The late 20th and early 21st centuries have seen a phenomenal growth in society's use of information technology. Criminals, including terrorists and terrorist organizations, have also adopted information technologies. Information technologies are used to enhance the efficiency, productivity, and effectiveness of terrorist activities and offenses. Investigating terrorist use of information technologies creates a number of challenges for law enforcement officials. While some of the challenges are encountered during conventional criminal investigations, terrorist investigations also present unique challenges. Through content and typological analysis, this study examined open source information to identify, categorize and propose a model of these challenges. Four primary categories were identified: technology, methodology, legal, and administration and human resources challenges.

Deleuze’s work is certainly heterogeneous. Throughout his life he managedto deal with an amazing variety of subjects: history of philosophy, psychoanalysis, politics, literature, painting, cinema, among others. However, the author of A Thousand Plateaus did not address a particularly relevant area for the twentieth century configuration –photography. This absence is unsettling not only because of the cultural importance of photography, but also because his reflections concerning the concept of image are a recurrent theme throughout his work. This research will not seek to determine the reasons why Deleuze did not explore the field of photography, because we believe that a question like this is, to say the least, idle. On the contrary, we will try to prolong his reflections in order to unfold the intuitions found in his philosophy that may help us to address the issue of the photographic. In this sense, our objective will be to develop a taxonomy of the photographic image from the distinction of two main types: the transparent image and the opaque image. / La obra de Deleuze es ciertamente heteróclita. A lo largo de su vida se ocupó de una variedad de temas sorprendente: historia de la filosofía, psicoanálisis,política, literatura, pintura, cine, entre otros. Sin embargo, un territorio de singular relevancia para la configuración del siglo XX no fue abordado por el autor de Mil mesetas: la fotografía. Esta ausencia es inquietante, no solo debido a la importancia cultural de la fotografía, sino también porque las reflexiones en torno a la imagen son recurrentes a lo largo de toda su obra. La presente investigación no buscará determinar las razones por las que Deleuze no exploró el ámbito de lo fotográfico, pues creemos que una pregunta como esta es, por decir lo menos, ociosa. Intentaremos, en una dirección diferente, prolongar sus reflexiones con la finalidad de desplegar las intuiciones presentes en su filosofía que nos puedan ayudar a abordar la problemática de lo fotográfico. En este sentido, nuestro objetivo será elaborar una taxonomía de la imagen fotográfica a partir de la distinción de dos tipos fundamentales: la imagen transparentey la imagen-opaca.

Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira / Resumo: Objetivou-se caracterizar a diversidade socioeconômica, produtiva e estrutural e avaliar a sustentabilidade nas dimensões econômica, social e ambiental de sistemas de produção de caprinos nas principais regiões produtoras de leite dos estados da Paraíba e de Pernambuco. Foram realizados dois estudos: 1 - Tipologia de sistemas de produção de caprinos leiteiros em região semiárida do Brasil e 2 - Sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção de caprinos leiteiros em região semiárida do Brasil. Os estudos foram realizados em área que abrange as microrregiões do Cariri Ocidental e Oriental da Paraíba, Pajeú, Sertão do Moxotó, Vale do Ipojuca e Vale do Ipanema de Pernambuco. No primeiro estudo, realizou-se a tipologia de 554 propriedades de caprinos leiteiros