, and motivating others, often with a personalized touch. Yet, many CEOs, particularly in business-to-business (B2B) firms, are relatively new to social media and do not have a clear social media strategy. A typology of B2B CEO social media presence was developed by utilizing cluster analysis to analyze a cross-section of B2B CEOs’ social media activity. Results shows that the Reluctants, constituting 74% of the sample, have little or no social media presence. Of CEOs with some social media presence, the main types are LinkedIn Leveragers who have a substantial LinkedIn presence only, and TweetStars, who are active only on Twitter. A CEO who is a thought leader is a business leader who communicates ideas in a way that motivates others to develop them and is recognized by others outside of their organization. Using the three attributes of thought leadership – communication, motivation of others, and public recognition, a survey was conducted to identify which of these attributes were the most important in increasing perceived thought leadership. Using choice based conjoint analysis to test the level of perceived thought leadership, public recognition followed closely by motivation were most important in contributing to perceived thought leadership. The typology developed in this paper leads to the development of a set of empirical propositions for future research. Insights gained from this analysis can help companies and their CEOs make informed decisions on their social media options and strategies. The identification of what attributes are most important to increase levels of perceived thought leadership lays the foundation for additional research. Recommendations offered in this paper can help companies and CEOs invest their resources in a marketing strategy appropriate to their goals. / Business Administration/Marketing

Differential item functioning on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was examined in regard to gender. The Myers-Briggs has a differential scoring system for males and females on its thinking/feeling subscale. This scoring system preserves the 60 % thinking male and 30 % thinking female proportion that is implied by the Jungian theory underlying the Indicator. The MBTI's authors contended that the sex-based differential scoring system corrects items that subjects at a certain level of a latent trait either incorrectly endorse or leave blank. This reasoning is the classical definition of differential item functioning (DIF); consequently, the non differentially scored items should exhibit DIF. If these items do not show DIF, then there would be no reason to use a differential scoring system. Although the Indicator has been in use for several decades, no rigorous item response theory (IRT) item-level analysis of the Indicator has been undertaken. IRT analysis allows for mean differences in subgroups to occur, independent of the question of DlF. Linn and Harnisch's (1981) pseudo-lRT analysis was chosen to test for the presence of DlF in the MBTl items because it is best for tests of relatively small length. The Myers-Briggs subscales range from 22 to 26 items, which is relatively small by lRT standards. lRT analyses conducted on N=1887 subjects indicated that no items on the thinking/feeling subscale showed evidence of DIF. Out of 94 items, only one extraversion/introversion item and one judging/perception item showed evidence of DIF; no Thinking/Feeling items showed DIF. It is recommended that sex-based differential MBTI scoring be abandoned, and that the distribution of type in the population be examined in future studies. / Ph. D.

This research project explores the Hosh house typology, a historic dwelling type in Baghdad facing rapid decline and extinction. The study critically examines historic documentation and employs a wide range of methods to expand knowledge and understanding of the Hosh house. By building an archive around selected architectural objects, the research provides insights in various fields, including architectural anthropology, heritage, craftmanship and sustainable construction. The study draws from scarce and dated documentation, providing new translations of German books on Iraqi architecture, while simultaneously questioning and challenging these findings. The study explores the reasons behind the disappearance of the Hosh house, including urbanization, preference for modern technology and social attitudes. The findings highlight the characteristics and layouts of the Hosh house, presenting the ideal and compromised versions of its design. It also incorporates contemporary sources, such as interviews with local enthusiasts, to fill knowledge gaps and provide a contemporary perspective on the vanishing architectural tradition. Overall, this project contributes to the understanding of the Hosh house's cultural significance within Iraqi architecture and cultural heritage, while emphasizing the need for updated sources and in situ inventories.

Yes / Although IT-enabled dynamic capabilities (ITDCs) add value to firms operating in turbulent and rapidly changing environments, firms face several challenges in developing, deploying, and maintaining the right portfolio of ITDCs. Since ITDCs are not uniformly advantageous, firms need to make strategic decisions in order to accomplish the complex task of achieving optimal ITDC configurations. This conceptual paper draws on the strategic alignment perspective to identify the optimal configuration of ITDCs for a firm based on its business strategy orientation indicated by the Miles and Snow typology. This paper first explicates the theoretically ideal configurations of ITDCs based on the competitive strategy patterns associated with each Miles and Snow archetype and then develops a model for measuring the strategic fit of ITDCs. This paper contributes to the literatures on ITDCs and strategic alignment by identifying optimal ITDC configurations and by conceptualizing the strategic fit of ITDCs respectively.

Recent studies (Zaccaro, Foti, and Kenny, 1991; Rueb and Foti, in press) have found a relationship between self-monitoring, a measure of response flexibility, and emergent leadership. The present study re-examined this issue, introducing the hypothesis that psychological type may act as a moderator in the relationship. Subjects completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the revised Self-Monitoring scale, and four group tasks. After each task, subjects rated each other on perceived leadership. Results indicated that 73% of leadership ratings, and 54% of a rankings measure was stable and due to characteristics of the individual. The relationship between self-monitoring and emergent leadership was not found, thus the interaction between self-monitoring and type with emergent leadership could not be tested. There was a relationship between self-monitoring and agreement in ratings of perceived leadership. Implications of inaccurate ratings are discussed with respect to the emergent leadership/self-monitoring issue. / Master of Science

Words in utterance-final positions are often pronounced more slowly than utterance-medial words, as previous studies on individual languages have shown. This paper provides a systematic cross-linguistic comparison of relative durations of final and penultimate words in utterances in terms of the degree to which such words are lengthened. The study uses time-aligned corpora from 10 genealogically, areally, and culturally diverse languages, including eight small, under-resourced, and mostly endangered languages, as well as English and Dutch. Clear effects of lengthening words at the end of utterances are found in all 10 languages, but the degrees of lengthening vary. Languages also differ in the relative durations of words that precede utterance-final words. In languages with on average short words in terms of number of segments, these penultimate words are also lengthened. This suggests that lengthening extends backwards beyond the final word in these languages, but not in languages with on average longer words. Such typological patterns highlight the importance of examining prosodic phenomena in diverse language samples beyond the small set of majority languages most commonly investigated so far.