por meio de informações coletadas por entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados pelas Análises de Correspondência Múltipla e de Agrupamento em sequência, que evidenciaram três grupos de propriedades: Grupo I com 212, o Grupo ll com 152 e o Grupo lll com 190 propriedades. O Grupo I teve tamanho intermediário de propriedade (32 ha), menor número de produtores proprietários (38,2%) e menores áreas de palma forrageira (46,7%), rebanhos de bovinos e aves e renda de outras atividades econômicas não agrícolas. O Grupo ll teve o menor tamanho de propriedades (8,6 ha), com 62,5% dos produtores proprietários, menores efetivos de ruminantes e forte presença da área de palma forrageira. O Grupo lll apresentou maiores tamanho de pr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present dissertation aimed to characterize the socioeconomic, productivity, and structural diversity by evaluating the sustainability in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of dairy goat production systems in the main goat milk producing regions of Paraíba and Pernambuco states. Two studies were carried out: 1 - Typology of dairy goat production systems in semi-arid region of Brazil; and 2- Sustainability of dairy goat production systems in semi-arid region of Brazil. These studies were carried out in an area that encompasses the Paraíba’s microregions of Cariri Ocidental and Cariri Oriental, and Pernambuco’s microregions of Pajeú, Sertão do Moxotó, Vale do Ipojuca, and Vale de Ipanema. In the first study, a typology of 554 dairy goat farms was carried out through information collected by semi-structure interview. Data were analyzed by Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Analysis (CA) in sequence, that showed three groups of farms: Group I had 212 farms, Group II had 152 farms, and Group III had 190 farms. Group I had intermediate farm size (32 ha), smallest frequency of farmers who own their own land (38.2%), smaller areas of spineless cacti plantation (46.7%), cattle and poultry herds, and income from other off-farm activities. Group ll had the smallest farm size (8.6 ha), 62.5% of farmers who own their own land, smallest ruminant herds and greater areas of spineless cacti plantation. Group lll had the largest farm size (35.5 ha), the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious problem, and the consequences extend beyond the physical damage that may occur. Police officers are often first responders, why it is important that they possess awareness and skills that facilitate them to identify IPV and the characteristics for the involved parties, in order to reduce further consequences and escalation. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to explore offender characteristics and typologies of IPV as it occurs within police reports from Funen police district, and to discuss how this information can be used in a police setting. Method: A random sample of 400 reported cases of violence were coded, and 60 reported intimate partner violence cases were identified. Descriptive statistics and a two-step clustering were used to explore the 60 cases of IPV. Results: Overall, it was found, that the offenders of the reported IPV cases in Funen's police are in accordance with studies of offenders of IPV in other contexts. A typology was developed from the clusters which resulted in three different offender types; generally violent, alcohol-related violent and family violent. These clusters also resemble groups found in previous studies. Discussion: The results can be used to give an insight into how IPV occurs in the police district, and form a basis for the understanding and developing of the prioritization of the phenomenon. However, the descriptions and typologies are to be understood as a snapshot and the results are not universal or a general description of IPV, why further and deeper investigations will be necessary.

VERS UNE MODELISATION DE L’INCONTINENCE URINAIRE DES FEMMES Introduction : L’objectif principal était de mieux comprendre l’histoire naturelle de l’incontinence urinaire (IU) féminine grâce à une modélisation de sa prévalence sur ses facteurs de risque, en tenant compte de sa gravité et de ses types. Un objectif secondaire était de travailler sur la classification des circonstances des fuites urinaires.Matériel et méthodes : Nous avons utilisé les données de deux sondages téléphoniques sur une population représentative, Le Baromètre Santé 2010 (3089) et Fecond (5017) ; de deux enquêtes postales au sein de la cohorte GAZEL (3098), l’une générale et l’autre centrée sur les problèmes urinaires ; et enfin d’un sondage internet de volontaires adultes, NutriNet-Santé (85037). L’IU a été définie à partir d'un questionnaire validé, l’ICIQ-UI-SF et à partir d’une liste de problèmes de santé. Nous avons utilisé des modèles binomiaux et multinomiaux de régression logistique, des analyses de correspondances multiples et de classification ascendante hiérarchique.Résultats : La prévalence de l’IU tout venant (quel que soit son type ou sa gravité) variait de 1,5 % à 38,8 % selon les enquêtes et était égale à 17,3 % dans les 2 échantillons représentatifs. La conception de l’enquête, c’est-à-dire la nature de l’échantillon (représentatif ou non), son objectif (centré sur la santé générale ou l’IU), le mode de recueil des données et la mode de définition de l’IU (à partir d’un questionnaire spécifique validé ou basée sur une liste de maladies) étaient susceptibles de modifier à la hausse ou à la baisse les estimations de la prévalence de l’IU.Les fuites les plus fréquentes étaient les fuites à la toux, les fuites avant d’arriver aux toilettes et les fuites lors de l’exercice physique. Les femmes décrivant des circonstances attribuées aux principaux types d’IU, effort, par urgenturie et mixte, formaient un groupe distinct de celles déclarant des circonstances attribuées au type IU autre. De même, les femmes déclarant des circonstances attribuables à une IU d’effort se démarquaient de celles déclarant des circonstances attribuables à une IU par urgenturie. Les circonstances les plus discriminantes pour classer les femmes incontinentes étaient : fuites tout le temps, à la toux, pendant le sommeil et après la miction. Dans toutes les enquêtes nous avons identifié des associations significatives entre presque tous les facteurs de risque disponibles et l’incontinence ; mais certains facteurs étaient liés avec toutes les formes d’IU et d’autres seulement avec certaines formes. De plus nombreuses associations ont été observées avec l’IU grave, c’est-à-dire quotidienne, qu’avec l’IU hebdomadaire. Nous avons observé plus d’associations significatives avec l’IU mixte et l’IU autre qu’avec l’IU d’effort et l’IU par urgenturie. Les plus fortes associations ont été observées pour la dépression et l’obésité, liées avec presque toutes les formes d’IU. Les variables obstétricales étaient souvent liées à l’IU mixte. Conclusion : Le questionnaire ICIQ-UI-SF est approprié pour estimer la prévalence de l’incontinence urinaire dans des échantillons représentatifs mais il apparaît insuffisant pour définir tous les types d’IU. Nos résultats ont objectivé qu’il est possible d’utiliser les circonstances des fuites d’urine pour identifier des groupes spécifiques de femmes incontinentes, et que certaines circonstances peu utilisées en cliniques sont pourtant très discriminantes. Il y a probablement des travaux à faire et à poursuivre pour explorer dans quelle mesure les circonstances des fuites ont une valeur pronostique ou prédictive de réponse au traitement. Grâce à la modélisation, où nous avons pris en compte le type et la gravité de l’IU, nous avons pu constater quelles modalités de l’IU sont liées à certains facteurs de risque et quelles modalités ne le sont pas. / TOWARDS A MODELLING OF FEMALE URINARY INCONTINENCE Introduction: The main objective was to better understand the natural history of the female urinary incontinence (UI) through modelling of its prevalence by risk factors, while taking into account its severity and its type. A secondary objective was to work on the classification of the circumstances of urinary leakage.Methods: Data came from two telephone surveys of a representative population, The Health Barometer 2010 and Fecond; two mail surveys within the cohort GAZEL, one general and the other centred on urinary problems; and an Internet survey of adult volunteers, NutriNet-Health. We defined UI from a validated questionnaire, the ICIQ-UI-SF, and from a list of diseases. We used binomial and multinomial logistic regression models, multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering.Results: The prevalence of any UI ranged from 1.5% to 38.8%. In both representative samples it was 17.3%. The design of the survey, i.e. the sampling (representative or not), its objective (centred on general health or UI-centred), the data collection mode and UI definition (symptom-based or perception-based) were likely to change either upwards or downwards the estimates of the prevalence of UI.The most frequent circumstances were leaks during coughing, leakage before getting to the toilet and leaks during physical exercise. Women describing circumstances attributable to stress, urge or mixed types of incontinence formed a separate group from those reporting leakage circumstances attributable to other UI. Similarly, women declaring circumstances attributable to stress UI stood out from those declaring circumstances attributable to urge UI. The most discriminating circumstances to classify incontinent women were: leaks all the time, leaks during coughing, leaks during sleep and leaks after urination.In all the surveys included in our work we have identified significant associations between almost all available risk factors and incontinence, but some factors were associated with all forms of incontinence and others only with few forms. In addition, more associations were observed with severe UI (i.e. daily UI), than with weekly UI. Among UI types, we observed more significant associations with mixed UI and other UI than with stress and urge UI. The strongest associations were found for depression and obesity with almost all forms of UI. Obstetric variables were often associated with mixed UI.Conclusion: Precise estimates of UI prevalence should be based on non–UI-focused surveys among representative samples and using a validated standardised symptom-based questionnaire, as ICIQ-UI-SF, but it appears to be insufficient to define all types of UI. We found that it is possible to use the circumstances of urine leaks for identifying specific groups of incontinent women. But we need to explore to what extent the circumstances of urinary leakage have prognostic or predictive value for response to treatment. With modelling, as we took into account UI type and severity, we identified which UI modalities are related to certain risk factors and which are not.

Hlavním cílem předkládané absolventské práce je na základě kritické analýzy stávajícího stavu vnitrofiremní komunikační strategie, navrhnout žádoucí změny podporující efektivní vnitrofiremní komunikaci ve zvoleném mezinárodním korporátu.

This Diploma Work analyses Problems connected with Organizational Culture and its Change in the Company. It includes Change Proposals of the Organizational Culture and the Motivational System, which contribute to achieve Strategic Aims and increase the Effectivity of the Employe's Work.

In Ontario, as in many other provincial, state, and national jurisdictions, the government has come to play a significant role in shaping the curriculum taught in public schools. The curriculum, in this sense, is a matter of public policy. In educational research, however, there is a surprising lack of literature analyzing the curriculum as policy. This thesis engages with this gap in the literature through a multifaceted analysis of four successive versions of Ontario’s key curriculum policy document on the education of public secondary students as citizens. In analyzing this document, my emphasis is on how it frames citizenship, which I understand here as the desired relationship between the individual, the society, and the state. Methodologically, this thesis is a hybrid of deductive and inductive analytic approaches. The deductive element consists of an analysis of theoretical literature to develop a typology of the dimensions of citizenship—political, public, juridical, economic, and cultural. The inductive element consists of qualitative analyses of both the four versions of the curriculum policy document and a selection of interviews with teacher candidates who taught courses from this document. My findings reveal a gradual shift in the framing of citizenship in the curriculum over a twenty-year period, with active participation in local or national public life becoming eclipsed in favour of an individualized emphasis on economic participation and juridical responsibilities. While the teacher candidates interviewed reveal a willingness to creatively reinterpret the curriculum, they also describe how they are constrained by a network of other policies that effectively discourage active forms of citizenship. In conclusion, I suggest that future revisions of the curriculum policy document should place greater emphasis on active forms of citizenship in order to bring greater balance to citizenship education policy in Ontario.

abstract: Social media bot detection has been a signature challenge in recent years in online social networks. Many scholars agree that the bot detection problem has become an "arms race" between malicious actors, who seek to create bots to influence opinion on these networks, and the social media platforms to remove these accounts. Despite this acknowledged issue, bot presence continues to remain on social media networks. So, it has now become necessary to monitor different bots over time to identify changes in their activities or domain. Since monitoring individual accounts is not feasible, because the bots may get suspended or deleted, bots should be observed in smaller groups, based on their characteristics, as types. Yet, most of the existing research on social media bot detection is focused on labeling bot accounts by only distinguishing them from human accounts and may ignore differences between individual bot accounts. The consideration of these bots' types may be the best solution for researchers and social media companies alike as it is in both of their best interests to study these types separately. However, up until this point, bot categorization has only been theorized or done manually. Thus, the goal of this research is to automate this process of grouping bots by their respective types. To accomplish this goal, the author experimentally demonstrates that it is possible to use unsupervised machine learning to categorize bots into types based on the proposed typology by creating an aggregated dataset, subsequent to determining that the accounts within are bots, and utilizing an existing typology for bots. Having the ability to differentiate between types of bots automatically will allow social media experts to analyze bot activity, from a new perspective, on a more granular level. This way, researchers can identify patterns related to a given bot type's behaviors over time and determine if certain detection methods are more viable for that type. / Dissertation/Thesis / Presentation Materials for Thesis Defense / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2019

Les bois gorgés d’eau sont des découvertes rares en archéologie, du fait des conditions inhérentes à leur conservation. Quand ils nous parviennent, ils livrent de nombreuses données sur la place de ce matériau pour les populations anciennes.L’Auvergne est un contexte privilégié pour leur conservation. Des milliers de bois issus de découvertes fortuites ou de fouilles archéologiques sont datés du Néolithique à l’époque moderne, mais le corpus couvre surtout le Second âge du Fer jusqu’au Moyen Âge.La diversité des bois permet d’appréhender les différents usages selon leur destination respective. Le bon état de nombreux éléments renseigne de différentes étapes de façonnage de l’abattage de l’arbre à sa mise en œuvre.Chaque bois est détaillé spécifiquement par domaine et catégorie pour être comparé aux vestiges d’autres régions. L’approche technologique et typologique est traitée le plus exhaustivement possible.Le spectre taxonomique renseigne les pratiques de collecte et leur évolution sur un espace forestier impacté par l’homme.L’apport de la dendrochronologie renseigne les évolutions des approvisionnements, principalement pour la construction, et dégage certains traits des pratiques sylvicoles sur les peuplements forestiers exploités. / Waterlogged woods are rare discoveries in archeology because of the conditions inherent in their conservation. When they reach us, they give a lot of data on the importance of this material for past populations.Auvergne is a privileged context for their conservation. Thousands of woods from fortuitous discoveries or archaeological excavations are dated from the Neolithic to the modern era, however the corpus covers mostly the Second Iron Age until the Middle Ages.The diversity of the woods enables a better understanding of different uses according to their respective destination.The state of conservation of many elements gives information about the different stages of shaping, from the felling of the tree to its implementation.Each wood is detailed specifically by field and category to be compared with the remains of other regions. The technological and typological approach is treated as exhaustively as possible.Taxonomic diversity documents collection practices and their evolution in a forest area impacted by humans.The contribution of dendrochronology informs the evolutions of supplies, mainly for the construction, and releases certain features of the silvicultural practices in the exploited forest stands.